Cyberwand双导管超声吸附碎石治疗特殊人群膀胱结石

目的 探讨应用Cyberwand双导管超声吸附碎石系统治疗特殊人群膀胱结石的价值.方法 2008年7月～ 2011年10月我院收治因各种原因需长期留置膀胱造瘘管致膀胱结石形成患者89例,其中神经源性膀胱49例,前列腺增生不能耐受手术行膀胱造瘘者14例,肿瘤局部浸润行尿流改道者1 1例,反复尿道狭窄手术失败保留造瘘者15例.均通过膀胱造瘘口肾镜应用Cyberwand双导管超声吸附碎石. 结果 所有手术均顺利完成,手术时间平均40(30～70)min.无膀胱穿孔、大出血、结石残留、输尿管开口损伤等.所有患者均获随访,平均6(1 ～24)个月.13例患者术后7个月再发膀胱结石,再次行上述处理,结石清除干净. 结论 对于各种原因需长期留置膀胱造瘘管的患者所形成的膀胱结石,通过造瘘口Cyberwand双导管超声吸附碎石,效果良好,创伤轻微,具有很好的推广价值.     

Outcomes of percutaneous nephrolithotomy versus open stone surgery for patients with staghorn calculi

ObjectivesAdvances in shock wave lithotripsy and endourological procedures have markedly limited the need for open surgery in the treatment of renal stones. We retrospectively compared the clinical outcomes of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL)-based therapy with open stone surgery (OSS) to treat staghorn stones.Materials and methodsHospital and office charts, operative records, and radiographic studies of all patients undergoing OSS (Group 1, 11 patients) and PNL (Group 2, 61 patients) for the treatment of large staghorn calculi from 2007 to 2013 were reviewed. Only patients with stones ≥ 10 cm² in area were included. Patient characteristics, stone burden, indications, and surgical outcomes between the two procedures were compared. Stone-clearance was confirmed using postoperative kidney, ureter, bladder X-rays.ResultsThere were no differences between the two groups in patient demographics, stone size, estimated blood loss, and mean renal function level change, however, there were statistically significant differences in mean operative time (282.1 ± 54.5 minutes vs. 156.6 ± 41.2 minutes, p < 0.001), mean hospital stay (10.3 ± 1.8 days vs. 6.2 ± 2.7 days, p < 0.001), postoperative stone-clearance rate (97.5% vs. 76.1 ± 23.9%, p < 0.001), and number of procedures per patient (1.6 vs. 2.8, p < 0.001) between the OSS and PNL group.ConclusionBoth OSS and PNL are viable options for the management of staghorn stones. Considering the lower postoperative complication rate and need for auxiliary treatment, we suggest that OSS is more suitable for staghorn stones with large burdens. OSS should still be considered as a valid treatment for patients with complex staghorn calculi, although PNL is a less invasive treatment option in most cases.     

Traumatic common hepatic artery injury causing isolated right hepatic ischemia due to a left accessory artery. A case report

IntroductionHepatic arterial liver flow is renowned for its redundancy. Previous studies have demonstrated that the common hepatic artery is not essential for liver survival. We present a case of a 31year-old involved in a high-speed motor vehicle accident whose liver survived thanks to the presence of an accessory hepatic artery.Presentaton of the caseWe present the case of a 31year-old male who sustained a traumatic injury of the proper hepatic artery following a motor vehicle accident. The patient suffered temporary right liver lobe ischemia due to the presence of an accessory left hepatic artery. This resulted in the selective formation of ‘biliary lakes' distinctively within the territory of the right hepatic artery supply.Simultaneously the patient developed a pseudo-aneurysm of the proper hepatic artery which required radiology intervention. At the time of pseudo-aneurysm embolisation, a rich network of arterial collaterals had formed between the accessory left hepatic and the inferior phrenic artery. On follow up the biliary lakes to the right lobe had resolved, but a small area at the periphery of the right lobe had encountered atrophy.DiscussionThis case report is an ‘in vivo’ demonstration of liver resilience to arterial flow re-distribution and demonstrates the ability of the biliary epithelium to recover from and ischemic injury.ConclusionParenchymal liver survival is mostly independent from flow within the common hepatic artery. Acute and chronic liver parenchyma changes following interruption of hepatic artery flow can still occur.     

