挤出滚圆法制备芍药甘草方微丸的处方工艺研究

目的应用挤出滚圆法制备芍药甘草方微丸。方法在考察提取物的物理性质的基础上,用挤出滚圆造粒机分别制备芍药、甘草微丸;采用单因素试验优化制剂处方及工艺条件;评价了微丸的粉体学性质、收率和体外溶出度。结果用挤出滚圆法制备的芍药、甘草微丸在30min内体外溶出均达90%以上,且圆整度好,收率高。结论挤出滚圆法制备芍药甘草方微丸工艺简便易行,制得的微丸质量好,收率高,体外释药迅速。     

挤出滚圆法制备腹达康微丸

目的：研究制备腹达康微丸并考察其体外释放度。方法：采用挤出滚圆法,制备微丸,以微丸收率为考察指标,优选挤出速率、滚圆速度和滚圆时间参数水平;以体外释药曲线为考察指标,采用单因素实验优化制剂处方及工艺条件。结果：工艺参数为挤出速度20Hz,滚圆速度20Hz,滚圆时间10min;速释微丸处方为40%主药,55%MCC（KG802）,5%PVPP;缓释微丸处方为主药含量40%,MCC（国产）为赋形剂,20%尤特奇L100溶液包衣增重15%,其释药机制为符合Higuchi平面扩散释放过程。结论：挤出滚圆法制备腹达康速释和缓释微丸方法可行,且制剂具有良好的体外释药效果。     

盐酸普拉克索缓释片的制备及其释药性的研究

目的 制备盐酸普拉克索缓释微丸片.方法 采用流化床包衣法制备盐酸普勒克索微丸,再将微丸与一定的辅料昆合后压制成片.利用正交试验确定了微丸的最终处方.结果 最优处方为10％碳酸氢钙用量、3％包衣增重率、25％柠檬酸三乙酯用量.自制缓释微丸片在分割后其释放行为与整片相似.结论 自制缓释微丸片与市售缓释片的释放行为相似.     

雷公藤红素抑制抗体形成及抗炎作用

雷公藤红素是雷公藤主妻活性成分之一,本支报道它在试管内及整体均明显抑制小鼠脾细胞溶血空斑细胞的形成,此作用与浓度呈依赖关系。对手大鼠实验性棉球肉芽肿的形成,小鼠二硝基氧苯。(DNCB)所致迟发型超敏反应均有明显抑制作用,回时还观察到它能延长戊巴比妥钠致小鼠睡眠时间。     

盐酸维拉帕米择时缓释微丸的研制及犬体内药代动力学

目的制备盐酸维拉帕米择时缓释微丸(VH-COERP)；研究VH-COERP在犬体内的药代动力学，并与市售的盐酸维拉帕米缓释微丸(VH-DRP)进行比较。方法采用空白丸芯上药法制备含药丸芯，并用流化床对其包衣，其中羟丙基甲基纤维素为内层包衣溶胀层，乙基纤维素水分散体为外层包衣控释层，通过改变内外层衣膜的厚度达到择时缓释的效果。用RP-HPLC测定6只Beagle犬口服VH-COERP后不同时间血浆中盐酸维拉帕米的浓度，并与VH-DRP比较，通过3P97程序计算药代动力学参数。结果溶胀层和控释层的包衣厚度、溶胀层中添加剂的种类会影响药物释放的时滞、释药行为以及最终释药量，所制得的微丸释放不受介质pH及后处理的影响。体外溶出经5 h时滞后缓慢释药达24 h。与VH-DRP相比，VH-COERP体内释药具有明显的时滞(4 h)，达峰时间明显延长(8 h)，相对生物利用度为(94.56±7.64)%。结论VH-COERP在体内外经过明显的时滞后均能缓慢释放，达到了睡前服药，凌晨发挥疗效的目的。     

兰索拉唑肠溶微丸胶囊的体外释放度与其在犬体内吸收的相关性评价

目的:考察兰索拉唑肠溶微丸胶囊的体外释放度与其在犬体内吸收的相关性。方法:采用紫外分光光度法,在245 nm波长处检测兰索拉唑肠溶微丸胶囊在酸(pH1.2)中1 h的累积释放度,在284 nm波长处检测其在磷酸盐缓冲液(pH6.8)中1.25 h的累积释放度;采用高效液相色谱法检测犬(n=6)灌服兰索拉唑肠溶微丸胶囊12 h内的血药浓度,以Wagner-Nelson法计算其体内吸收分数(fa),考察fa与体外释放度(f)t的相关性。结果:兰索拉唑肠溶微丸胶囊在酸中1 h的累积释放度<3%,在磷酸盐缓冲液中1.25 h的累积释放度>90%;该胶囊在犬体内2.5 h fa达最高值;在0.75～2 h内,fa=1.017 6ft-16.654(r=0.954)。结论:兰索拉唑肠溶微丸胶囊体外释放度与在犬体内吸收的相关性良好。     

挤出滚圆法制备中药复方杞芪微丸及其性质考察

 目的应用挤出滚圆法制备中药复方杞芪微丸,研究中药微丸制备的新工艺。方法用新型的挤出滚圆造粒机制备杞芪微丸;采用L₉(3⁴)正交设计实验优化制剂工艺条件;考察了不同处方微丸的粉体学性质、收率和体外溶出度。结果用挤出滚圆法制备的杞芪微丸圆整度好,大小均匀,收率在85%以上。结论用国产的挤出滚圆造粒机可以制备中药微丸。该工艺简便易行,制得的微丸质量好,收率高;体外溶出实验效果理想,值得进一步研究。     

