反复流产患者的中医护理对策

目的 :探讨结合现代护理观为指导的具有中医特色的整体护理模式。方法 :运用中医基础理论知识 ,针对引起反复流产患者的病因 ,将患者主要分为内分泌异常型、免疫异常型、生殖道异常型、感染型、全身性疾病影响型、染色体异常型施以护理。结果 :依据不同证型 ,有的放矢的实施护理 ,使患者明确了引起反复流产的根本原因、治疗措施、注意事项、预防保健方法 ,消除了紧张、恐惧、焦虑等心理障碍 ,树立了再次妊娠的信心 ,提高了妊娠成功率     

Evaluation of three risk scores to predict postoperative nausea and vomiting

BACKGROUND: So far there are three different scores to predict postoperative vomiting (PV: Apfel et al., 1998) or postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV: Koivuranta et al., 1997; Palazzo and Evans, 1993). All three scores used logistic regression analysis to identify and create weights for the risk factors for PV or PONV. In short, these were sex, age, history of previous PONV, motion sickness, duration of anaesthesia, and use of postoperative opioids. However, an external evaluation and a comparison of these scores has not been performed so far. METHODS: Patients undergoing a variety of surgical procedures under general anaesthesia were studied prospectively. Preoperatively, they completed a questionnaire concerning potential risk factors for the occurrence of PV or PONV implemented in the three risk scores. Balanced anaesthesia (induction agent, nondepolarising neuromuscular blocker, opioid, and inhalation agent in nitrous oxide/oxygen) was performed. No intravenous anaesthesia or any antiemetic prophylaxis was applied. Postoperatively, the patients were observed in the recovery room for the occurrence of PV and PONV and were visited twice on the ward within the 24-h observation period. Both the patients and the nursing staff were asked whether PV or PONV was present. The severity of PONV was categorised using a standardised scoring algorithm. A total of 1,444 patients was finally included into the analysis. Using information of the predicted risk for the individual patients and the actual occurrence of PV or PONV, Receiver Operator Characteristics (ROC-curves) were drawn. The area under each ROC-curve was calculated as a means of the predictive properties of each score and was compared for statistical differences. RESULTS: For prediction of PONV (any severity) the AUC-values (AUC=area under the curve) and the corresponding 95%-confidence intervals were: Apfel: 0.70 (0.67-0.72); Koivuranta: 0.71 (0.69-0.73); Palazzo: 0.68 (0.65-0.70). For prediction of PV: Apfel: 0.73 (0.71-0.75); Koivuranta: 0.73 (0.70-0.75); Palazzo: 0.68 (0.65-0.70). Thus, all three scores appeared to have a moderate accuracy as measured by the AUC. The score of Koivuranta predicts PONV (P=0.007) and also PV (P=0.002) significantly better than Palazzo's score. Furthermore, for predicting of PV the score of Apfel was also superior to Palazzo's score (P=0.005). All three scores predict PV with the same accuracy as PONV. CONCLUSION: The occurrence of PV and PONV in patients undergoing surgery under balanced anaesthesia can be predicted with moderate but acceptable accuracy using one of the available risk scores, regardless of local surgical or anaesthesiological circumstances. For clinical practice, we recommend the score published by Koivuranta, since its calculation is very simple.     

干扰素基因刺激蛋白相关婴儿期发病血管病变1例并文献复习

目的 探讨干扰素基因刺激蛋白(STING)相关婴儿期发病血管病变(SAVI)的临床特点、诊断和治疗。方法 对1例SAVI患儿的临床表型及基因型进行分析,并通过复习相关文献,分析和总结有关国内外SAVI的文献报道,总结SAVI的临床特征及遗传学特点。结果 男,11岁4个月,为反复呼吸道感染、咳嗽、活动耐力下降,查体可见杵状指(趾),实验室检查提示ESR异常升高、ANA及抗心磷脂抗体阳性,肺部高分辨CT提示间质性病变。全外显子测序提示患儿TMEM173基因新生杂合突变:c.463G>A,p.V155M。予托法替尼(每次5 mg,每天2次)治疗有效。文献复习目前国内外已报道SAVI病例31例(包括本文1例),SAVI男性多发,以婴幼儿为主。首发症状以皮疹(58.0%)、呼吸急促(41.9%)及活动受限(48.3%)为主。实验室检查64.5%伴有ESR增快或CRP升高,64.5%出现自身抗体阳性。70.9%患儿肺部影像学提示为间质性肺炎改变。基因检查可明确诊断,SAVI相关的基因突变位于第5号染色体上的TMEM173基因,74.1%为新发突变。Janus激酶抑制剂治疗有效。结论 SAVI为一种罕见的自身炎症性疾病,为TMEM173基因变异,临床上以活动耐力下降、生长受限及间质性肺疾病为主要表现。Janus激酶抑制剂对该病治疗有效。     

