黄疸茵陈颗粒防治新生儿黄疸80例临床观察

目的：探讨黄疸茵陈颗粒早期预防干预治疗新生儿黄疸的疗效.方法：生后当日起即用经皮黄疸仪监测测定胆红素值,观察黄疸情况,据经皮黄疸指数决定是否用药,如大于9mg/dl,对照组观察口服苯巴比妥钠,尼可刹米;治疗组用黄疸茵陈颗粒.药物组成：菌陈.大黄,黄芩,甘草.每袋10g开水冲服,每日服0.5-1袋.每次1-2g,每日3-5次.对照组观察口服苯巴比妥钠5mg/kg/日;2-3次/日,尼可刹米100mg/kg/日,3次/日.结论：黄疸茵陈颗粒早期预防干预治疗新生儿黄疸,中医药治疗新生儿黄疸较西药治疗血清胆红素水平下降速度快,皮肤黄疸消退时间短,可缩短病程.     

萆薢分清饮加味治疗前列腺增生40例临床观察

目的观察萆薢分清饮加味对前列腺增生患者前列腺症状评分（I-PSS）、生活质量指数（QoL）、前列腺体积、最大尿流率（Qmax）及膀胱残余尿量（R）的影响及临床疗效。方法将80例前列腺增生患者随机分为2组,治疗组40例予萆薢分清饮加味治疗,对照组40例予盐酸坦索罗辛缓释胶囊口服治疗,2组均1个月为1个疗程,3个月后观察2组治疗前后I-PSS、QoL、前列腺体积、Qmax及膀胱残余尿量变化情况,统计临床疗效。结果治疗组总有效率82.5%,对照组总有效率72.5%,2组总有效率比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,疗效相当。2组治疗后I-PSS、QoL、R与本组治疗前比较均明显下降（P〈0.01）,Qmax升高（P〈0.01）,且2组治疗后比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。2组治疗前后前列腺体积均无明显变化（P〉0.05）。2组均无不良反应。结论萆薢分清饮加味可明显改善前列腺增生患者临床症状及生活质量,提高Qmax,减少膀胱残余尿量,无副作用。     

酒石酸美托洛尔延迟起释缓释微丸的制备

目的制备酒石酸美托洛尔延迟起释缓释微丸;研究该制剂的体外释放影响因素。方法采用挤出滚圆法制备含药丸芯,以丙烯酸树脂(Eudragit NE 30D)为内层包衣材料,乙基纤维素与丙烯酸树脂(Eudragit L100)的混合膜材为外层包衣材料制备延迟起释缓释微丸。通过改变内层包衣质量增加、外层包衣质量增加及外层包衣液中乙基纤维素与Eudragit L 100的质量比来达到一定时滞后缓慢释放药物的目的。考察了处方因素和溶出条件对体外释放度的影响。结果制得时滞为4 h,4、6、10、14 h的累积释放量分别为<10%、20%~35%、50%~70%、≥75%的延迟起释缓释微丸。结论内层包衣质量增加、外层包衣液中乙基纤维素与Eudragit L100的比例及外层包衣质量增加对延迟起释缓释微丸的释药时滞和释药速率具有显著影响,药物的体外释放情况不受溶出转速和溶出装置的影响。     

Penetrated sigmoid colon by air gun pellet could be life threatening: A case report

INTRODUCTION

Air and paintball guns have been in existence for over 400 year. Although serious injury or death can result from the use of such guns, previous literature has not mentioned the issue of the penetration of the sigmoid colon by an air gun pellet.

PRESENTATION OF CASE

We report a rare case of a 44-year-old Caucasian woman referred to abdominal surgery after an accidental small wound had occurred in the lower left abdominal quadrant that was caused by an air gun pellet. The blood and biochemical analyses were normal but the CT scan revealed the presence of a foreign body – an air gun pellet in the left iliac region of the abdomen. Clinically, during the initial 24 h significant changes were not noticed. After 42 h, however, pain and local tenderness in the lower left abdominal quadrant was expressed. A laparotomy revealed a retained pellet in the wall of the sigmoid colon and a small leak with colonic content with consecutive local peritonitis also occurred. The foreign body was removed and the opening edges in the colon were excised and closed with the primary suture.

DISCUSSION

The hollow organs of the digestive tract, albeit very rarely penetrated by an air gun pellet, do not typically show all signs of an acute abdomen in the early posttraumatic phase. Such injuries can lead to a pronounced infection, which may cause septic shock if not appropriately treated.

CONCLUSION

For correct diagnosis, a careful approach and several daily clinical observations are required.     

浅谈中成药再配伍治疗的可行性及意义

目的：探讨临床上应用中成药再配伍治疗疾病的方法的可行性,及在临床应用中的推广对中医药发展的意义。方法：以中医理论基础为指导,在诊断明确的前提下,应用中成药再配伍的方法对临床常见病多发病进行探索性治疗。结果：中成药再配伍在临床上对一些常见病多发病的治疗效果较为满意。结论：中成药再配伍在临床上有广阔的发展空间,且有很大的社会效益。     

