High-dose contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) with iopamidol in the detection of cerebral metastases

Summary Intravenously admistered iodinated contrast media have been demostrated, since early experience with computed tomography of the brain, to improve clinical value of the procedure for detecting intracranial lesions. There is no universal agreement about the amount and the method of administration of the contrast medium. Many authors maintain that the use of large doses gives better results for the diagnosis of tumors and metastases. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the tolerance of iopamidol administered by rapid intravenous infusion in a large number of patients undergoing contrast enhanced computed tomography to detect brain metastases. The authors examined 969 consecutive adult patients suffering from lung cancer, brain metastases have been detected in 17% of cases. Adverse reactions to contrast media occurred in 3 patients. Non ionic contrast media are recommended in this diagnostic procedure.     

“津血同源”“肾为唾”的研究

以23例肾功能不全与20例肾功正常患者的唾液尿素氮、钠、钾、舌面pH值和血液的相应生化检查作对照。结果唾液尿素氮、钾与血尿素氮、钾成正相关性。证实了中医“津血同源”“肾为唾”的理论。     

胰腺癌病人肠道通透性改变及其与机体组成的关系

目的:观察胰腺癌病人肠道通透性与机体组成的改变,并初步探讨两者间的关系.方法:以前瞻、随机和对照的方法,选取确诊胰腺癌首次入院的病人及健康志愿者各15例,作为试验组和对照组,测定尿乳果糖/甘露醇(L/M)比值、血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和机体组成成分,并对试验组的肠道通透性L/M比值与血清TNF-α水平、机体组成之间的相关性进行分析.结果:①试验组尿L/M比值为0.331±0.343显著高于对照组0.129±0.136(P《0.05);血清TNF-α水平显著高于对照组(P《0.05).②试验组肌肉群重量显著低于对照组(P《0.05)、蛋白质重量极显著低于对照组(P《0.01)、而脂肪、水分、无机盐重量略轻于对照组,两组间差异无显著性意义.③试验组尿L/M比值与血清TNF-α水平呈极显著性正相关(P《0.01);尿L/M比值与蛋白质、脂肪呈极显著性负相关(P《0.01),与水分呈极显著性正相关(P《0.01);而试验组血清TNF-α浓度与蛋白质、脂肪呈极显著性负相关(P《0.01)、与水分呈极显著性正相关(P《0.01).结论:胰腺癌病人肠道的通透性增加,机体组成有显著改变,两者间密切相关.这可能与血清TNF-α水平的升高有关.     

新疆核试验场周围土壤中90Sr137Cs水平

用放射化学分析方法,对新疆核试验场周围10个调查区和远离核试验场位于上风向的5个对照区采取的土壤样品进行了⁹⁰Sr、¹³⁷Cs分析测定。核试验场周围调查区土壤中⁹⁰Sr累积平均沉降量为1.5×10³Bqm^-2,¹³⁷Cs为4.9×10³Bqm^-2;对照区⁹⁰Sr累积平均沉降量为1.3×10³Bqm^-2,¹³⁷Cs为3.9×10³Bqm^-2。调查区和对照区表层土壤中州⁹⁰Sr,¹³⁷Cs放射性平均水平无显著性差异。通过估算得出了调查区⁹⁰Sr、¹³⁷Cs对居民产生约定有效剂量当量分别为78.3μSv(集体剂量当量负担为23.9人·sv)和270μSv(集体剂量当量负担为82.3人·sv),对照区分别为70.5μSv,(集体剂量当量负担为14.1人·sv)和220μSv(集体剂量当量负担为14.1人·sv)。两个地区居民受到来自核试验产生的⁹⁰Sr和¹³⁷Cs给予人体的内照射剂量当量负担基本上是一样的。可认为⁹⁰Sr、¹³⁷Cs对新疆核试验场周围没有造成严重的局部污染。对居民的身体健康不致于产生不良影响。     

