自拟祛瘀化癥汤保留灌肠治疗慢性盆腔炎的疗效观察

[目的]观察自拟祛瘀化癥汤保留灌肠治疗慢性盆腔炎的疗效.[方法]将80例慢性盆腔炎病人随机分为对照组和观察组,每组40例,对照组口服桂枝茯苓丸,观察组采用自拟祛瘀化癥汤保留灌肠.比较两组病人治疗效果及观察组病人治疗前后症候积分情况.[结果]观察组总有效率为87.5%,对照组为47.5%,观察组总有效率高于对照组(P＜0.05);观察组病人治疗后痛经症状、伴随症状和局部体征积分均较治疗前改善(P＜0.05).[结论]自拟祛瘀化癥汤保留灌肠治疗慢性盆腔炎效果优于口服桂枝茯苓丸.     

Rehabilitative training following unilateral pyramidotomy in adult rats improves forelimb function in a non-task-specific way

Spontaneous functional recovery following injury to the adult central nervous system can be enhanced with increased and focused activity, either through altered behaviour (skill learning, exercise or training) or by artificial stimulation (magnetic or electrical). In terms of training, the choice of paradigm plays a key role in the recovered behaviour. Here we show that task-specific training leads to improved forelimb function that can be translated to a novel forelimb task. Adult Long–Evans rats received a unilateral pyramidotomy and we studied the effects of different post-lesion training paradigms for their ability to recover function in the impaired limb. We trained rats on either the single pellet grasping or the horizontal ladder task. Rats were tested on both tasks regardless of the training paradigm and also on a related, but novel forelimb task, the Staircase. Horizontal ladder training led to full recovery of this task, and also limited recovery on the familiar but untrained single pellet grasping task. In comparison, single pellet grasping training led to a smaller improvement on the horizontal ladder, but interestingly the same degree of recovery on the single pellet grasping task as horizontal ladder trained animals. Both training groups performed equally well on a novel, untrained forelimb grasping task. These results show that task-specific forelimb training can lead to functional recovery also in non-trained, complex, forelimb movements. Anatomically, only single pellet grasping training was associated with enhanced sprouting of the intact corticospinal tract across the cervical spinal cord midline to innervate the denervated side of the spinal cord.     

挤出滚圆法制备克拉霉素微丸的处方工艺研究

目的应用挤出滚圆法制备克拉霉素微丸,研究微丸制备的最佳工艺和处方。方法采用挤出滚圆造粒机制备克拉霉素微丸;采用单因素考察和正交设计筛选最优化处方及工艺条件;评价了微丸的粉体学性质、收率和体外溶出度。结果用挤出滚圆法制备的克拉霉素微丸在30min内体外溶出均达80%以上,且圆整度好,收率高。结论挤出滚圆法制备克拉霉素微丸工艺简便易行,制得的微丸质量好,收率高,体外释药迅速。     

Serum concentrations of 17β‐estradiol in ovariectomized rats during two times six weeks crossover treatment by daily injections in comparison with slow‐release pellets

Estrogens exert widespread biological functions that reach far beyond their well‐known role in reproduction. Exogenous administration of 17β‐estradiol to ovariectomized experimental animals is of the utmost importance in elucidating its mechanisms of action. In the present study, we compared two different modes of exogenous administration of 17β‐estradiol to ovariectomized rats in relation to the serum 17β‐estradiol concentrations over prolonged periods of time. 17β‐estradiol was administered either by slow‐release pellets (Innovative Research of America, Sarasota, Fl. 34236, USA, 90‐day release, NHH‐115, 1.5?mg) or by daily subcutaneous injections of 15?µg 17β‐estradiol dissolved in sesame oil. After 6 weeks, the mode of administration of estradiol was changed to the opposite method and continued for a further 6 weeks. Blood samples for measurement of serum 17β‐estradiol were taken every second week. After 2 weeks, the serum concentrations of 17β‐estradiol in group A initially receiving the pellets were 73 % higher (p<0.001) compared to those of group B receiving daily injections. The difference was even more prominent, 580 % (p<0.001), after 4 weeks. Steady state was reached at week 6 in group A, but already by week 4 in group B. Once steady state was reached, the concentrations were the same in both groups for the remainder of the experiment (12 weeks in total). Our study indicates that steady‐state concentrations of 17β‐estradiol occur 5–6 weeks later than the 48?h the manufacturer of the slow‐release pellets claims.     

First paleoparasitological record of acanthocephalan eggs from Northwestern Patagonia (Late Holocene,Argentina)

Eggs representative of an acanthocephalan were found in an ancient fragment of raptor pellet, probably belonged to the barn owl, Tyto alba, from the archeological site named “Epullán Chica cave.” This site is a cave located at the southern of Neuquén Province, Patagonia, Argentina. The fragment of pellet was found in a layer with charcoals dated at 1980 ± 80 years B.P. A total of 56 eggs were found. Eggs were brown colored and thick-shelled, and presented four membranes, the outer lightly sculpted. The embryos presented hooks in one extremity. Measurements ranged from 87.5 to 107.5 μm long and 50 to 57.5 μm wide. Eggs were very well-preserved, and were identified as belonged to Class Archiacanthocephala, Order Oligacanthorhynchida, Family Oligacanthorhynchidae, probably Macracanthorhynchus Travassos, 1917, or an unidentified species. This is the first report of small mammal acanthocephalans from ancient material worldwide.     

