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991.
Purpose Ketamine has been used successfully in various proportions of fibromyalgia (FM) patients. However, the response to this specific treatment remains largely unpredictable. We evaluated brain SPECT perfusion before treatment with ketamine, using voxel-based analysis. The objective was to determine the predictive value of brain SPECT for ketamine response. Methods Seventeen women with FM (48 ± 11 years; ACR criteria) were enrolled in the study. Brain SPECT was performed before any change was made in therapy in the pain care unit. We considered that a patient was a good responder to ketamine if the VAS score for pain decreased by at least 50% after treatment. A voxel-by-voxel group analysis was performed using SPM2, in comparison to a group of ten healthy women matched for age. Results The VAS score for pain was 81.8 ± 4.2 before ketamine and 31.8 ± 27.1 after ketamine. Eleven patients were considered “good responders” to ketamine. Responder and non-responder subgroups were similar in terms of pain intensity before ketamine. In comparison to responding patients and healthy subjects, non-responding patients exhibited a significant reduction in bilateral perfusion of the medial frontal gyrus. This cluster of hypoperfusion was highly predictive of non-response to ketamine (positive predictive value 100%, negative predictive value 91%). Conclusion Brain perfusion SPECT may predict response to ketamine in hyperalgesic FM patients.  相似文献   
992.
Purpose: To study the application of magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) in the human brain.

Material and Methods: An external force actuator was developed, which produced propagating shear waves in brain tissue. A modified phase-contrast gradient-echo sequence was developed. The propagating shear waves within the brain were directly imaged. The wave images were processed to obtain the elasticity image. Shear waves at 100 Hz, 150 Hz, and 200 Hz were applied.

Results: The propagating shear waves in the brain were visualized on wave images. The elasticity image revealed the difference in tissue elasticity between gray and white matter of the brain.

Conclusion: MRE could be an imaging technique for assessing the elasticity of brain tissue.  相似文献   
993.
The human brain cortex is a highly convoluted sheet. Mapping of the cortical surface into a canonical coordinate space is an important tool for the study of the structure and function of the brain. Here, we present a technique based on least-square conformal mapping with spring energy for the mapping of the cortical surface. This method aims to reduce the metric and area distortion while maintaining the conformal map and computation efficiency. We demonstrate through numerical results that this method effectively controls metric and area distortion, and is computational efficient. This technique is particularly useful for fast visualization of the brain cortex.  相似文献   
994.
Purpose Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is an akinetic-rigid syndrome that can be difficult to differentiate from Parkinson’s disease (PD), particularly at an early stage. [99mTc]ethyl cysteinate dimer (ECD) SPECT could represent a widely available tool to assist in the differential diagnosis. In this study we used voxel-based analysis and Computerised Brain Atlas (CBA)-based principal component analysis (PCA) of [99mTc]ECD SPECT data to test whether: (1) specific patterns of rCBF abnormalities can differentiate PSP from controls and PD; (2) networks of dysfunctional brain regions can be found in PSP vs controls and PD. Methods Nine PD patients, 16 PSP patients and ten controls were studied with [99mTc]ECD SPECT using a brain-dedicated device (Ceraspect). Voxel-based analysis was performed with statistical parametric mapping. PCA was applied to volume of interest data after spatial normalisation to CBA. Results The voxel-based analysis showed hypoperfusion of the anterior cingulate and medial frontal cortex in PSP compared with controls and PD. In PSP patients the rCBF impairment extended to the pre-supplementary motor area and prefrontal cortex, areas involved in executive function and motor networks. Compared with PSP patients, PD patients showed a mild rCBF decrease in associative visual areas which could be related to the known impairment of visuospatial function. The PCA identified three principal components differentiating PSP patients from controls and/or PD patients that included groups of cortical and subcortical brain regions with relatively decreased (cingulate cortex, prefrontal cortex and caudate) or increased (parietal cortex) rCBF, representing distinct functional networks in PSP. Conclusion Anterior cingulate hypoperfusion seems to be an early, distinct brain abnormality in PSP as compared with PD.  相似文献   
995.
