Tubal pregnancy after clomiphene treatment: are you sure is not bilateral?

The estimated prevalence of ectopic pregnancy (EP) is 1–2% worldwide. Bilateral tubal pregnancies represent the rarest form of heterotopic pregnancy, and spontaneously conceived are extremely unusual, as many cases are derived from assisted reproductive techniques. We describe a case of bilateral tubal pregnancy after clomiphene therapy and sexual intercourse in which the second EP was not contemporarily revealed.     

单孔胸腔镜下交感神经切断术与双孔胸腔镜下手术的效果比较及护理

目的比较单孔胸腔镜下交感神经切断术与双孔胸腔镜下手术的效果,并探讨其护理方法。方法选取2011年1月～2012年5月于本院采用单孔胸腔镜下交感神经切断术进行治疗的26例手汗症患者为观察组,同期采用双孔法手术进行治疗的26例患者为对照组,两组患者均进行针对性的护理,并对两组患者术后出血量、住院时间、术后2、12、24h的VAS评分、手术前后血清CRP、皮质醇及IL-6水平进行比较。结果观察组术后2、12、24h的VAS评分均低于对照组,出血量小于对照组,住院时间短于对照组,而术后1、3d的血清CRP、皮质醇及IL-6水平均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论单孔胸腔镜下交感神经切断术较双孔胸腔镜下手术更佳,配合针对性的护理可有效促进患者的康复。     

全胸腔镜肺叶切除术治疗非小细胞肺癌

目的：探讨全胸腔镜下肺叶切除术的安全性和可靠性及手术方法。方法：2005年10月-2011年6月笔者所在医院共实行全胸腔镜下肺叶切除术60例,手术通过胸部3个小切口全程非直视下完成,均为解剖性肺叶切除,同时施行淋巴结清扫;施行左肺上叶切除13例,左肺下叶切除16例,右肺上叶切除17例,右肺中叶切除5例,右肺下叶切除9例。结果：中转开胸2例。余手术均在全胸腔镜下顺利完成,手术时间150～245min,平均160min;术中平均失血量150ml;术后引流量100～420ml,平均135ml;住院日7～15d,平均10d。随访1～24个月,全部生存良好。结论：全胸腔镜下肺叶切除是一种安全、有效、更加微创的术式,适于经过选择的非小细胞肺癌。     

球囊后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松椎体压缩性骨折

目的 探讨球囊后凸成形术对骨质疏松椎体压缩性骨折的疗效.方法 回顾性随访2005～2007年采用经皮球囊后凸椎体成形术治疗老年人骨质疏松椎体压缩性骨折27例,43个椎体,测量术前术后骨折椎体的后凸角度,采用视觉模拟评分(VAS)比较患者术前和术后的疼痛变化.结果 本组病例均能耐受该手术,有5个椎体出现轻度骨水泥渗漏,但患者没有临床症状.术前术后脊柱X线片显示椎体高度有所恢复,脊柱后凸畸形改善,术前椎体后凸角度(19.7±7.2)°,术后(11.6±5.3)°,所有患者疼痛明显缓解,疼痛视觉模拟评分由术前8.0±1.3下降至术后3.7±1.5.结论 球囊后凸成形术能够有效地控制骨折疏松椎体压缩性骨折导致的疼痛,并可以部分恢复椎体高度和脊柱后凸畸形,有利于改善脊柱的功能,提高患者的生活质量.     

支气管和肺组织损伤的CT与X线胸片比较:37例临床分析

目的探讨CT在支气管肺外伤诊断中的作用。方法回顾性分析并比较37例胸部外伤患者支气管和肺组织损伤的X线胸片和CT表现。结果轻度肺组织损伤9例,5例X线胸片漏诊;中度15例,X线胸片显示病变较CT显示的范围小,程度轻;重度13例,4例X线胸片漏诊。支气管损伤3例,X线胸片均不能显示,常规CT扫描显示不肯定。结论胸部创伤的急诊检查,不能满足于X线胸片的粗略显示,还应该重视CT检查。     

