甲状腺结节的二维及彩色多普勒超声诊断研究

目的：探讨二维及彩色多普勒超声对甲状腺良、恶性结节的诊断及鉴别诊断价值。方法：120例甲状腺结节经二维超声了解其声像图表现，然后用彩色多普勒检查，观察结节内部及周边血流分布情况，并将其分为4级。结果：120例302个甲状腺结节中，良性结节264个，恶性结节38个。二维超声显示：恶性结节以实性低回声为主，内可见砂粒样钙化，边界不清，无声晕及包膜；良性结节以等、高回声及囊性、囊实性结节为主，形态规则，边界清，多有声晕及包膜。彩色多普勒超声显示：恶性结节的血流显示率明显高于良性结节，收缩期最高血流速度及阻力指数总体上高于良性结节，且以Ⅱ、Ⅲ级血流为主。结论：二维及彩色多普勒超声诊断甲状腺良、恶性结节准确率高。具有较大的临床应用价值。     

经尿道前列腺电汽化联合撬拨术治疗高龄前列腺增生症

目的探索微创手术治疗高龄前列腺增生症(benign prostatic hyperlasia,BPH)的安全有效新方法. 方法采用经尿道前列腺电汽化(transurethal vaporiyation of prostate,TUVP)联合撬拨术治疗80岁以上BPH 68例. 结果手术时间30～160 min,平均60 min,切除腺体重量12.5～98.5 g,平均37.6 g,术中出血量30～120 ml,平均65 ml,术后住院5～7 d,平均6 d.术后随访0.5～2年,国际前列腺症状评分由(23.5±4.2)分降至(6.5±2.1)分,生活质量评分由(4.6±0.6)分降至(2.2±0.2)分,最大尿流率由(8.7±4.3)ml/s升至(18.0±2.2)ml/s,剩余尿由(176.0±86.7)ml降至(12.2±2.4)ml.与术前相比,术后6个月均得到显著改善(P＜0.01). 结论 TUVP加撬拨术治疗高龄BPH安全有效,并发症少.     

电视硬质气管镜治疗大气道良性肿瘤

目的探讨电视硬质气管镜在大气道良性肿瘤治疗中的价值.方法2002年9月～2005年4月,我院应用电视硬质气管镜治疗大气道良性肿瘤7例,其中气管1例,隆突1例,左主支气管3例,右主支气管2例.手术采用静脉全身麻醉,喷射通气供氧,探查评估气道后,首先冷冻或电凝肿瘤,破坏肿瘤血供,再以活检钳分块取出,蒂部采用冷冻或氩气凝固处理;对于宽蒂肿瘤,内镜下将肿瘤主体清除后中转开胸行气管局部切除吻合术.结果7例手术均顺利,无一例死亡和严重并发症发生.6例气管窄蒂良性肿瘤镜下完整摘除,1例气管膜部宽蒂平滑肌瘤先内镜清除肿瘤主体后中转开胸行气管局部切除.术后病理为错构瘤2例,平滑肌瘤3例,嗜酸性肉芽肿性腺瘤1例,炎症组织1例.7例随访3～36个月,平均17.3月,无肿瘤复发.结论电视硬质气管镜治疗大气道良性肿瘤安全可靠.     

Prevalence of autoimmune diseases in islet transplant candidates with severe hypoglycaemia and glycaemic lability: previously undiagnosed coeliac and autoimmune thyroid disease is identified by screening.

AIMS: Autoimmune diseases such as Addison's or coeliac disease can contribute to hypoglycaemia or malabsorption and are more common in Type 1 diabetes (T1DM). This brief report describes the prevalence of known and newly detected autoimmune disease in clinical islet transplant candidates with longstanding T1DM and severe hypoglycaemia and/or glycaemic lability who are routinely screened for coexisting autoimmune disease. METHODS: One hundred and twenty-four C-peptide negative T1DM subjects [77 (62%) female, mean age 44 +/- 9 years, diabetes duration 28 +/- 11 years, body mass index 24.9 +/- 3.5 kg/m(2)] with indications for clinical islet transplantation at the University of Alberta were screened for autoimmune disease by history and measurement of anti-transglutaminase antibodies (positive > 10 U/ml), 09.00 h cortisol (followed by adrenocorticotrophic hormone-stimulation if < 495 nmol/l) and thyroid-stimulating hormone to determine the prevalence of coeliac disease, Addison's disease and autoimmune thyroid disease, respectively. RESULTS: Forty per cent of subjects had one or more coexisting autoimmune disease. The prevalence of autoimmune disease was 35%, coeliac disease 8% and Addison's disease 1.6%. In 11 individuals (9%), one or more autoimmune disease were newly detected (seven coeliac disease and five thyroid disease). Seven of 10 cases of coeliac disease were newly detected. A gluten-free diet in individuals with newly diagnosed coeliac disease reduced gastrointestinal symptoms, but indications for clinical islet cell transplantation persisted. CONCLUSIONS: Coexisting autoimmune disease is common in candidates for clinical islet cell transplantation. Screening in this group identified a substantial number of previously unrecognized cases. Clinicians should consider the presence of autoimmune disease even in the absence of classical symptoms.     

经阴道行良性卵巢囊肿剥离术195例报告

目的探讨经阴道行良性卵巢囊肿剥离术的临床实用价值.方法2001年1月2004年6月对有手术指征的良性卵巢囊肿195例实施阴式手术,并观察有关手术指标.结果经阴道完成手术190例,5例因盆腔广泛粘连中转开腹.手术时间45～83 min,平均50 min.术中出血30～90 ml,平均45 ml.术后排气时间4～24 h,平均8.5 h.术后病率18.4%(35/190).183例随访2周内恢复日常家务及工作者分别为72.1%(132/183)、48.1%(88/183).结论经阴道行良性卵巢囊肿剥离术是一种安全、微创的手术.     

