Association of bilirubin and protein thiols in relation to copper and ceruloplasmin in hyperbilirubinemic patients

Objective： Bilirubin is a double edged sword in biological system, acting as a toxic molecule and cytoprotectant. Unconjugated bilirubin is proved to show antioxidant activity in vitro and in vivo. In the current work we tried to know the relationship between both conjugated and uneonjugated bilirubin with copper and protein thiols in patients with hyperbilirubihernia. Methods： Study was conducted on 56 hyperbilirubinemie eases and 56 healthy controls. Serum copper, ceruloplasmin, protein thiols, total bilirubin, conjugated and unconjugated bilirubin, uneonjugated bilirubin/albumin ratio, total protein, albumin, AST, ALT and ALP were estimated. Results： There was significant increase in serum copper, total biliruhin, conjugated and uneonjugated bilirubin, uneonjugated bilirubin/albumin ratio, AST, ALT, and ALP, and decrease in serum ceruloplasmin, protein thiols, total protein, and albumin in hyperbilirubinemie cases when compared to healthy controls. Conjugated bilirubin correlated positively with liver enzymes AST and ALP, and negatively with protein thiols, total protein and albumin. Uneonjugated bilirubin correlated positively with ALT. Protein thiols correlated negatively with copper and positively with eeruloplasmin, and also correlated negatively with liver enzymes like AST, ALT and ALP, and positively with total protein and albumin. Conclusion： Combination of elevated levels of trace elements like copper and availability of reducing agent like bilirubin may prove deleterious by generating free radicals.     

不稳定型心绞痛患者血清胆红素及尿酸水平的分析

目的 探讨冠心病不稳定型心绞痛与胆红素及尿酸的关系.方法 将入选202例冠心病不稳定型心绞痛患者,采集空腹静脉血测定总胆红素、直接胆红素、间接胆红素及尿酸,比较其心绞痛发作时、3个月、6个月及1年内未再发作时胆红素及尿酸的变化情况.结果 心绞痛发作时胆红素降低,尿酸偏高.结论 胆红素和尿酸水平可间接反映不稳定型心绞痛机体氧化、抗氧化情况,胆红素对评估病情有一定帮助.     

Rotavirus Causes Hepatic Transaminase Elevation

Rotavirus is one of the leading causes of acute gastroenteritis among children. While clinical complaints are generally intestinal including vomiting and diarrhea, there is evidence to suggest that disease outside the gastrointestinal tract occurs. This study examines the frequency of hepatic transaminase elevation in children with rotavirus gastroenteritis. Patients identified with rotavirus gastroenteritis by stool antigen testing between November 2005 and March 2006 had available serum analyzed for alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, and creatinine phoshosphokinase (CPK). Chart review was conducted to identify patients with possible liver injury unrelated to rotavirus. Among the 92 patients identified with rotavirus during the study period, 75 had serum specimens available for testing. Fifteen patients (20%) had elevated ALT and AST, including one patient with an increase in AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase, and total and direct bilirubin. The mean ALT elevation was 56 IU/L (range, 44 to 114 IU/L), and the mean AST elevation was 80 IU/L (range, 57 to 126 IU/L). Fifty-three patients (71%) had an increase in AST alone, and three patients (4%) had an increase in AST and alkaline phosphatase. The mean AST values in these groups were 61 IU/L (range, 42 to 110 IU/L) and 79 IU/L (range, 59 to 96 IU/L), respectively. In conclusion, rotavirus commonly causes elevation of liver transaminases.     

腺苷蛋氨酸对新生鼠肝脏葡萄糖醛酸基转移酶活性的影响

目的：研究腺苷蛋氨酸对新生鼠肝脏胆红素-尿苷二磷酸葡萄糖醛酸基转移酶（Bilirubin uridine glucuronosyl transferase,B-UGT）活性的影响。方法：试验组腹腔注射腺苷蛋氨酸,阳性对照组腹腔注射苯巴比妥/尼可刹米,阴性对照组腹腔注射等量氯化钠溶液,每日1次,疗程7天,测定3组肝脏B-UGT活性。结果：阳性对照组肝脏B-UGT活性显著高于同期阴性对照组,试验组肝脏B-UGT活性显著高于同期阴性对照组和阳性对照组。结论：腺苷蛋氨酸能够诱导提高新生鼠肝脏B-UGT活性,从而促进胆红素代谢。     

高原地区高脂血症患者血清胆红素浓度的变化

目的测定110例高脂血症和82例血脂正常者血清标本的部分生化指标,为了探讨低浓度胆红素于高脂血症的关系。方法采用全自动生化分析仪测定血清总胆红素（TB）、三酰甘油（TC）、总胆固醇（TO）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL—C）。结果高脂血症组TB水平（10．39±3．07）明显低于正常对照组（13．464±4．44）;TB水平随TG、TC、和LDL．C升高而减低,随HDL—C升高而升高。结论高脂血症血清中低TB水平,低胆红素浓度与高脂血症具有相关性。     

MRI在新生儿核黄疸诊断中的应用

目的 探讨新生儿核黄疸的MRI表现,为临床诊断与随访提供客观的影像学依据. 方法 21例具有典型临床表现的核黄疸患儿在生后接受了头部高场MRI检查,场强为1.5 Tesla,扫描序列包括T1WI,T2WI和DWI,2名不知被检者病史的放射科医师分析MRI 结果.结果 21例新生儿生后2～11天首次MRI检查有19例(约占90.5%)TIWI上双侧苍白球信号对称性增高(其中3例3个月后复查MRI显示T2WI上双侧苍白球对称性高信号),另外2例(约占9.5 %)信号未见改变.上述病例DWI上信号均未见特殊改变. 结论 新生儿期核黄疸主要表现为T1WI上双侧苍白球对称性高信号;后遗症期核黄疸主要表现为T2WI上双侧苍白球对称性高信号;DWI对诊断核黄疸无帮助.     

