郑州地区ESBLs基因型分布研究

目的 明确ESBLs在郑州地区的基因型分布.方法 收集78株临床分离产ESBLs革兰阴性杆菌,混合后提取总质粒作为模版,用特异性引物进行PCR扩增.结果 显示TEM、SHV、OXA1、OXA20、CTX-M1、CTX-M14和CTX-M25的泳道有阳性条带.结论 郑州地区目前已有TEM、SHV、OXA和CTX-M四种亚型的ESBIs流行.     

Urbanization of black South African women may increase risk of low bone mass due to low vitamin D status, low calcium intake, and high bone turnover

Globally, rural to urban migration is accompanied by changes in dietary patterns and lifestyle that have serious health implications, including development of low bone mass. We hypothesized that serum 25 (OH) vitamin D3 (25[OH]D3) levels will be lower, bone turnover higher, and nutrition inadequate in urban postmenopausal black women, increasing risk for low bone mass. We aimed to assess the prevalence of risk factors for low bone mass in 1261 black women from rural and urban areas in the North West Province of South Africa (Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology-South Africa project). Fasting blood samples were taken; and participants were interviewed to complete questionnaires on self-reported diseases, fractures, and dietary intakes. Bone health markers were assessed in a subgroup of 658 women older than 45 years. Specific lifestyle risk factors identified were inactivity, smoking, injectable progestin contraception use, and high alcohol consumption. Dietary risk factors identified were low calcium and high animal protein, phosphorous, and sodium intakes. The 25(OH)D3 and C-terminal telopeptide (CTX) levels were significantly higher in the rural vs the urban women older than 50 years. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels increased with age in both groups. The 25(OH)D levels were inversely correlated with CTX and PTH in rural women. In urban women, PTH and CTX were correlated while dietary calcium was inversely correlated with CTX and PTH with 25(OH)D3. The combination of low dietary calcium (<230 mg/d), marginally insufficient 25(OH)D3 status, and raised PTH may result in increased bone resorption. Further research is required to assess bone health and fracture risk in black African women.     

莪术提取物ERC61对化疗小鼠造血功能的影响

目的:观察莪术提取物ERC61对环磷酰胺(CTX)抑制小鼠造血功能的影响并确定其最佳给药方式。方法:实验小鼠ipCTX(100mg.kg-1.d-1),连续给药3d,复制白细胞减少症模型;将ERC61按照单纯预防、单纯治疗和预防+治疗3种给药方式ip给药,常规方法计数小鼠白细胞数、骨髓有核细胞数,并测定脾指数。结果:ERC61对CTX抑制小鼠的白细胞数、骨髓有核细胞数、脾指数均有不同程度的改善。结论:ERC61可改善CTX抑制小鼠的造血功能,其中预防+治疗的给药方式效果最好。     

山药苡仁健脾粉及其拆方的药理作用研究

目的:研究山药苡仁健脾粉及其拆方的药理作用。方法:通过环磷酰胺抑制免疫和碳廓清实验,观察山药苡仁健脾粉及其拆方对小鼠免疫调节功能的影响;采用小肠推进实验评价山药苡仁健脾粉及其拆方对肠蠕动的影响;采用转棒实验观察山药苡仁健脾粉及其拆方的抗疲劳功能;采用四氧嘧啶复制高血糖模型,观察山药苡仁健脾粉及其拆方对模型小鼠高血糖的影响。结果:山药粉、薏苡仁粉与山药苡仁健脾粉均能有效提高小鼠的免疫力,增加碳廓清率,对抗环磷酰胺所致的白细胞数量的减少,均有明显的抗疲劳作用;山药粉和山药苡仁健脾粉能促进小肠蠕动和有明显的降血糖作用,而薏苡仁粉作用不显著。结论:山药苡仁健脾粉具有促进肠蠕动、免疫调节、抗疲劳和降糖等保健功能,具有进一步开发的价值。     

Associations between Postprandial Gut Hormones and Markers of Bone Remodeling

Gut-derived hormones have been suggested to play a role in bone homeostasis following food intake, although the associations are highly complex and not fully understood. In a randomized, two-day cross-over study on 14 healthy individuals, we performed postprandial time-course studies to examine the associations of the bone remodeling markers carboxyl-terminal collagen type I crosslinks (CTX) and procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide (P1NP) with the gut hormones glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), and peptide YY (PYY) using two different meal types—a standardized mixed meal (498 kcal) or a granola bar (260 kcal). Plasma concentrations of total GIP, total GLP-1, total PYY, CTX, and P1NP were measured up to 240 min after meal intake, and the incremental area under the curve (iAUC) for each marker was calculated. The iAUC of CTX and P1NP were used to assess associations with the iAUC of GIP, GLP-1, and PYY in linear mixed effect models adjusted for meal type. CTX was positively associated with GIP and GLP-1, and it was inversely associated with PYY (all p < 0.001). No associations of P1NP with GIP or GLP-1 and PYY were found. In conclusion, the postprandial responses of the gut hormones GIP, GLP-1, and PYY are associated with the bone resorption marker CTX, supporting a link between gut hormones and bone homeostasis following food intake.     