ROC analysis of alcoholism markers – 100% specificity

A combination of 4 so-called markers of alcoholism, i. e. methanol, aceton + 2-propanol, γ-glutamyl-transferase and carbohydrate deficient transferrin, was investigated in 341 blood samples from alcoholics and non-alcoholics. From the history of alcohol consumption, four defined subgroups were formed: non-alcoholics divided into (A) 33 persons with no ethanol consumption during the past year and (B) 60 persons with daily consumption less then 40 g ethanol. Alcoholics were divided into (C) 177 persons with no ethanol at the time of admission/first blood sampling (withdrawal therapy) and (D) 71 persons with positive ethanol levels on admission/first blood sampling. All markers showed different extents of overlap between the collectives of alcoholics and non-alcoholics. By logistic regression, a formula was developed combining these markers with different mathematical weights. Thus an “Alc-Index” could be calculated for each individual. The ROC curve connecting all individual values gives an ideal form with 100% specificity and nearly 93% sensitivity. The threshold between the collectives of alcoholics and non-alcoholics was defined by the Alc-Index value 1.7. This was associated with no false positives among the non-alcoholics while nearly 93% of the alcoholics exceeded this index. The ROC-based calculation of the Alc-Index thus seems to be the most effective method for the diagnosis of alcoholism. Received: 24 June 1999 / Received in revised form: 1 November 1999     

膜性肾病患者临床病理特点及外周血T及Th细胞亚群分析

例膜性肾病患者,根据24 h蛋白尿、血清白蛋白水平分为中高危组78例,低危组22例。另取同期体检的健康志愿者66名为对照组。流式细胞术检测外周血T及Th细胞亚群水平。检测结果显示,间质炎性细胞浸润、肾小管急性病变区在中高危组与低危组之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。膜性肾病患者中IgG4荧光强度最高,IgG2荧光强度最弱。T细胞亚群中中高危组和低危组CD3＋CD45＋、CD3＋CD4＋、CD4＋/CD8＋明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。Th细胞亚群中Th9、Th1、Th2、Th2/Th9在各组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);Th9、Th1、Th2水平明显低于对照组,Th2/Th9明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。结果证明,尿蛋白量越大,膜性肾病患者肾脏急性和慢性病变程度越严重;中高危组患者IgG4为主沉淀,低危组患者IgG1为主沉淀;膜性肾病患者外周血T细胞亚群以CD4＋T细胞为主,伴随Th9、Th1、Th2水平明显升高, Th2/Th9值下降。     

创伤性颅脑损伤频响特性研究综述

频率在创伤性颅脑损伤(traumatic brain injury, TBI)的生物力学响应中扮演着重要角色,冲击载荷可因共振行为而放大脑部局部变形,加剧神经功能障碍。 本文总结了颅脑损伤频响特性的主要研究方法和发展进程,重点探讨不同数学方法在颅脑损伤频响特性中的应用,以及颅脑损伤频响特性的研究现状,并进一步提出深化颅脑损伤频响特性研究的建议。 结果表明,有限元法、降阶模型法和流固耦合法在颅脑损伤频响特性研究中均具可行性,但现有研究对颅脑固有频率尚未达成有效共识,且未将颅脑损伤的频响特性与评价准则进行结合,故基于频响特性完善颅脑损伤力学评价仍是研究的重点。     

小学生气质特征与家庭教养方式相关性调查分析

目的:了解小学生气质特征和家庭教养方式,促进所有小学生身心健康全面发展.方法:2018年1月—2019年6月,随机抽取六盘山连片特困区400名小学生及家长,调查了解小学生气质特征、家庭教养方式,进行相关性分析.结果:气质维度中适应性得分最高,活动水平、趋避性、情绪本质和坚持性等,男、女生存在显著性差异(P＜0.05)....     

蛋白质在膜表面的吸附特性及蛋白质存在的溶液环境对小檗碱膜透过行为的影响研究

为探索蛋白质在膜表面的吸附特性以及蛋白质存在的溶液环境对小檗碱膜透过行为的影响,以蛋白质、小檗碱为研究对象,配制模拟溶液,通过低场核磁共振技术、静态吸附实验以及膜分离实验探究蛋白质与陶瓷膜、小檗碱之间可能存在的相互作用,以蛋白质静态吸附量、膜过程相对通量、蛋白质截留率、小檗碱透过率及两者的吸附率为评价指标,同时测定膜过程中膜污染阻力分布、过膜前后粒径分布变化及膜表面电镜扫描(SEM),研究蛋白质在陶瓷膜上的吸附特性及对小檗碱膜过程的影响。结果表明,陶瓷膜对蛋白质具有吸附作用,且吸附模型符合Langmuir吸附模型,在模拟溶液的膜分离过程中,蛋白质是引起膜污染的主要因素,但在1 g·L~(-1)蛋白质的浓度下,蛋白质的存在对小檗碱的膜过程没有显著影响。