心律平控释小丸的制备及其释放度测定

对心律平拄释小丸的处方和工艺进行了研究，其体外溶出度实验表明，该控释小丸在体外可维持１２小时内控速释放药物。     

5-氨基水杨酸结肠定位微丸丸芯的制备

[目的]制备治疗炎症性肠病的5-氨基水杨酸双层包衣微丸的丸芯。[方法]采用挤出-滚圆技术制备丸芯,考察丸芯的最大载药量;考察崩解剂(CMS-Na)对药物溶出速度的影响,考察润湿剂(不同浓度乙醇)对丸芯硬度、药物溶出速度和丸芯脆碎度的影响。[结果]平衡对工艺有利;滚圆载量和滚圆时间需要控制在一定范围内;最大载药量为75%(w/w);崩解剂在处方中的最大含量为4%(w/w),崩解剂含量越高,药物溶出速度越快;乙醇浓度越高,丸芯硬度越低,药物溶出速度越快,物料/润湿剂中水(质量比)需要在维持在1.6左右,才能使挤出工艺顺利进行;乙醇浓度越高,丸芯脆碎度越大。[结论]应用本实验中确定的处方和工艺参数制备出的丸芯表面光滑、坚硬,圆整度良好,能够进行下一步的流化床包衣。     

牛珀至宝微丸对内毒素休克肺组织核转录因子-κB表达的调控

目的观察牛珀至宝微丸对内毒素休克肺损伤时核转录因子-κB表达的影响。方法静脉注射内毒素(LPS)1.5mg/kg、腹腔注射D-氨基半乳糖(D-GalN)100mg/kg造成内毒素休克模型,用牛珀至宝微丸作预治疗处理,免疫组化方法检测NF-κB在肺组织内的表达。结果LPS组阳性表达部位在细胞核,牛珀至宝微丸组表达部位主要在细胞质。牛珀至宝微丸降低NF-κB表达,肺损伤减轻。结论证实牛珀至宝微丸能降低内毒素休克时肺组织NF-κB表达,改变其表达部位,提示牛珀至宝微丸对内毒素休克造成的肺损伤的保护作用可能是通过调控肺组织NF-κB而产生的。     

Characterization of Mixed Pellets Made from Rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis) and Refuse-Derived Fuel (RDF) Waste as Pellet Fuel

The objective of this study was to investigate the production and properties of mixed pellets made from rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg) and refuse-derived fuel (RDF) waste with no added binder. Three different conditions of mixed pellets were developed to compare their chemical and physical properties to rubberwood pellets. The produced samples were subjected to both ultimate and proximate analyses. The contents of C, H, N, S, and Cl significantly increased with the increasing amount of refuse-derived fuel in the samples, resulting in reduction of the volatile matter. The mechanical durability of the pellet samples ranged between an average value of 98 and 99%. Mixed pellets containing 50% of rubberwood and 50% of refuse-derived fuel have improved heating values by 22.21% compared to rubberwood pellets. Moreover, mixed pellets having 50% of wood and 50% of refuse-derived fuel had the highest density and the highest energy compared to the other samples. Based on the findings of this study, it appears that the manufactured mixed pellets have the potential to be used as high-energy fuel.     

利胆清微丸治疗慢性胆囊炎湿热蕴结兼血瘀证临床研究

目的 观察利胆清微丸治疗慢性胆囊炎湿热蕴结兼血瘀证患者的疗效及安全性,进一步为临床研究提供依据.方法 2001年4-7月,采用双盲、双模拟、随机平行对照临床试验,将40例患者随机分为试验组(20例)及对照组(20例).试验组服用利胆清微丸3.5g/次,3次/d,同时服用胆宁片模拟剂;对照组服用胆宁片3片/次,3次/d,...     