新生儿病理性黄疸相关指标的检测

目的检测新生儿病理性黄疸患者的相关指标。方法对解放军第一七四医院产科2006年1月—2008年12月收治的129例新生儿病理性黄疸患者,进行血型鉴定、胆红素检测和抗人球蛋白（Coombs）试验,评价这些指标与新生儿黄疸的相关性。结果新生儿病理性黄疸患者总胆红素和间接胆红素均高于参考值10倍以上;血型为O型新生儿与非O型病理性黄疸发生率比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,新生儿病理性黄疸抗人球蛋白试验阳性率为36．43％,且阳性者血型为非O型的占91．47％。结论间接胆红素增高直接影响总胆红素的水平及临床表现,这与新生儿生理特征有一定关系;非O型新生儿较容易发生病理性黄疸,提示新生儿溶血症可以引起新生儿病理性黄疸;Coombs试验检测不规则抗体有助于鉴别引起病理性黄疸的因素。     

Bilirubin encephalopathy: a study of neuronal subpopulations and neurodegenerative mechanisms in 12 autopsy cases

Bilirubin encephalopathy (BE), which includes acute (kernicterus) and chronic (postkernicteric) forms, results from severe neonatal jaundice. In order to investigate neurodegenerative mechanisms in autopsy cases of BE, we immunohistochemically examined expressions of neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, and calcium-binding proteins in the basal ganglia; and deposition of oxidative products. Expression of tyrosine hydroxylase was reduced in the putamen in cases of acute BE, and in the globus pallidus in cases of acute and chronic postkernicteric BE. Methionine-enkephalin expression was reduced in the external segment of the globus pallidus in cases of acute and chronic postkernicteric BE, and immunoreactivity for substance P was severely altered in both internal and external segments in cases of chronic postkernicteric BE. A decrease in the number of parvalbumin-immunoreactive interneurons in the external segment of the globus pallidus was observed predominantly in cases of acute BE, whereas the number of interneurons immunoreactive for calbindin-D28K was reduced in the putamen in cases of chronic postkernicteric BE. Nuclear immunoreactivity for 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine was seen in the putamen in half of the BE cases. These findings indicated that the putamen was impaired in BE and the pallidal external segment was also damaged in the acute form of BE, suggesting that oxidative damage to DNA is implicated in lesions of the basal ganglia.     

Hyperbilirubinemia: a risk factor for infection in the surgical intensive care unit

BACKGROUND: Hyperbilirubinemia in intensive care unit (ICU) patients is common. We hypothesized that hyperbilirubinemia in the surgical ICU predisposes patients to infection. METHODS: Patients with bilirubin < or = 3 mg/dL were compared to patients with bilirubin > 3 mg/dL. We then compared the low bilirubin patients to high bilirubin patients who developed infection after their hyperbilirubinemia. RESULTS: There were 1,620 infections in 5,712 patients with low bilirubin (28%), compared with 284 in 409 patients in the high bilirubin group (69%, P < .001). After removing the patients in whom hyperbilirubinemia developed after infection, we found infection in 156 of 281 remaining patients (56%, P < .001). This group had a 3-fold increased risk of infection compared with low bilirubin (odds ratio [OR] 3.17, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.48-4.03, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: There is an increased susceptibility to infection among jaundiced surgical ICU (SICU) patients that persists even when sepsis-related hyperbilirubinemia patients are excluded.     

新型抗精神病药物对肝功能的影响及帕利哌酮的优势

目的探索新型抗精神病药对肝功能的影响,以及帕利哌酮与其他新型抗精神病药相比是否具有优势。方法采用病例回顾研究方法,收集2010年1月-2014年2月北京回龙观医院新入院精神分裂症患者91例,均符合《国际疾病分类(第10版)》(ICD-10)诊断标准。给予单一或联合新型抗精神病药系统治疗,于治疗前后检测血清丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、门冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、谷氨酰转肽酶(GGT)、血清总胆汁酸(TBA)、总胆红素(T-BIL)、直接胆红素(D-BIL)、间接胆红素(I-BIL)、白蛋白/球蛋白(A/G)水平。结果使用新型抗精神病药物治疗后肝功能异常率为14.28%。用药后ALT、GGT、TBA水平增加,ALT、TBA异常率增加,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。T-BIL、D-BIL、I-BIL水平下降,I-BIL异常率下降,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。方差分析显示,帕利哌酮组、利培酮组和其他组三组间血清ALT水平差异有统计学意义(F=3.664,P=0.03),多重比较显示,帕利哌酮组分别与其他两组血清ALT水平差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论新型抗精神病药物对肝功能的影响主要体现在对肝细胞实质的影响。帕利哌酮与其他新型抗精神病药相比对肝脏的安全性更好。