Cerebrotendinous Xanthomatosis: Molecular Pathogenesis,Clinical Spectrum,Diagnosis, and Disease-Modifying Treatments

Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX) is an autosomal recessive lipid storage disorder caused by mutations in the CYP27A1 gene, which encodes the mitochondrial enzyme sterol 27-hydroxylase. Decreased sterol 27-hydroxylase activity results in impaired bile acid synthesis, leading to reduced production of bile acids, especially chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), as well as elevated serum cholestanol and urine bile alcohols. The accumulation of cholestanol and cholesterol mainly in the brain, lenses, and tendons results in the characteristic clinical manifestations of CTX. Clinical presentation is characterized by systemic symptoms including neonatal jaundice or cholestasis, refractory diarrhea, juvenile cataracts, tendon xanthomas, osteoporosis, coronary heart disease, and a broad range of neuropsychiatric manifestations. The combinations of symptoms vary from patient to patient and the presenting symptoms, especially in the early disease phase, may be nonspecific, which leads to a substantial diagnostic delay or underdiagnosis. Replacement of CDCA has been approved as a first-line treatment for CTX, and can lead to biochemical and clinical improvements. However, the effect of CDCA treatment is limited once significant neuropsychiatric manifestations are established. The age at diagnosis and initiation of CDCA treatment correlate with the prognosis of patients with CTX. Therefore, early diagnosis and subsequent treatment initiation are essential.     

Release of ICTP and CTX telopeptides from demineralized dentin matrices: Effect of time,mass and surface area

Objective

The present study evaluated the influence of time, mass and surface area of demineralized dentin collagen matrices on telopeptides release. The hypotheses tested were that the rates of ICTP and CTX release by matrix bound endogenous proteases are 1) not time-dependent, 2) unrelated to specimen mass, 3) unrelated to specimen surface area.

Faecal carriage of extended‐spectrum β‐lactamase‐producing Enterobacteriaceae among humans in Java,Indonesia, in 2001–2002

Objective To characterise commensal Escherichia coli and other Enterobacteriaceae with reduced susceptibility to cefotaxime that were collected in a large survey carried out among 3995 patients and healthy persons in two urban regions on Java, Indonesia, in 2001–2002. Methods The putative extended‐spectrum β‐lactamase (ESBL)‐producing Enterobacteriaceae were analysed using double‐disk synergy tests, isoelectric focusing, PCR assays, DNA sequencing, and pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Results On the day of discharge after five or more days of hospitalisation, at least 95 of 999 (9.5%) patients carried ESBL‐positive Enterobacteriaceae as dominant faecal flora. Six patients were simultaneously colonised with E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates with ESBL activity. On admission, only 6 of 998 (0.6%) patients were colonised. Faecal carriage of ESBL‐producing Enterobacteriaceae among healthy persons or persons visiting a public health centre was not detected. The 107 ESBL‐positive strains included 68 E. coli, 35 K. pneumoniae, and four other Enterobacteriaceae. bla_CTX‐M‐15 was the most prevalent ESBL in both E. coli (47.1%) and K. pneumoniae (45.7%), but the E. coli O25b‐ST131 clone was virtually absent. Other ESBL types found were: SHV‐2, ‐2a, ‐5, ‐12, CTX‐M‐3, ‐9, ‐14, and TEM‐19. PFGE revealed extensive genetic diversity among the isolates. Conclusions In 2001–2002, faecal carriage of ESBL‐producing Enterobacteriaceae as dominant flora in Indonesia was almost exclusively hospital‐associated. The presence of various bla_ESBL genes and the extensive genetic diversity among isolates argue against a single/dominant strain outbreak.     

黄蘑多糖对荷瘤小鼠化疗的减毒增效作用

目的研究黄蘑Hohenbuehelia serotina多糖对环磷酰胺(CTX)化疗H22荷瘤小鼠的减毒和增效作用。方法建立小鼠体内移植性肝癌模型;小、中、大剂量治疗组分别ip黄蘑多糖提取物20、40、80mg/kg,连续给药10d,测定荷瘤小鼠的生命延长率和化疗药物CTX的毒副作用以及黄蘑多糖对CTX的减毒和增效作用。同时检测黄蘑多糖对淋巴细胞转化率、IL-2水平等免疫系统功能的影响。结果中、大剂量黄蘑多糖具有抑制肿瘤生长,延长荷瘤小鼠的生存率的作用。与CTX伍用可发挥协同作用,提高抑瘤率(P<0.05、0.01);提高荷瘤小鼠生存质量,体重、白细胞计数及免疫器官指数,与CTX阳性对照组比较均显示显著差异(P<0.05、0.01);实验结果显示黄蘑多糖与CTX伍用具有良好的减毒和增效作用,可增强荷瘤小鼠机体免疫力,提高淋转和IL-2的水平(P<0.05、0.01)。结论黄蘑多糖作为生物反应调节剂可提高机体的免疫力,增强CTX的抗肿瘤作用,同时减轻CTX的毒性。