Objective To determine whether thallium-201 (201Tl) brain single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) could supplement magnetic resonance (MR) imaging diagnostic information by visual comparison of two separate data sets from patients with ring-like contrast-enhanced cerebral lesions. Methods A combination of MR imaging and 201Tl brain SPECT sets obtained from 13 patients (10 men, 3 women) ranging in age from 26 years to 86 years (mean 61.0 years) were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 12 patients had a solitary lesion, and the others had multiple lesions. All but two intracranial foci were pathologically confirmed. The final diagnoses were six glioblastomas, two cerebral metastases from lung cancer, and one each of abscess, resolving hematoma, primary central nervous system lymphoma, toxoplasmosis, and radiation necrosis. The two separate image formats (MR images and SPECT) were shown to ten readers with practical experience. All of the MR images for each patient were shown to each reader first. After interpreting them, the readers were shown the SPECT images. Images were scored in terms of how benign or malignant the foci were on a 5-point scale from “definitely benign” to “definitely malignant.” Results The improvement in the performance of all ten readers was from 67.7% to 93.8% in mean accuracy (P = 0.0028) and from 0.730 to 0.971 in mean Az value (P = 0.0069) after they were shown the 201Tl brain SPECT images. Conclusions 201Tl brain SPECT should substantially increase confidence in the diagnosis of intracranial lesions with ring-like contrast enhancement when MR imaging does not permit differentiation between benign and malignant disease.  相似文献   
996.
目的运用优化的基于体素的形态学研究(VBM),探索中国汉族人群精神分裂症患者与正常人脑结构之间的差异。方法运用高场强(3.0T)MR扫描仪分别采集13例初发且未经治疗的精神分裂症患者和13名年龄、性别、利手配对的正常人(对照组)的高分辨T1WI。采用优化的VBM方法处理所有数据,最后经两样本配对t检验,比较2组间的脑灰质密度和灰质体积的差别。结果采用国际通用的统计参数图表示。结果精神分裂症患者的脑灰质体积较对照组缩小、密度较对照组广泛降低。这些区域主要集中于脑双侧颞叶和额叶区域,包括双侧额中回、双侧岛叶等区域,另一些灰质密度降低区散在分布于脑顶叶、枕叶及小脑区域。结论优化的VBM可能是一种自动的,有效的研究精神分裂症患者脑结构的方法;初发精神分裂症患者的脑灰质密度较正常人广泛降低,体积较正常人缩小。  相似文献   
997.
目的探讨MR扩散加权成像(DWI)在脑结核瘤、高级星形细胞瘤和脑转移瘤鉴别诊断中的价值。方法14例脑结核瘤、15例脑高级星形细胞瘤和21例脑转移瘤患者,在术前或接受治疗前行常规MRI和DWI。测量并计算3种疾病瘤体、瘤周围水肿带的平均表观扩散系数(ADC)值和病灶与对侧相应部位正常脑白质区ADC值的比值(rADC值)。结果脑结核瘤瘤体平均ADC值和rADC值分别为(1.2±0.2)×10^-3mm^2·s^-1和1.6±0.3,高级星形细胞瘤瘤体平均ADC值和rADC值分别为(0.8±0.1)×10^-3mm^2·s^-1和1.1±0.1,转移瘤瘤体平均ADC值和rADC值分别为(0.8±0.1)×10^-3mm^2·s^-1和1.0±0.2。3种疾病瘤体平均ADC值(F=33.57,P〈0.01)之间和rADC值(F=33.27,P〈0.01)之间差异均有统计学意义。脑结核瘤瘤周水肿带平均ADC值和rADC值分别为(1.8±0.1)×10^-3mm^2·s^-1和2.5±0.2,脑高级星形细胞瘤瘤周水肿带平均ADC值和rADC值分别为(1.4±0.2)×10^-3mm^2·s^-1和1.8±0.3,脑转移瘤瘤周水肿带平均ADC值和rADC值分别为(1.9±0.2)×10^-3mm^2·s^-1和2.3±0.5。3种疾病瘤周围水肿带平均ADC值(F=23.17,P〈0.01)之间和rADC值(F=5.94,P〈0.01)之间差异均有统计学意义。结论结合MRI、DWI检测方法,根据病灶瘤体和瘤周水肿带的ADC和rADC值可帮助鉴别脑结核瘤、脑高级星形细胞瘤和脑转移瘤。  相似文献   
998.