A New Process of Direct Zinc Oxide Production by Carbothermal Reduction of Zinc Ash

Zinc ash is a by-product of the hot-dip galvanizing process and the electrolytic zinc process, which is classified as a hazardous waste consisting predominately of zinc oxide that could be recovered as the useful main resource for ZnO preparation. In this work, in order to reduce the energy consumption of the direct reduction process and improve the resource-recovery rate. A new technology for zinc oxide production, by a carbothermal reduction of zinc ash, is proposed. This process includes two steps: high-temperature roasting of zinc ash for dechlorination and a carbothermal reduction of dechlorination ash. Zn in zinc ash is mainly presented in the form of zinc oxide (ZnO), basic zinc chloride (Zn₅(OH)₈Cl₂H₂O), and metallic zinc (Zn). Basic zinc chloride can be roasted and decomposed to reduce the chlorine content in zinc ash. The results of a chloride ion removal test show that the optimal roasting temperature is 1000 °C, with a holding time of 60 min. Under the modified conditions, the chloride content in the roasted zinc ash is reduced to 0.021 wt.%, and the dechlorination rate is more than 99.5%, which can meet the requirements of zinc oxide production. The best process conditions for zinc oxide production by carbothermic reduction are as follows: reduction temperature of 1250 °C, reduction time of 60 min, and reduction agent addition of 22 wt.%. Under the best reduction process, the purity of zinc oxide product is 99.5%, and the recovery of zinc is more than 99.25%. Needle-like zinc oxide obtained by carbothermic reduction has high purity and can replace zinc oxide produced by an indirect process.     

The Use of Wood Pellets in the Production of High Quality Biocarbon Materials

Biomass is one of the most important sources of renewable energy. One of the most widely used biomass biofuels is wood pellets. It is an economical, homogeneous and easy-to-use raw material. Biomass is used to generate low-emission energy utilizing the pyrolysis process. Pyrolysis allows for higher energy efficiency with the use of commonly available substrates. This thesis presents the results of research on the possibility of using the pyrolysis process to produce high-energy biocarbons from wood pellets. Data on basic energy parameters and explosivity of biocarbon dust were compiled as criteria for the attractiveness of the solution in terms of energy utility. The research used pellets made of oak, coniferous, and mixed sawdust, which were subjected to a pyrolysis process with varying temperature and time parameters. Carbon, ash, nitrogen, hydrogen, volatile substances, heavy metals, durability and calorific value of the tested materials were carried out. The highest increase in calorific value was determined to be 63% for biocarbons obtained at 500 ℃ and a time of 15 min, compared with the control sample. The highest calorific value among all analyzed materials was obtained from coniferous pellet biocarbon at 31.49 MJ kg⁻¹. Parameters such as maximum explosion pressure, Pmax, maximum pressure increase over time, (dp/dt)max, and explosion rates, Kst max, were also analyzed. It was noted that biomass pyrolysis, which was previously pelletized, improved the energy parameters of the fuel and did not increase the risk class of dust explosion. The lowest and highest recorded values of Kst max for the analyzed materials were 76.53 and 94.75 bar s⁻¹, respectively. The study concluded that the process used for processing solid biofuels did not affect the increase in the danger of dust explosion. The results presented in this article form the basis for further research to obtain detailed knowledge of the safety principles of production, storage, transport and use of these new fuels.     

A multivalent polyomavirus vaccine elicits durable neutralizing antibody responses in macaques

In 2019, there were about 100,000 kidney transplants globally, with more than a quarter of them performed in the United States. Unfortunately, some engrafted organs are lost to polyomavirus-associated nephropathy (PyVAN) caused by BK and JC viruses (BKPyV and JCPyV). Both viruses cause brain disease and possibly bladder cancer in immunosuppressed individuals. Transplant patients are routinely monitored for BKPyV viremia, which is an accepted hallmark of nascent nephropathy. If viremia is detected, a reduction in immunosuppressive therapy is standard care, but the intervention comes with increased risk of immune rejection of the engrafted organ. Recent reports have suggested that transplant recipients with high levels of polyomavirus-neutralizing antibodies are protected against PyVAN. Virus-like particle (VLP) vaccines, similar to approved human papillomavirus vaccines, have an excellent safety record and are known to induce high levels of neutralizing antibodies and long-lasting protection from infection. In this study, we demonstrate that VLPs representing BKPyV genotypes I, II, and IV, as well as JCPyV genotype 2 produced in insect cells elicit robust antibody titers. In rhesus macaques, all monkeys developed neutralizing antibody titers above a previously proposed protective threshold of 10,000. A second inoculation, administered 19 weeks after priming, boosted titers to a plateau of $\ge$ 25,000 that was maintained for almost two years. No vaccine-related adverse events were observed in any macaques. A multivalent BK/JC VLP immunogen did not show inferiority compared to the single-genotype VLP immunogens. Considering these encouraging results, we believe a clinical trial administering the multivalent VLP vaccine in patients waiting to receive a kidney transplant is warranted to evaluate its ability to reduce or eliminate PyVAN.