玳玳黄酮自微乳化微丸在大鼠体内的生物利用度研究

 目的 建立HPLC同时测定大鼠血浆中柚皮苷和新橙皮苷含量的方法,研究玳玳黄酮自微乳化微丸在大鼠体内的药物动力学和相对生物利用度。 方法 将随机分组的大鼠分别灌胃给药玳玳黄酮自微乳化微丸液及玳玳黄酮有效部位混悬液,剂量120 mg·kg^-1（按玳玳总黄酮含量计）,分别于0.083,0.167,0.333,0.5,0.667,1,2、4、6、8、10、12和24 h取血。采用HPLC同时测定血浆样品中柚皮苷和新橙皮苷的浓度,运用DAS 3.0药动学程序计算药动学参数。 结果 比较口服玳玳黄酮自微乳化微丸及玳玳黄酮有效部位混悬液的药动学参数,柚皮苷AUC_0-24分别为（17.710±6.588）和（9.139±1.982）mg·h·L^-1,ρ_max分别为（4.816±1.329）和（1.575±0.324） mg·L^-1,t_max分别为（0.611±0.086）和（0.917±0.204）h,t_1/2分别为（13.078±6.382）和（11.678±6.919）h,新橙皮苷AUC_0-24分别为（18.094±4.892）和（10.961±2.276）mg·h·L^-1,ρ_max分别为（5.657±1.391）和（2.096±0.512）mg·L^-1,t_max分别为（0.583±0.091）和（0.806±0.222）h,t_1/2分别为（14.606±7.562）和（10.985±6.963）h。以玳玳黄酮有效部位混悬液为参比,玳玳黄酮自微乳化微丸中柚皮苷和新橙皮苷的相对生物利用度分别为193.78% 和165.08%。 结论 玳玳黄酮研制成玳玳黄酮自微乳化微丸制剂能提高其口服生物利用度和改善其药剂学性质。     

Correlation between colonic secretion and colonic motility in rats: Role of ghrelin

AIM To explore the relationship between colonic secretory function and colonic motility.METHODS Using a rat model chronically implanted with intracerebroventricular(ICV) and cecal catheters, we validated the correlation between colonic secretion and colonic motor functions, as well as the role of ICV injection volume.RESULTS Compared to saline controls(5 μL/rat), ICV acyl ghrelin at 1 nmol/5 μL enhanced the total fecal weight, accelerated the colonic transit time, and increased the fecal pellet output during the first hour post-injection, while ICV des-acyl ghrelin at 1 nmol/5 μL only accelerated the colonic transit time. These stimulatory effects on colonic motility and/or secretion from acyl ghrelin and des-acyl ghrelin disappeared when the ICV injection volume increased to 10 μL compared with saline controls(10 μL/rat). Additionally, the ICV injection of 10 μL of saline significantly shortened the colonic transit time compared with the ICV injection of 5 μL of saline. The total fecal weight during the first hour post-injection correlated with the colonic transit time and fecal pellet output after the ICV injection of acyl ghrelin(1 nmol/5 μL), whereas the total fecal weight during the first hour post-injection correlated with the fecal pellet output but not the colonic transit time after the ICV injection of des-acyl ghrelin(1 nmol/5 μL).CONCLUSION Colonic secretion does not always correlate with colonic motility in response to different colonic stimulations. Acyl ghrelin stimulates colonic secretion.     

组分中药应重视制剂学方面的研究

限于古代科学技术发展水平,传统中药复方只能以丸、散、膏、丹等传统剂型形式表现;当前多组分中药的研究已成为中医药发展的主要方向之一,但其制剂成药性的研究往往被忽视.该文在提出了多组分中药研究应注意与中医药理论融合及其成药性评价2个关键难点问题的基础上,提出了组分中药理化性质的表征及其与成型工艺相关性、基于方-证-剂对应思想的调释微丸制备技术、基于集合数学模型的调释微丸组分释放评价技术等多组分中药制剂学研究可采用的研究方法与技术.     

玉屏风颗粒加减联合火针疗法治疗扁平疣76例疗效观察

目的：探求新形势下扁平疣的中医特色疗法。方法：对76例扁平疣患者,内服采用玉屏风颗粒为主药配合中药配方颗粒加减,玉屏风颗粒每次1包,中药配方颗粒根据患者临床表现,采用辨证论治的方法随症加减,3次/d,10d为1个疗程,停药3d后再服1个疗程,共2个疗程;外治用火针疗法,用毫针在酒精灯火焰上烧红后直接烙刺皮损,根据皮损多少及患者依从性分1～4次刺完,每次间隔1～2d。结果：76例患者全部治愈,随访6个月,4例轻度复发（占5.26%）,未发现明显毒副作用及不良反应。结论：本组治疗两法合用、内外兼治、疗效确切、疗程较短、无明显毒副作用及不良反应（患者依从性好）、复发率低、简单方便（符合新形势下人们快节奏生活的要求）、不失为新形势下的中医特色疗法,值得临床推广应用。     

瘤果黑种草子总黄酮抗炎及平喘作用

目的：观察瘤果黑种草子总黄酮（TFNG）的抗炎及平喘作用。方法：选择昆明种小鼠、SD大鼠及健康豚鼠为实验动物,随机分为生理盐水组、阳性药对照组、TFNG低、高剂量组（小鼠100,400 mg·kg^-1,大鼠71.5,286 mg·kg^-1）。采用二甲苯致小鼠耳 廓肿胀、大鼠棉球肉芽肿实验观察总黄酮抗炎作用;采用整体动物小鼠喷雾致喘实验、离体豚鼠肺支气管灌流实验及离体回肠实验考察总黄酮的平喘作用。结果：TFNG 100,400 mg·kg^-1可明显抑制小鼠二甲苯所致的耳廓肿胀度,TFNG 71.5,286 mg·kg^-1可抑制大鼠棉球肉芽肿（P<0.01）;TFNG 100,400 mg·kg^-1可明显延长小鼠哮喘反应的潜伏期（P<0.01）;TFNG 3,6,12 g·L^-1可明显增加豚鼠肺灌流量,降低豚鼠回肠平滑肌收缩张力（P<0.01）。结论：瘤果黑种草子总黄酮具有一定的抗炎及平喘作用。