120例感染患者骨髓涂片细胞形态观察

目的 :探讨感染患者骨髓细胞的形态学变化。　方法 :对 12 0例确诊有感染性病症的患者进行骨髓细胞形态分析。　结果 :感染患者骨髓中网状细胞增高者占 15 % ,伴吞噬细胞增高者占 8.3% ,有异型淋巴细胞出现者占9.2 % ,浆细胞相对增高者占 14 .2 %。　结论 :部分感染患者骨髓内既有网状细胞、吞噬细胞及浆细胞的反应性增生 ,亦可伴有异型淋巴细胞的增生     

中国农村人群骨折基本情况分析

调查了中国≥50岁中老年农村人群20岁以后的骨折发生情况。共计8266人,骨折率为6.42%;其中男性3771人,骨折率为7.48%;女性4495人,骨折率为5.54%。男性显著高于女性(P<0.01)。同时分析了不同部位的骨折发生情况,其中髋部骨折率为0.68%。骨折与跌跤发生因素密切相关,为此本研究还阐述了最近一年中人群跌倒情况,其跌倒率为11.13%。其结果为人群骨折的预防提供了科学依据。     

无名异接骨冲剂对骨痂局部骨形态发生蛋白含量的影响

为探讨无名异接骨冲剂加速骨折愈合的作用机理，选用５５只新西兰大白兔，随机选择５只作为正常组；另５０只在无菌条件下造成双桡骨标准骨折模型。将５０只骨折兔随机平均分为实验组和对照组，实验组用无名异接骨冲剂每天４ｇ／ｋｇ溶于２０ｍｌ蒸馏水中分早晚两次灌胃；对照组用２０ｍｌ蒸馏水灌胃。于骨折后第１，２，３，４及５周用断颈法每次每组处死５只兔，取骨痂进行抗骨形态发生蛋白（ＢＭＰ）单克隆抗体免疫组化染色，并用ＣＭＩＡＳ型图像分析仪对ＢＭＰ含量进行定量分析。结果发现：实验组骨折局部ＢＭＰ含量明显高于正常组（Ｐ＜０．０１）；第１，２周实验组明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１）；实验组ＢＭＰ高峰出现在第２周，而对照组出现在第３周。认为，无名异接骨冲剂能促进成骨细胞合成ＢＭＰ，使ＢＭＰ峰值提前，从而加速骨折愈合。     

Histological study of effect of bone morphogenetic protein derived from bovine tooth on periosteum in rats

Summary In this study, we examined histologically the effect of a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) derived from bovine tooth on the periosteum. Supraperiosteal injection of crude BMP into femurs of Wistar rats (28 day old) resulted in periosteal cell proliferation with subsequent bone and cartilage formation. Moreover, proliferating periosteal cells migrated into injected BMP, and formed both cartilage and bone. These observations show that exogenous BMP stimulates mesenchymal cells of the periosteum to proliferate and differentiate into osteoblasts, and therefore BMP may be one of factors which are involved in differentiation of osteoblasts in the periosteum.     

Effect of cortisone on cells at the bone-marrow interface

Summary A study of the association between the rate of proliferation of marrow fibroblast-like stromal cells (in vitro) and the rate of endosteal bone mineralization (EsMR) (in vivo) was undertaken in an osteopenic rat model. We report than 200 g male rats treated with cortisone acetate (5 mg/day for 7 days) exhibit decreases in marrow fibroblast colony-forming units (FCFU) and tetracycline-based measurements of EsMR at the level of the femoral midshaft. In cortisone-treated rats recovering for 1–3 weeks, the FCFU census and EsMR normalized during the first posttreatment week, remained at control levels after 2–3 weeks, and exhibited a relapse in the third week which signified only partial recovery. These changes were unrelated to patterns of body weight gain. The data indicate that the FCFU census can serve to index endosteal osteoblast vigor.     

Electron microscopy of developing calvaria reveals images that suggest that osteoclasts engulf and destroy osteocytes during bone resorption

Summary It is generally accepted that osteoclasts are responsible for the breakdown and removal of bone matrix constituents. However, very little is known about the fate of osteocytes during bone resorption. In the present study we have examined sites of bone destruction in calvaria of young rats aged 4–9 days in the hope of obtaining information on the fate of osteocytes. Decalcified glutaraldehyde-formaldehyde-fixed specimens were prepared for ultrathin section electron microscopy. When sequentially arranged, the images obtained suggest that osteoclasts engulf and destroy osteocytes during bone degradation. We propose that the following sequence of events takes place when a lacuna is opened up by an osteoclast: (1) When the osteoclast comes in contact with an osteocyte, the villi of the ruffled border become flat and broad. (2) Long osteoclastic extensions surround the osteocyte. (3) The osteocyte is subsequently internalized with apparent degradation.     

