功能文体学指导下的科技文体对中药说明书英译的启示

随着中医药对外交流的深入开展和世界对中药认识的加深,中医药说明书的翻译问题逐渐引起了重视。为了达到对外宣传中医药并让世界了解中医药的目的,本文从功能文体学指导下的科技文体出发,通过探讨中药说明书的翻译译例,总结出对中药说明书的翻译策略,以期为中医药的国际化贡献绵薄之力。     

Associations between polymorphisms in the antiviral TRIM genes and measles vaccine immunity

The role of polymorphisms within the antiviral tripartite motif (TRIM) genes in measles vaccine adaptive immune responses was examined. A limited association was found between TRIM5 (rs7122620) and TRIM25 (rs205499) gene polymorphisms and measles-specific antibody levels. However, many associations were found between TRIM gene SNPs and variations in cellular responses (IFN-γ Elispot and secreted cytokines IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ, and TNF-α). TRIM22 rs2291841 was significantly associated with an increased IFN-γ Elispot response (35 vs. 102 SFC per 2 × 10⁵ PBMC, p = 0.009, q = 0.71) in Caucasians. A non-synonymous TRIM25 rs205498 (in LD with other SNPs, r² ? 0.56), as well as the TRIM25 AAAGGAAAGGAGT haplotype, was associated with a decreased IFN-γ Elispot response (t-statistic −2.32, p = 0.02) in African-Americans. We also identified polymorphisms in the TRIM5, TRIM22, and TRIM25 genes that were associated with significant differences in cytokine responses. Additional studies are necessary to replicate our findings and to examine the functional consequences of these associations.     

C‐AIM: An Exercise in Developing Computer Management of Instruction

Due to increasing availability and sophistication of relatively inexpensive computer hardware, the applications of computers in the teaching and learning process in our schools are expanding. One of the more recent applications is Computer Management of Instruction (CMI), which has been selected as the focus of this article. The author's background experience includes working as a primary developer of a CMI software package supported by the Arkansas State Department of Education. It is hoped that these experiences, both as a user and as a developer of software, will enable the author to share some insights concerning the preparation necessary for using CMI, the general structure of a CMI system, and some features a user might expect to find as part of a CMI system. The system developed through the ADE project is called Computer‐Assisted Instructional Management (C‐AIM), and it will be used as an example in this article.     

黄芪多糖对烧伤小鼠细胞免疫功能的影响

我们应用小鼠非麻醉状态下Ⅲ度烧伤模型，观察烧伤后６天细胞免疫功能的变化及黄芪多糖（ＡＰＳ）体内应用对烧伤后细胞免疫功能的影响。结果显示：烧伤后６天小鼠的脾脏指数和胸腺指数降低，脾细胞的Ｔ淋巴细胞转化、白介素２（ＩＬ－２）的产生均明显受抑；烧伤小鼠血清、巨噬细胞对Ｔ淋巴细胞转化的抑制作用明显增强，抑制性Ｔ细胞（Ｔｓ）的抑制指数也高于正常。ＡＰＳ经腹腔注射（２５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ，每天一次，连续５天）不仅可明显提高正常小鼠的脾脏指数和胸腺指数，还可使烧伤小鼠的脾脏指数和胸腺指数恢复正常；ＡＰＳ体内应用还可纠正烧伤小鼠Ｔ淋巴细胞转化，ＩＬ－２产生的受抑状态，并可使烧伤小鼠血清、巨噬细胞及Ｔｓ的抑制活性降低至正常水平。上述结果提示：烧伤小鼠细胞免疫功能受抑与烧伤后血清、巨噬细胞及Ｔｓ的抑制作用有关；黄芪多糖体内治疗可降低烧伤后血清、巨噬细胞、Ｔｓ的抑制活性，恢复烧伤后受损的细胞免疫功能     

Immunization of preterm infants with GSK’s hexavalent combined diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis-hepatitis B-inactivated poliovirus-Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine: A review of safety and immunogenicity

BackgroundInfants with history of prematurity (<37 weeks gestation) and low birth weight (LBW, <2500 g) are at high risk of infection due to functional immaturity of normal physical and immunological defense mechanisms. Despite current recommendations that infants with history of prematurity/LBW should receive routine immunization according to the same schedule and chronological age as full-term infants, immunization is often delayed.MethodsHere we summarize 10 clinical studies and 15 years of post-marketing safety surveillance of GSK’s hexavalent vaccine (DTPa-HBV-IPV/Hib), a combined diphtheria-tetanus-acellular-pertussis-hepatitis-B-inactivated-poliovirus-Haemophilus influenzae-type-b (Hib) conjugate vaccine, when administered alone, or co-administered with pneumococcal conjugate, rotavirus, and meningococcal vaccines and respiratory syncytial virus IgG to infants with history of prematurity/LBW in clinical trials.ResultsAt least 92.5% of infants with history of prematurity/LBW as young as 24 weeks gestation in clinical studies were seropositive to all vaccine antigens after 3-dose primary vaccination with GSK’s hexavalent DTPa-HBV-IPV/Hib vaccine, with robust immune responses to booster vaccination. Seropositivity rates and antibody concentrations to hepatitis B and Hib appeared lower in infants with history of prematurity/LBW than term infants. Between 13–30% of medically stable infants with history of prematurity developed apnea after vaccination with GSK’s hexavalent DTPa-HBV-IPV/Hib vaccine; usually after dose 1. The occurrence of post-immunization cardiorespiratory events appears to be influenced by the severity of any underlying neonatal condition. Most cardiorespiratory events resolve spontaneously or require minimal intervention. GSK’s hexavalent DTPa-HBV-IPV/Hib vaccine was well tolerated in co-administration regimens.ConclusionGSK’s hexavalent DTPa-HBV-IPV/Hib vaccine alone or co-administered with other pediatric vaccines has a clinically acceptable safety and immunogenicity profile when used in infants with history of prematurity/LBW for primary and booster vaccination. Additional studies are needed in very premature and very LBW infants. However, currently available data support using GSK’s hexavalent DTPa-HBV-IPV/Hib vaccine to immunize infants with history of prematurity/LBW according to chronological age.     

Inverse association of light-to-moderate alcohol drinking with cardiometabolic index in men with diabetes mellitus

Aims

Cardiometabolic index (CMI), calculated as the product of waist-to-height ratio and triglycerides-to-HDL cholesterol ratio, has been proposed as a discriminator of diabetes and has been reported to be associated with progression of atherosclerosis. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between alcohol drinking and CMI in men with diabetes.

C-AIM: An Exercise in Developing Computer Management of Instruction

Due to increasing availability and sophistication of relatively inexpensive computer hardware, the applications of computers in the teaching and learning process in our schools are expanding. One of the more recent applications is Computer Management of Instruction (CMI), which has been selected as the focus of this article. The author's background experience includes working as a primary developer of a CMI software package supported by the Arkansas State Department of Education. It is hoped that these experiences, both as a user and as a developer of software, will enable the author to share some insights concerning the preparation necessary for using CMI, the general structure of a CMI system, and some features a user might expect to find as part of a CMI system. The system developed through the ADE project is called Computer-Assisted Instructional Management (C-AIM), and it will be used as an example in this article.