微创经皮肾取石术治疗独立肾结石

目的：探讨微创经皮肾取石术治疗孤立肾结石的临床疗效与手术技巧。方法：利用微创经皮肾取石术治疗孤立肾结石18例，14例患者行一期微创经皮肾取石．4例行经皮肾穿刺造瘘术，5～7天后行二期取石术。结果：结石清除15例（83．3％）。在结石残留的3例患者中，1例残留结石下移至输尿管下段，用输尿管镜将结行取出；余2例结石残留。肾内，未作进一步处理，本组患者术后肾功能基本恢复正常或好转。结论：微创经皮肾取石术治疗独立肾结石是一种安全、有效的方法。     

Rapid increase of bile salt secretion is associated with bile duct injury after human liver transplantation

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Biliary strictures are a serious cause of morbidity after liver transplantation. We have studied the role of altered bile composition as a mechanism of bile duct injury after human liver transplantation. METHODS: In 28 liver transplant recipients, bile samples were collected daily posttransplantation for determination of bile composition. Hepatic expression of bile transporters was studied before and after transplantation. Histopathological criteria as well as biliary concentrations of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma-GT) were used to quantify bile duct injury. RESULTS: Early after transplantation, bile salt secretion increased more rapidly than phospholipid secretion, resulting in high biliary bile salt/phospholipid ratio (BA/PL). In parallel with this, mRNA levels of the bile salt transporters NTCP and BSEP increased significantly after transplantation, whereas phospholipid translocator MDR3 mRNA levels remained unchanged. Bile duct injury correlated significantly with bile salt secretion and was associated with a high biliary BA/PL ratio. CONCLUSIONS: Bile salt secretion after human liver transplantation recovers more rapidly than phospholipid secretion. This results in cytotoxic bile formation and correlates with bile duct injury. These findings suggest that endogenous bile salts have a role in the pathogenesis of bile duct injury after liver transplantation.     

经内镜诊治肝移植术后胆道远期并发症

目的：探讨经内镜逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)在诊断和治疗肝移植患者胆道远期并发症中的应用。方法：肝移植术后出现胆道远期并发症患者6例，共行ERCP 12次，根据患者的情况进行扩张、内镜下乳头切开取石、内支架置入等治疗。结果：1例胆总管结石行乳头切开后取石成功，1例胆道狭窄在胆道扩张后胆道梗阻症状解除，4例胆道狭窄合并胆总管结石的狭窄近端结石经乳头切开取出，狭窄远端结石行胆道扩张、内支架置入等治疗后取出。所有患者经治疗后胆红素、碱性磷酸酶等酶学指标均有不同程度的下降，无严重并发症发生。结论：ERCP是诊断和治疗肝移植患者胆道远期并发症安全、有效的手段。     

超声弹性成像在胆道闭锁患儿中的应用进展

胆道闭锁是婴儿持续性黄疸常见病因,可快速发展为胆汁性肝硬化,甚至导致死亡。胆道闭锁肝纤维化程度与肝门空肠吻合术术前评估、术后追踪及选择肝移植时间点密切相关。超声弹性成像是无创评价肝纤维化程度较有前景的技术之一。本文就超声弹性成像技术在胆道闭锁中的应用进展进行综述。     

恶性梗阻性黄疸的两种微创介入治疗术后并发症比较分析

目的对经ERCP放置胆道支架与经PTBD放置胆道支架两种途径解除恶性梗阻性黄疸术后并发症进行比较分析。方法回顾分析我院2008年1月~2013年12月通过介入途径治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸的128例患者,其中71例采用ERCP放置胆道内支架,57例采用PTBD放置胆道内支架,比较两种不同引流方式术后并发症情况。结果 71例ERCP患者中,5例出现并发症,其中3例合并有ERCP术后胰腺炎,1例胆道出血,1例感染发热,并发症发生率为7.0%,57例PTBD患者中8例出现并发症,其中4例感染发热,2例出现出血,1例胆汁性腹膜炎,1例肝脓肿,并发症发生率为14.0%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论经ERCP放置胆道内支架在减少术后并发症发生率方面更有意义。     

输尿管软镜下钬激光碎石治疗体外震波碎石失败后复杂性输尿管结石的临床探讨

目的：探讨输尿管软镜下钬激光碎石治疗体外震波碎石失败后复杂性输尿管结石的临床效果。方法选取2014年2月-2014年12月期间该院收治的复杂性输尿管结石患者80例,其中40例体外震波碎石失败后使用微创经皮肾穿刺取石+术(MPCNL)的患者作为对照组,另外40例体外震波碎石失败后使用输尿管软镜下钬激光碎石治疗的患者作为研究组,分析研究两组的治疗效果。结果对照组患者碎石成功率为95.0%(38/40),研究组患者中碎石成功率为92.50%(37/40),上段结石成功率80.00%(8/10),中段结石成功率90.00%(9/10),下段结石成功率95.00%(19/20),失败3例,占7.50%(3/40),研究组与对照组碎石成功率之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。其中有2例冲入肾盂后再次经输尿管软镜下钬激光碎石治疗,1例通过后腹腔镜下输尿管结石切开取石的方式取石,手术中输尿管穿孔1例,手术平均时间(65±15.50)min,住院时间(7.50±1.50)d。结论输尿管软镜下钬激光碎石是一种治疗体外震波碎石失败后复杂性输尿管结石的可靠手段,临床应用前景广阔。