Striatal cells containing the Ca2+-binding protein calretinin (protein 10) in ischemia-induced neuronal injury

The present study concerns the vulnerability of striatal interneurons immunopositive for the Ca²⁺-binding protein calretinin to ischemic neuronal injury. An immunohistochemical study was carried out on the striata of rats which had undergone transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. Two weeks after the ischemia, there was a marked reduction in the number of calretinin-positive neurons in the ipsilateral ischemic lesion, although the striatal interneurons positive for parvalbumin, which are a neuronal population distinct from the calretinin-immunoreactive cells in the striatum, were spared in the insulted areas. The present data indicate that the striatal calretinin-positive neurons are less resistant to transient ischemia, suggesting that there may exist vulnerability differences among the striatal interneurons in ischemia-induced neuronal injury.     

Effects of monoamine uptake inhibitors given early postnatally on monoamines in the brain stem,caudate/putamen and cortex,and on dopamine D1 and D2 receptors in the caudate/putamen

Summary Rats were treated with desipramine 5mg/kg, nomifensine 10mg/kg, zimelidine 25 mg/kg or with 0.9% sodium chloride once a day during the second and third weeks after birth, and brain stem, caudate/putamen and cortical monoamines, and caudate/putamen dopamine D₁ (³[H]SCH 23390) and D₂ (³[H]spiroperidol) receptor binding were measured when rats were at two months of age. In the brain stem, the concentration of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenyl glycol was increased in nomifensine rats and the ratio of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid to 5-hydroxytryptamine was increased in zimelidine rats. In the caudate/putamen, the concentrations of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and homovanillic acid and the ratio of homovanillic acid to dopamine were increased in desipramine rats; neither³[H]SCH 23390 nor³[H]spiroperidol binding were affected by any of the three monoamine uptake inhibiting antidepressants studied. In the cortex, the ratio of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid to 5-hydroxytryptamine was increased in desipramine and zimelidine rats. The findings suggest that desipramine but not nomifensine increases the metabolism of dopamine in the caudate/ putamen and nomifensine but not desipramine increases the metabolism of norepinephrine in the brain stem, and furthermore that the metabolism of serotonin is affected by desipramine as well as by zimelidine. It is possible that also treatment of women with these drugs during late pregnancy causes long-lasting changes in the brain of human fetus.     

Intracranial actinomycosis in juvenile patients Case report and review of the literature

A case of actinomycotic brain infection in a juvenile patient is described. Cases of actinomycosis affecting the head and neck are rare, particularly in juvenile patients. In this case complete resolution of the infection was achieved by means of surgical treatment and prolonged antibiotic therapy. The authors emphasize the importance of a combined approach for treatment of this unusual brain infection and stress the difficulties involved in the diagnosis of this pathology. Received: 3 November 1997     

间断缺血心停搏在冠脉搭桥术中的应用

１９９２～１９９３年间为１８０例冠脉病变的病人施行冠脉搭桥术，全部病人均采用核甙抑制剂利多氟嗪预处理和低温（２８℃）间断缺血心停搏进行术中心肌保护。平均每例病人作冠状动脉端吻合３～４个，每个吻合口用９分钟，主动脉阻断累加时间约２５分钟，体外循环时间９０分钟，术后医院死亡率１．６％（３／１８０），无术后心梗发生。作者认为，冠脉搭桥术的术中心肌保护可采用核甙抑制剂和间断缺血心停搏方法，而不用心肌停搏液。     

The value of different methods of treatment of brain abscess in the CT era

Summary 67 cases of brain abscess were analyzed retrospectively. As 2 comatose patients died on admission before any treatment was started, the results are based on 65 treated patients. Different methods of treatment included: total removal in 36 patients, drainage in 14, aspiration in 6 and conservative treatment in 9. Management mortality was 18,5% and was almost not dependent on the method of treatment (except aspiration) being lowest in the drainage group. The mortality was significantly higher in patients with serious impairment of consciousness on admission.Follow-up examination after 1 to 11 years was performed in 47 out of 53 discharged patients and revealed in 25 of them (53%) full recovery. 10 additional cases (21%) are independent. The best early and long term results were obtained in patients by drainage and medical treatment.Chronic epilepsy developed in 34% of patients with supratentorial lesions. The risk of epilepsy was lowest in the group of patients treated by drainage.The authors present the opinion that removal of brain abscess is necessary only in exceptional cases.     

老年人脑皮质下斑点状病灶的MRI病理基础研究

本文对29例脑标本行 MRI-病理对照研究,其中18例脑标本 MRI 检查阳性,发现脑皮质下斑点状病灶(Subcortical Patchy Lesions,SPLs)95个。该病灶分两大类:第一类(64个)位于脑皮层下白质、基底核、小脑和脑干,其病理基础主要为血管周围间隙扩大(83%),小梗塞灶(11%),其他还有小动、静脉畸形(AVM),脱髓鞘灶和胶质增生灶;第二类(31个)位于侧脑室周围白质内,其病理基础为局部组织结构疏松呈空泡状,病灶相应部位的室管膜大片脱落。     

Rapid tolerance against focal cerebral ischemia induced by isoflurane anesthesia is attenuated by adenosine A1 receptor antagonist in rats

The brief anesthesia with isoflurane induces rapid tolerance against focal cerebral ischemia in rats and aden-osine A1 receptor antagonist, DPCPX, attenuates the beneficial effect of isoflurane preconditioning.