Factors affecting early and long-term outcomes after completion pneumonectomy

Objective: To identify factors that affect operative mortality and morbidity and long-term survival after completion pneumonectomy. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the charts of consecutive patients who underwent completion pneumonectomy at our cardiothoracic surgery department from January 1996 to December 2005. Results: We identified 69 patients, who accounted for 17.8% of all pneumonectomies during the study period; 22 had benign disease and 47 malignant disease (second primary lung cancer, n = 19; local recurrence, n = 17; or metastasis, n = 11). There were 50 males and 19 females with a mean age of 60 years (range, 29–80 years). Postoperative mortality was 12% and postoperative morbidity 41%. Factors associated with postoperative mortality included obesity (p = 0.005), coronary artery disease (p = 0.03), removal of the right lung (p = 0.02), advanced age (p = 0.02), and renal failure (p < 0.0001). Preoperative renal failure was the only significant risk factor for mortality by multivariate analysis (p = 0.036). Bronchopleural fistula developed in seven patients (10%), with risk factors being removal of the right lung (p = 0.04) and mechanical stump closure (p = 0.03). Overall survival was 65% after 3 years and 46% after 5 years. Long-term survival was not affected by the reason for completion pneumonectomy. Conclusion: Although long-term survival was acceptable, postoperative mortality and morbidity rates remained high, confirming the reputation of completion pneumonectomy as a challenging procedure. Significant comorbidities and removal of the right lung were the main risk factors for postoperative mortality. Improved patient selection and better management of preoperative renal failure may improve the postoperative outcomes of this procedure, which offers a chance for prolonged survival.     

腮腺间隙良性肿瘤的MRI诊断

目的探讨腮腺间隙常见良性肿瘤的影像特征及其诊断与鉴别诊断。方法良性肿瘤20例，包括多形性腺瘤13例、乳头状淋巴囊腺瘤3例、淋巴管瘤2例、血管瘤1例、脂肪瘤1例。经手术病理证实15例，穿刺活检证实4例，典型MR特征结合病史确诊1例。结果13例多形性腺瘤中有11例位于腮腺浅叶，2例位于深叶；9例表现为均匀等T1长T2信号．4例在T2WI上信号明显不均匀；静脉注射Gd—UIPA后3例瘤实质均匀强化，4例增强后明显不均匀强化。3例Warthin瘤中2例发生于一侧，1例累及双侧腮腺，在T1WI上呈低信号，T2WI上信号等于或低于正常腺实质，增强后无明显强化。2例淋巴管瘤呈明显长T1长T2信号，并有多房现象。1例血管瘤信号不均质，呈明显长T1长T2信号，静1脉注射Gd—DTPA后病变往往显著异常强化。1例脂肪瘤在T1WI及T2WI上均表现为明显高信号强度。结论运用MR成像研究腮腺间隙的良性肿瘤，有利于疾病的定位，有助于病变的诊断与鉴别诊断。     

p21-ras、p53和VEGF在甲状腺乳头状癌中的表达及意义

目的　研究原癌基因Ras、抑癌基因p5 3及血管内皮生长因子 (VEGF)在甲状腺乳头状癌中的表达及相关性。方法　应用免疫组织化学S P法对 4 0例甲状腺乳头状癌中p2 1 ras、p5 3及VEGF的表达进行研究。结果　甲状腺乳头状癌中存在p2 1 ras、p5 3及VEGF的过度表达 ;VEGF的表达与p2 1 ras、p5 3的表达显著相关 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;VEGF的表达与甲状腺乳头状癌淋巴结转移显著相关 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　p2 1 ras、p5 3、VEGF在甲状腺乳头状癌的发生发展过程中起重要作用 ;VEGF的表达与p2 1 ras、p5 3表达显著相关 ,可能受其调控。     

He—Ne激光治疗声带小结的机理研究

我院应用He－Ne激光治疗551例声带小结，取得较好疗效。为研究作用机理，我们进行了免疫功能测定、测温试验、He－Ne激光照射前后的间接喉镜检查、显微结构研究、抑菌试验和过氧化脂质测定。结果提示He－Ne激光照射治疗声带小结的机理为照射后喉部温度升高、血管扩张、血循环加快，从而增强局部营养，促进喉部粘膜生长、消除组织水肿，加速炎性渗出物和毒素的排泄。而He－Ne激光本身没有杀菌和抑菌作用。     

33例肝占位性病变MRI误诊的分析

我院１９８８年以来４０００余例腹部ＭＲＩ中，发现肝占位性病变误诊３３例。所用机型为美国Ｄｉｓｏｎｉｃｓ公司０．５Ｔ超导ＭＲＩ，自旋回波序列（ＳＥ序列）、常规Ｔ１加权（Ｔ１ＷＩ）、质子加权（ＰＤＷＩ）、Ｔ２加权（Ｔ２ＷＩ），覆盖全肝。其中，ＰＨＣ误诊为ＭＨＣ５例、ＭＨＣ误诊为ＰＨＣ６例、ＰＨＣ误为ＨＨＥ５例、ＭＨＣ误诊为ＨＨＥ２例、ＨＨＥ误诊为ＰＨＣ６例、肝硬化结节误诊为ＰＨＣ２例、炎性假瘤误诊为ＰＨＣ３例、肝结核误诊为ＰＨＣ１例、ＨＣＹ误诊为ＨＨＥ３例。本文从病变的影像学特征和扫描技术方面详细探讨了误诊的原因和鉴别诊断要点。