经前路部分切除胸骨上端入路手术治疗上胸椎病变

【摘要】 目的：探讨经前路部分切除胸骨上端行上胸段脊柱前路手术的方法和临床效果。方法：2005年7月～2010年9月采用胸骨上端部分截骨前入路手术治疗17例上胸椎病变患者,男8例,女9例;年龄27～77岁,平均57.7岁。T3动脉瘤样骨囊肿2例,T2~T3结核7例,T3~T4结核3例,T2骨巨细胞瘤2例,T3骨巨细胞瘤2例,T2软骨肉瘤1例。术前分析上胸椎矢状位CT片,确定手术需要显露的范围。半月形去除胸骨柄上部部分骨质,保留两侧胸锁韧带,从头臂动脉内侧窗或外侧窗显露病变部位,行病灶清除或切除、植骨或重建内固定。记录患者术中及术后并发症情况,随访治疗效果。结果：17例患者经部分切除胸骨上端前入路均顺利完成手术,对上胸椎病灶显露良好。3例患者术中出现心跳缓慢、低血压或气道阻力增加,去除牵拉后很快恢复。手术时间2~3h,出血量200～700ml,平均400ml。术后1例患者出现短暂性声音嘶哑,术后2个月痊愈;无其他并发症发生。随访17~27个月,平均22.7个月,植骨均获骨性融合,颈胸段生理弧度恢复,无内固定失败,脊柱稳定性好。17例患者术后神经症状均有所改善。结论：部分切除胸骨上端前入路可以在完整保留胸锁关节下有效显露T2~T4范围,操作简易,并发症少,是处理上胸椎病变较理想的入路。     

前路手术治疗胸腰段爆裂型骨折伴不全性神经损伤——附19例报告

目的探讨对胸、腰椎爆裂型骨折伴不全性神经损伤患者行前路手术治疗的疗效。方法对19例不稳定性胸、腰椎爆裂型骨折伴不全性神经损伤患者行侧前方椎管减压、自体骨植骨融合、Kaneda器械内固定治疗。结果全部患者经1~6年随访,脊椎后凸畸形由术前平均25.1°提高到术后平均13°,平均椎管占位率由术前45%提高到最终随访的10%。神经功能按ASIA分级示,提高1级者有12例,2级者有4例;14例膀胱/直肠障碍者有5例完全恢复,8例有不同程度的改善,1例无变化。结论胸、腰椎爆裂型骨折伴不全性神经损伤患者经侧前路减压融合、Kane-da内固定器可较好地提供脊柱的即刻稳定性、矫正后凸畸形、有利于早期下床行走和防止继发性脊髓或马尾神经损伤。大多数不全性神经损伤的患者,其神经功能至少可提高1级,而脊髓圆锥创伤的患者可表现为部分直肠和膀胱功能的恢复。     

An unusual case of transfixation injury of the right atrium and lung

A case of transfixation injury of the heart and lung caused by a spear is reported. A bullock-cart proved handy to transport the patient with a 2-metre-long spear impaled in the chest. Withdrawal of the spear only after thracotomy was an essential step in the management and contributed to the successful outcome. Both right atrium and lung had wounds of entry and exit which is unusual.     

Cryptococcal thyroiditis: report of a case diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration cytology

A 54-yr-old female diabetic presented with a febrile illness and respiratory distress associated with bilateral alveolar infiltration. The left lobe of the thyroid gland was enlarged and failed to concentrate pertechnetate. The patient was euthyroid. Cryptococcus neoformans was recognized in a fine-needle aspirate and was confirmed by culture; it was also grown in blood culture. Death was attributed to the respiratory condition. This report emphasizes the emergence of mycotic infections of the thyroid and presents an efficient method for their identification.     

Acetylcholinesterase Immunolesioning: Regional Vulnerability of Preganglionic Sympathetic Neurons in Rat Spinal Cord

Rats given antibodies against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) develop sympathetic dysfunction stemming from losses of preganglionic neurons in spinal cord. Central effects of AChE antibodies are surprising since IgG does not readily cross the blood–brain barrier, and lesions of peripheral terminals should not cause cell death. This study was designed to explore the distribution of central neural damage and to investigate features that might account for vulnerability. Rat spinal cord and brainstem were stained for choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) immunoreactivity. Four months after administration of AChE antibodies, ChAT-positive neurons in the intermediolateral nucleus (IML) were 61–66% fewer throughout the thoracolumbar cord (T1, T2, T8, T12, L1). NOS-positive neurons in these loci were affected to the same extent by antibody-treatment, although they were only two-thirds as numerous. By contrast, neurons in the central autonomic nucleus of the thoracolumbar cord were scarcely affected. These results point to immunochemical differences in the central autonomic outflow, which may partially explain the puzzling selectivity of neural damage in AChE immunolesioning. Different results were obtained after guanethidine sympathectomy, which ablated nearly all neurons in the superior cervical ganglion without any effect on preganglionic neurons in the IML. Therefore, if the central effects of antibodies are indirectly mediated by loss of trophic support from the periphery, this support cannot arise from adrenergic neurons but must come from other ganglionic cells.