Melatonin, the main hormone produced by the pineal gland, is secreted in a circadian manner (24‐hr period), and its oscillation influences several circadian biological rhythms, such as the regulation of clock genes expression (chronobiotic effect) and the modulation of several endocrine functions in peripheral tissues. Assuming that the circadian synchronization of clock genes can play a role in the regulation of energy metabolism and it is influenced by melatonin, our study was designed to assess possible alterations as a consequence of melatonin absence on the circadian expression of clock genes in the epididymal adipose tissue of male Wistar rats and the possible metabolic repercussions to this tissue. Our data show that pinealectomy indeed has impacts on molecular events: it abolishes the daily pattern of the expression of Clock, Per2, and Cry1 clock genes and Pparγ expression, significantly increases the amplitude of daily expression of Rev‐erbα, and affects the pattern of and impairs adipokine production, leading to a decrease in leptin levels. However, regarding some metabolic aspects of adipocyte functions, such as its ability to synthesize triacylglycerols from glucose along 24 hr, was not compromised by pinealectomy, although the daily profile of the lipogenic enzymes expression (ATP‐citrate lyase, malic enzyme, fatty acid synthase, and glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase) was abolished in pinealectomized animals. 相似文献
ObjectiveTo evaluate the relationship between neural (re)organization of the somatosensory cortex and impairment of sensory function (2-point discrimination [2PD]) in individuals with unilateral cerebral palsy.MethodsWe included 21 individuals with unilateral cerebral palsy. 2PD thresholds were evaluated on thumb pads, and activation of the somatosensory cortex was recorded by functional MRI (fMRI) during passive movements of the affected hand. A lateralization index (LI) was calculated for the primary sensory (S1) and secondary sensory (S2) cortices and the correlation between the LI and 2PD thresholds was analysed.ResultsWe found a significant negative correlation between the 2PD thresholds and the S2 LI (r = −0.5, one-tailed P-value = 0.01) and a trend towards a negative correlation with the S1 LI (r = −0.4, one-tailed P-value = 0.05).ConclusionHigh levels of activation in the contralesional hemisphere were associated with high levels of sensory impairment in individuals with unilateral cerebral palsy. The interhemispheric (re)organization of the somatosensory system may not effectively compensate for somatosensory impairment. 相似文献
1. The present study is designed to investigate the brain distribution and plasma pharmacokinetics profiles of chlorogenic acid (CGA) after intranasal administration in Charles–Foster rats to evaluate whether the CGA molecules are transported directly via the nose-to-brain path.
2. The CGA is administered intravenously (IV) and intranasally (IN) at the dose of 10?mg/kg. Further, its concentration in the plasma, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the whole brain is analyzed by HPLC-UV method.
3. The study observes that CGA is rapidly absorbed in plasma with tmax of 1?min similar to IV route after IN administration. The peak plasma concentration and AUC0–24 are higher by 3.5 and 4.0 times respectively in IV administration, compared to IN delivery that represents the significant less systemic exposure of CGA in IN route.
4. However, the concentration of CGA in the brain is 4, 6.5, 5.3, 5.2 and 4.5 times higher at 30, 60, 120, 240 and 360?min, respectively in IN administration compared to IV administration. The exposure of CGA in the brain after IN administration (AUCbrain, IN) was significantly greater (4 times) as compared to the exposure of CGA in the brain (AUCbrain, IV) after IV administration reflecting significant brain uptake of CGA through nasal route. Therefore, IN delivery of CGA can be a promising approach for the treatment of stroke and neurodegenerative disorders. 相似文献