稳心颗粒治疗心律失常的疗效观察

目的观察稳心颗粒治疗心律失常的临床疗效及不良反应。方法选择80例心律失常的病人,口服稳心颗粒1袋(9g)/次,3次/d,4周为1个疗程。结果临床症状改善总有效率91.25%,心电图改善总有效率83.75%。结论稳心颗粒治疗心律失常的疗效较好且安全。     

Air-gun pellet injuries to the head and neck in children

Air-gun pellet injuries to the head and neck are seldom reported in pediatric practice, although they typically occur in children. The adult skeleton stops these projectiles, but they can easily transverse the thin bones of children. If unnoticed, these apparently trivial injuries may have catastrophic consequences. We report three children who sustained a central nervous system injury resulting from a shot by a compressed-air gun. The true nature and extent of the lesion in two infants was established only by neuroradiological investigations. We also briefly review the management and prevention of this type of injury. Accepted: 16 February 2001     

Advantages of delaying the onset of rehabilitative reaching training in rats with incomplete spinal cord injury

We have previously reported that rehabilitative reaching training initiated 4 days following an incomplete cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) in adult rats promotes plasticity and task-specific recovery. This training, however, also resulted in impairments in an untrained task. Here we examined whether delaying the rehabilitative training following cervical SCI is still effective in promoting task-specific recovery, but circumvents impairments in an untrained task, comparable to what has been reported in stroke models. Therefore, reaching training for a period of 6 weeks was initiated at Day 12 following a cervical dorso-lateral quadrant lesion. Thereupon the rats' ability to reach and to walk on a horizontal ladder (i.e. the untrained task) was assessed, and 8 weeks post-injury cortical map changes were investigated through microstimulation. Further, we examined changes in phospho protein kinase A (pPKA) levels following an immediate and a delayed onset of reaching training in rats with cervical SCI. We found that delayed rehabilitative training was comparably effective as immediate training in promoting task-specific recovery and sprouting of injured axons. Importantly, delayed training did not impair the performance on horizontal ladder walking. Strikingly, only delayed reaching training restored cortical PKA levels that had dropped significantly over 2 weeks post-injury. Additionally, delayed training did not influence cortical map changes following injury, but decreased white matter damage. In conclusion, our results show that a short delay in the onset of training in a forelimb task significantly alters our outcome measures, which should be considered in future rehabilitative approaches.     

基于效应面法优化酒石酸美托洛尔择时释药微丸处方

目的 制备酒石酸美托洛尔择时释药微丸。方法 根据溶胀-爆破原理,以交联羧甲基纤维素钠为溶胀层材料、乙基纤维素为控释层材料,采用流化床底喷技术制备酒石酸美托洛尔择时释药微丸;采用Box-Behnken效应面法以时滞时间及时滞后药物释放度为考察指标优化其处方。结果 溶胀层、控释层的厚度及致孔剂的用量对微丸的时滞和释药速率均有显著影响。按最优处方制备的微丸,其体外释药时滞为4 h,时滞后2 h累积释药量>85%。结论 效应面优化处方所制备的酒石酸美托洛尔择时释药微丸达到预期的择时释药目的。     

白头翁总皂苷-羟丙基-β-环糊精包合物结肠靶向微丸的制备

目的：制备白头翁总皂苷结肠靶向微丸。方法：采用水溶液-搅拌法制备白头翁总皂苷-羟丙基-β-环糊精包合物,再以制粒-滚圆法制备微丸,利用Glatt流化床进行包衣。结果：白头翁总皂苷微丸2 h溶出度为16.0%,而包合物微丸0.5 h溶出度达91.9%。以Eudragit S100为包衣材料、TEC为增塑剂、滑石粉为抗黏剂、包衣增重为12%时,包衣效率高,几乎无黏结现象,包衣微丸在人工胃液中2 h几乎无药物释放,人工小肠液4 h药物累积释放度小于15%,人工结肠液4 h药物累积释放度大于90%。结论：白头翁总皂苷-羟丙基-β-环糊精包合物包衣微丸具有良好的体外结肠靶向释药特征,可进一步研制成口服结肠靶向制剂。