Osteoporosis and Coronary Atherosclerosis in Asymptomatic Postmenopausal Women

Estrogen deficiency is a risk factor for osteoporosis and coronary artery disease. Osteoporosis can be evaluated by measuring bone mineral density (BMD). Coronary atherosclerotic burden can be evaluated by measuring coronary calcium using electron beam computed tomography (EBT) of the heart. We compared coronary calcium scores in 45 asymptomatic postmenopausal women with normal and low BMD. BMD of the lumbar spine and proximal femur was measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and coronary calcium was measured quantitatively by EBT. Women were divided into control, osteopenia, and osteoporosis groups based on the T score of the lumbar spine. Women were similar in age, years since menopause, height, weight, and body mass index (BMI). BMD ± SD (g/cm²) of L1–L4 was 0.96 ± 0.11, 0.83 ± 0.03, and 0.73 ± 0.05, in control, osteopenia, and osteoporosis group, respectively. The total coronary calcium score ± SD (relative units) was 41.9 ± 83.1, 115.1 ± 181.9, and 221.7 ± 355.4 for control, osteopenia, and osteoporosis group, respectively; the score was significantly higher in the osteoporosis than in the control group. This study provides initial data suggesting that women with osteoporosis may have a higher risk of developing coronary atherosclerosis.     

小儿先天性髋关节脱位近年来应用术式的演变及其评估

本文介绍本院近４年来小儿先天性髋脱位治疗应用术式的演变。由２０多年来一直喜欢用骨盆截骨术演变为近１年来用得最多的是造盖术。近４年共手术４６３例，５６５髋。实践证明：比起骨盆截骨术，造盖术显得更简便，侵袭小，不需二次手术拔除内固定针。因在我国大龄髋脱位偏多，造盖术更适合我国国情。经过一些改进，可以克服造盖折断和吸收问题。     

Utilisation des implants biodégradables dans le traitement chirurgical des fractures et au cours des ostéotomies

Résumé L'utilisation de matériaux d'ostéosynthèse biodégradables a l'avantage d'éviter la réintervention pour extraire le matériel. Les biomatériaux de polymères polyglycolides ont été expérimentés sur plus de 3 600 animaux de laboratoire avant leur introduction en pratique clinique. Depuis 1984 nous les avons utilisés comme matériau d'ostéosynthèse dans près de 1 700 cas parmi lesquels 880 cas de fracture malléolaire, 226 cas d'ostéotomie en chevron pour hallux valgus, 65 cas de fracture de la tête radiale et 54 cas de fracture de l'olécrane. Parmi les 800 premiers cas traités par broches biodégradables nous avons obtenu des résultats favorables et sans incidents dans 91 pour cent des cas. Il y eut 7 cas de fixation défaillante nécessitant une réintervention. Il y a eu 7 cas d'infection superficielle et 3 cas d'infection profonde. Nous avons observé la formation d'une collection séreuse sous-cutanée sans influence sur le résultat radiologique ou clinique dans 52 cas (6,5 %). Au vue de ces résultats et compte tenu des avantages économiques et psychologiques des matériaux biodégradables (pas de réintervention), on peut penser que l'usage de biomatériaux rivalise favorablement avec l'usage de matériaux conventionnels dans certains types d'ostéosynthèse.

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Utilization of biodegradable implants in the surgical treatment of fractures and osteotomies

Summary The utilization of biodegradable implants instead of metals in orthopaedic surgery abolishes the need to remove the fixation material. For this study biodegradable rods and screws of self-reinforced polyglycolide, polylactide and lactide-glycolide copolymer were developed and manufactured. The clinical introduction of these implants was preceded by thorough experimental studies with 3 600 animals. From November 1984 the developed biodegradable method of osteofixation was used in 1 700 operations. These included 880 displaced malleolar fractures, 226 chevron-osteotomy for hallux valgus, 65 displaced fracture of the radial head, 54 displaced frature of the olecranon and other fresh fractures or orthopaedic operations. In the first 800 cases operated on using self-reinforced polyglycolide rods the postoperative course was uneventful (91%). Because of failure in the fixation reoperation was needed in 7 cases. A superficial wound infection was observed in 7 cases, deep infection in 3 and transient fluid accumulation in 52 cases (6,5%). Fluid accumulation did not influence the radiological or clinical end-result. The advantages of biodegradable fixation are many-sided. There is a costbenefit and clinical capacity is free for other use, and psychological advantages must be emphasised because removal of implants is not needed. The over all results of this study were considered favourable.

     

Expression of gelatinases within the trabecular bone compartment of ovariectomized and parathyroidectomized adult female rats

Ovariectomized (ovx) and parathyroidectomized (ptx) rat models of disturbed bone metabolism have been widely used in evaluating bone changes resulting from hormonal depletion, and are characterized by elevated and depressed bone turnover, respectively. We report here the expression of gelatinases extracted from native trabecular bone in these models. Nine-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were sacrificed after 3 weeks following ovx or 10 days post ptx to determine the influence of these procedures on the levels of proximal tibial bone tissue gelatinases. Identification and quantitation of these enzymes were performed via gelatin gel zymography of native tissue extracts and laser densitometry of developed gels, respectively. In the ptx model, a reduction in tissue levels of pro- and active-MMP-2 and 45 kDa activated fragment was seen, whereas ovx exhibited significant increases in these enzymes. The MMPs are therefore clearly under the influence of factors known to modulate bone remodeling in vivo. The study of MMP levels directly extracted from bone using these experimental models may assist in developing management regimes for metabolic bone diseases through the use of drugs aimed at controlling turnover.