目的研究水通道蛋白-4(AQP-4)在急、慢性肝功能衰竭时脑组织中的表达规律,应用MR扩散加权成像(DWI)探讨脑水肿的分子生物学机制。方法雄性SD大鼠65只采用数字表法随机分为急性组(25只)、慢性组(25只)和对照组(15只),分别诱发急、慢性肝功能衰竭。行DWI观察异常信号分布情况,测量顶部皮质区、外侧部皮质区和邻近侧脑室区的DWI信号强度。处死后进行血氨检测,取与DWI检查对应的大脑层面切片行病理观察、免疫组织化学及逆转录.聚合酶链式反应(RT—PCR)检测,检测AQP-4蛋白表达水平,并进行统计学分析。结果急性组肝细胞坏死及脑水肿明显,慢性组呈肝硬化改变,脑水肿不明显。血氨浓度急性组、慢性组和对照组分别为(516±46)、(158±26)和(148±32)μmol/L,差异有统计学意义(F=188.325,P〈0.01)。顶部皮质区、外侧部皮质区和邻近侧脑室区的DWI信号强度对照组分别为516±160、727±183和656±181;急性组分别为1766±438、1223±503和1216±446;慢性组分别为700±213、820±263和713±243,差异均有统计学意义(F值分别为44.612、3.422和5.581,P值均〈0.05)。相应区域AQP-4蛋白表达水平(用平均灰度值表示)对照组分别为7379±1617、8104±2093和4851±2178;急性组分别为9580±2616、11057±2334和2949±1735;慢性组分别为12137±2332、11135±3102和7688±2925,3组间差异均有统计学意义(F值分别为11.414、4.602和7.002,P值均〈0.05)。急性组AQP-4蛋白表达水平与DWI信号强度有相关性(r=0.756,P〈0.05),慢性组AQP-4蛋白表达水平与DWI信号强度无相关关系(r=0.236,P〉0.05)。结论在急、慢性肝功能衰竭中血氨增高是导致脑内能量代谢异常、星形胶质细胞内AQP-4mRNA和蛋白表达增加的主要因素;DWI技术发现的信号异常可很好的反映脑水肿、AQP-4蛋白表达异常的范围、程度。  相似文献   
999.
目的对比研究动脉血质子自旋标记(ASL)与动态磁敏感对比(DSC)MRI在急性脑缺血诊断中的应用价值。方法27例发病3d内的急性脑卒中患者,均采用3.0TMR行脉冲式ASL和DSCMR检查。观察2种技术的灌注表现,包括灌注不足、正常灌注、延迟灌注、过度灌注等,采用Mann—Whitney检验做定性分析。在扩散加权成像显示的病变部位及对侧正常半球的镜像区域分别确定3个感兴趣区(ROI),测量信号强度并计算信号强度比(病侧/对照侧),并将结果做配对t检验。结果定性分析显示27例患者中,2l例2种技术检查结果一致(灌注不足14例,正常灌注5例,过度灌注2例)。6例2种技术不一致,其中4例ASL显示灌注不足而DSC显示延迟灌注,2例ASL显示正常灌注而DSC显示延迟灌注,两者间差异无统计学意义(P〉0.05)。定量分析示,2种技术的病侧与对照侧信号强度比值ASL为0.7l±0.46,DSC为0.73±0.42,两者间差异无统计学意义(P〉0.05)。结论无创性ASL技术在检测灌注异常时与DSCMRI有相似的敏感性;ASL可与常规MR检查相结合,为临床诊断急性缺血性卒中提供有价值的信息。  相似文献   
1000.
目的构建+10Gz重复暴露大鼠脑差异表达基因的消减cDNA文库。方法本实验用SD大鼠,分别提取暴露组与对照组的总RNA,并分离纯化mRNA,应用抑制性消减杂交技术分离+10GI重复暴露大鼠脑差异表达基因eDNA片段并建立消减eDNA文库;利用PCR对随机挑选的75个白色菌落进行插入片段的验证,对其中70个克隆进行eDNA斑点杂交验证。结果所构建的eDNA文库扩增后包含约400个白色克隆和100个兰色克隆,随机挑选75个白色克隆入质粒载体后共获得70个阳性克隆。结论应用抑制性消减杂交技术成功构建了+10Gz重复暴露大鼠脑差异表达基因消减eDNA文库,为进一步筛选和克隆脑损伤相关基因奠定了基础。  相似文献   
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