Preparation and evaluation of Vinpocetine self-emulsifying pH gradient release pellets

The main objective of this study was to develop a pH gradient release pellet with self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS), which could not only improve the oral bioavailability of Vinpocetine (VIN), a poor soluble drug, but reduce the fluctuation of plasma concentration. First, the liquid VIN SEDDS formulation was prepared. Then the self-emulsifying pH gradient release pellets were prepared by extrusion spheronization technique, and formulation consisted by the liquid SEDDS, absorbent (colloidal silicon dioxide), penetration enhancer (sodium chloride), microcrystalline cellulose, ethyl alcohol, and three coating materials (HPMC, Eudragit L30D55, Eudragit FS30D) were eventually selected. Three kinds of coated pellets were mixed in capsules with the mass ratio of 1:1:1. The release curves of capsules were investigated in vitro under the simulated gastrointestinal conditions. In addition, the oral bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of VIN self-emulsifying pH gradient release pellets, commercial tablets and liquid VIN SEDDS were evaluated in Beagle dogs. The oral bioavailability of self-emulsifying pH gradient release pellets was about 149.8% of commercial VIN tablets, and it was about 86% of liquid VIN SEDDS, but there were no significant difference between liquid SEDDS and self-emulsifying pH gradient release pellets. In conclusion, the self-emulsifying pH gradient release pellets could significantly enhance the absorption of VIN and effectively achieve a pH gradient release. And the self-emulsifying pH gradient release pellet was a promising method to improve bioavailability of insoluble drugs.     

通塞脉微丸高效毛细管电泳指纹图谱的研究

目的:建立通塞脉微丸高效毛细管电泳指纹图谱。方法:以pH 9.18,40 mmol·L-1硼砂-10%甲醇溶液为运行缓冲液,采用未涂层弹性石英毛细管柱(75μm×56 cm,有效长度50.0 cm),分离电压25 kV;进样压力5 kPa,进样2.0 s;毛细管温度25℃;二极管阵列检测,检测波长254 nm。结果:以10个批次的通塞脉微丸为样品建立了通塞脉微丸的毛细管电泳指纹图谱,确认共有指纹峰16个,并确定了甘草苷、甘草素、甘草酸单铵盐、肉桂酸、绿原酸、阿魏酸的峰。结论:此方法简单、快速、高效,为通塞脉微丸的全面质量控制提供了科学依据。     

5-氨基水杨酸结肠定位微丸丸芯的制备

【目的]制备治疗炎症性肠病的5-氨基水杨酸双层包衣微丸的丸芯。【方法】采用挤出-滚圆技术制备丸芯,考察丸芯的最大载药量;考察崩解剂（CMS—Na）对药物溶出速度的影响,考察润湿剂（不同浓度乙醇）对丸芯硬度、药物溶出速度和丸芯脆碎度的影响。【结果]平衡对工艺有利;滚圆载量和滚圆时间需要控制在-定范围内;最大载药量为75％（w／w）;崩解剂在处方中的最大含量为4％（w／w）,崩解剂含量越高,药物溶出速度越快;乙醇浓度越高,丸芯硬度越低,药物溶出速度越快,物料／润湿剂中水（质量比）需要在维持在1．6左右,才能使挤出工艺顺利进行;乙醇浓度越高,丸芯脆碎度越大。[结论1应用本实验中确定的处方和工艺参数制备出的丸芯表面光滑、坚硬,圆整度良好,能够进行下一步的流化床包衣。     

Anti-inflammatory activity of roots of Ecbolium viride (Forsk) Merrill

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Traditionally the aqueous extracts of dried roots of the plant Ecbolium viride are used for menorrhagia, rheumatism and jaundice.

Aim of the study

The aim was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of Ecbolium viride extract in an in vivo model.

Materials and methods

The ethyl acetate fraction of Ecbolium viride root extract was prepared and administered orally to rats. The anti-inflammatory activity of Ecbolium viride was determined by carrageenan-induced paw edema and cotton pellet granuloma models.

Results

Oral administration of Ecbolium viride extract reduced inflammation significantly (P < 0.01) in both the carageenan paw edema and the cotton pellet granuloma models.

Conclusions

The results of the study supported the traditional use of Ecbolium viride in the treatment for inflammatory disease.     

HPLC测定止嗽定喘丸中苦杏仁苷的含量

目的：建立止嗽定喘丸中苦杏仁苷的含量测定方法。方法：采用高效液相色谱法,流动相为水-甲醇-乙腈（75：20：5）,检测波长为210nm。结果：止嗽定喘丸中苦杏仁苷平均回收率为99.016%,RSD为1.000%,含量为0.5233mg.g^-1,即0.0313mg.丸^-1。结论：该法操作简便、准确,可作为止嗽定喘丸中苦杏仁苷的含量控制方法。