模拟调强技术照射鼻咽低分化鳞癌细胞的生物效应机制研究

Objective To study the altered radiobiological effect of simulative intensity-modulated radiotherapy (SIMR) in cultured human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells and the related mechanism. Methods Single cell suspension of exponentially growing CNE-2 cells, a poor differentiated NPC cell line, was seeded and cultured for 12 hours, then the cells were irradiated in two different models by 6 MV X-ray beams at 3 Gy/min. In single fraction irradiation (SFR) model, cells were irradiated a single fraction of 0, 2, 4, 6 or 8 Gy within 0 to 3 minutes. In S1MR model, cells were irradiated 0, 2, 4, 6 or 8 Gy in 5 frac-tions with interval of 8.0-8.5 minutes between. Clonogenic assay was performed to determine the radiosen-sitivity. Cellular apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry. RT-PCR was used to detect mRNA expressions of Bax and Bcl-2, Respectively. Results Compared with SFR group, the survival fraction in SIMR group was higher at all the dose levels. The values of α, β, D0 and Dq were higher in SIMR group than in SFR group. At dose levels of 2 Gy, 4 Gy and 6 Gy, The early and late apoptotic cells in SIMR group were lower than in SFR group (21.20%: 15.89%, F=18.51, P=0.020;13.00%: 10.20, F=15.67, P=0.040).The mRNA expression of Bax was upregulated in a dose-dependent manner in the both groups. Compared with SFR group, the mRNA expression of Bax in SIMR group was lower at all the dose levels (Mean value of 76.75% : 62.50%, F =36.57, P =0.000). Bcl-2 mRNA expression at every dose level had no significant difference between the two groups (Mean value of 29.25% : 29.75%, F=0.74, P=0.800). Conclusions Prolonged delivery time in SIMR model can decrease the radiobiological effects.     

5～14岁男性体格发育水平与性器官发育关系的研究

目的：探讨男性青少年体格发育水平与性器官发育关系。方法：收集4854例5—14岁男性青少年的身高、体重并计算出体质指数，测量阴茎的长度、周长和睾丸的纵径、横径，观察二者之间的关系。结果与结论：身高与阴茎的长度、周长和睾丸的纵径均呈二次方程曲线关联，而与睾丸横径无明显关联。体重和体质指数与阴茎有长度、周长和睾丸的纵径、横径无明显关联。     

安氟醚吸入与预注爱肌松对其肌松时效的影响

单次静注爱肌松（０．３ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１，对照组）于３．１７±０．８１分钟（ｘ±ｓ）可获得满意的气管插管条件。预注组（１０例）首次量０．２７ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１于预注剂量（０．０３ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１）后５分钟给予，可使爱肌松的起效时间缩短至０．９３±０．１７分钟（Ｐ＜０．００１），ＴＯＦ无反应期、２５％和９０％恢复时间两组无显著差别（Ｐ＞０．２５）。全部病例均获得了良好的气管插管条件，预注的优点还在于能评估患者对所选用非去极化肌松药的敏感性。预往后ＴＯＦ肌电图Ｔ１抑制＞１０％较无明显ＴＯＦ抑制者肌松恢复时间显著延长（Ｐ＜０．０５）。同时发现吸入安氟醚可使爱肌松作用时效延长。     

放射性碘在大鼠甲状腺内的滞留模式及剂量估算

为确定放射性碘在甲状腺内滞留模式，观察甲状腺吸收放射性碘后的生物效应，进而评价其辐射危害。方法利用活体测量方法，直接测量两个不同年龄组大鼠甲状腺内１３１Ⅰ的代谢参数。对测量数据进行处理后得到了大鼠甲状腺内１３１Ⅰ的滞留函数为三指数项函数。结果利用所得三指数项滞留函数的准确方法进行剂量估算，所得的两组动物的甲状腺平均累积吸收剂量分别为７．７Ｇｙ和１１．５Ｇｙ，而一般方法算得的大鼠甲状腺的平均累积吸收剂量比用准确方法高估了６６％～９１％。结论由于准确方法考虑到影响估算甲状腺所受剂量的一些因素，故可相对准确地反映了１３１Ⅰ所致不同年龄大鼠甲状腺的吸收剂量。     

工业X射线探伤防护剂量水平的研究

本文介绍了用实验方法研究不同管电压, 钢板厚度与散射线之间的关系.结果表明, 透射比随管电压升高而增加, 并随钢板厚度增加而下降；散射比随散射角的增大而逐渐下降, 至180°时为最低值。此研究为X射线探伤作业的辐射防护提供了依据。     

不同针刺手法调节体温效应机制研究概况

目的:介绍近年不同的针刺手法对体表温度调节效应的研究,并探讨其产生体温效应的机制。方法:从临床研究、实验研究等方面进行综述。结论:针刺穴位的作用及其疗效,随着手法引起的温度变化而不同,针刺补法引起体温升高,而泻法则引起体温下降。体表温度是由血液循环状态、交感神经兴奋程度和组织新陈代谢状态等多方面决定的,不同的针刺手法引起的皮肤温度变化与影响上述3个环节状态有关。