1例192Ir源致外照射轻度骨髓型急性放射病的临床观察与随访

目的 对2005年哈尔滨"7.13"¹⁹²Ir源放射事故受照者1例进行临床观察与12年的医学随访，探讨外照射轻度骨髓型急性放射病的临床治疗及远后效应。方法 详细采集患者病史，收集临床资料，从血液系统改变、心理健康等方面进行总结，评价治疗效果，观察远后效应。结果 早期治疗后，患者造血系统改变、心理创伤、无力综合征、神经衰弱综合征均有所改善，受照后第10年患者开始出现粒系、红系、巨核细胞系同时减少，受照后第13年被诊断患有分离转换障碍，病程中还伴有心力衰竭、肝功异常、免疫力低下、神经衰弱等疾病。治疗后可缓解症状，但易反复。结论 本例轻度骨髓型急性放射病在临床表现与远后效应上有其独特的疾病特点，并发症较多，为今后此类疾病的临床救治提供了参考。     

负压封闭引流技术(VSD)在治疗骨创伤创面软组织损伤中的临床疗效评价

目的探讨负压封闭引流技术(VSD)在治疗骨创伤创面软组织损伤中的临床疗效。方法将80例骨创伤创面软组织损伤患者按照抽签方法随机分为对照组与观察组各40例。对照组予常规换药治疗,观察组行负压封闭引流技术(VSD)治疗。比较两组治疗效果。结果观察组患者10 d内换药率为100%,明显高于对照组(P<0.01);对照组Ⅱ期手术处理时间、治疗后创面面积、换药次数、应用抗生素费用、住院时间以及植皮优良率分别为(14.59±3.29)d、(14.11±1.78)cm2、(9.34±1.28)次、(2 102±125)元、(29.43±1.57)d及70.00%,观察组分别为(9.02±1.38)d、(10.22±1.54)cm2、(1.78±0.36)次、(1 688±101)元、(16.27±0.89)d及90.00%,两组相比,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论负压封闭引流技术(VSD)应用于骨创伤创面软组织损伤的临床治疗之中效果明显,值得推广和应用。     

Multifunctional role of osteopontin in directing intrafibrillar mineralization of collagen and activation of osteoclasts

Mineralized collagen composites are of interest because they have the potential to provide a bone-like scaffold that stimulates the natural processes of resorption and remodeling. Working towards this goal, our group has previously shown that the nanostructure of bone can be reproduced using a polymer-induced liquid-precursor (PILP) process, which enables intrafibrillar mineralization of collagen with hydroxyapatite to be achieved. This prior work used polyaspartic acid (pASP), a simple mimic for acidic non-collagenous proteins, to generate nanodroplets/nanoparticles of an amorphous mineral precursor which can infiltrate the interstices of type-I collagen fibrils. In this study we show that osteopontin (OPN) can similarly serve as a process-directing agent for the intrafibrillar mineralization of collagen, even though OPN is generally considered a mineralization inhibitor. We also found that inclusion of OPN in the mineralization process promotes the interaction of mouse marrow-derived osteoclasts with PILP-remineralized bone that was previously demineralized, as measured by actin ring formation. While osteoclast activation occurred when pASP was used as the process-directing agent, using OPN resulted in a dramatic effect on osteoclast activation, presumably because of the inherent arginine–glycine–aspartate acid ligands of OPN. By capitalizing on the multifunctionality of OPN, these studies may lead the way to producing biomimetic bone substitutes with the capability of tailorable bioresorption rates.     

游离髂骨联合腹股沟皮瓣带蒂移植修复手指背侧骨皮缺损

目的观察游离髂骨联合腹股沟皮瓣移植修复手指背侧骨皮缺损的临床效果。方法自2008年2月至2011年12月我中心收治的7例手指背侧骨皮缺损的患者,手术方案为:3例污染较轻者经急诊清创后Ⅰ期给予修复,4例感染者Ⅰ期彻底清除病灶,控制感染后,Ⅱ期行游离髂骨植骨微型接骨板内固定手指于功能位,腹股沟皮瓣修复软组织缺损。结果术后3⁴周断蒂,皮瓣全部成活;临床植骨愈合时间为8周3例,9周4例,平均8.5周;术后3个月复查全部病例均达到骨性愈合。随访104周断蒂,皮瓣全部成活;临床植骨愈合时间为8周3例,9周4例,平均8.5周;术后3个月复查全部病例均达到骨性愈合。随访10³6个月,皮瓣质地良好,外观满意,髂骨塑形良好,未出现骨髓炎、骨不愈合等情况。结论游离髂骨联合腹股沟皮瓣移植修复手指骨皮缺损是一种理想方法,简单易行,值得临床推广。     

Development of imaging probes for bone cancer in animal models. A systematic review

Bone is a dynamic tissue that is constantly remodeled throughout the lifetime to ensure the integrity of the skeleton. Primary cancer cells disseminate into circulation, often extravasating to bone, where they interact with the bone marrow to grow and proliferate, disrupting the bone homeostasis. Although primary bone tumors account for less than 0.2% of all cancers, bone is a common site for the development of metastases, as its microenvironment provides the necessary conditions for the growth and proliferation of cancer cells. Metastases to the skeletal system are observed in up to 70% of all cancer patients and the growth of disseminated tumor metastases is a major cause of mortality. As widely known, a non-invasive diagnosis of bone tumors at early stages is of great importance to provide insights that will help on the decision of therapy regimen, improving treatment outcomes. Early diagnosis of bone metastases is also an important step for establishing palliative care as they may cause serious endocrine, hematologic, neurologic and orthopedic complications as well as intolerable pain. Therefore, development of new imaging techniques, imaging moieties, and animal models to mimic these bone conditions, play an important role in improving the clinical outcome of this disease. In this review, we will briefly describe the advantages and disadvantages of the currently available imaging techniques that aim at identifying bone tumors. In addition, we will provide an update on the animal models applicable at mimicking bone tumor characteristics, as well as describe recent advances on the development of new imaging probes, in the preclinical settings including targeted nanoparticles and radiopharmaceuticals.