参苓白术颗粒预防老年抗生素相关性肠道菌群失调的RCT研究

目的:观察参苓白术颗粒对住院老年人抗生素相关性肠道菌群失调的防治作用。方法:选择2012年5月~2014年5月住院老年重症肺炎患者100例,随机分配至对照组(单用美罗培南)和研究组(美罗培南+参苓白术颗粒),疗程14 d,治疗结束后判定疗效和菌群失调发生的情况。结果:美罗培南对老年重症肺炎患者有效果良好,对照组与研究组的有效率分别为68%和74%(P0.05);研究组患者肠道菌群失调的发生率、肠道二重感染的发生率显著低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:参苓白术颗粒用于预防住院老年患者抗生素相关性肠道菌群失调的发生疗效显著,可用于临床推广。     

槐耳及其复方制剂槐杞黄颗粒的研究进展

槐耳生长于槐树、洋槐及青檀等树上,为多孔菌科真菌槐菌栓的子实体,其菌盖半圆形,呈耳状,生长于古中国槐上,故古称"槐耳"。近年来研究发现,槐耳具有抗肿瘤及免疫调节等功效,其与枸杞子、黄精等配伍后可得到真菌类新药-槐杞黄颗粒,其更大程度的增强了机体的免疫调节功能。该文将对槐耳及其复方制剂槐杞黄颗粒近年来的研究进展予以综述。     

益肝颗粒对酒精性肝损伤大鼠保护作用的实验研究

[目的]探讨益肝颗粒对酒精性肝损伤的保护作用。[方法]以56度白酒灌胃（10ml／kg,2次／d,连续8周）的方法建立酒精性肝损伤大鼠模型,50只大鼠随机均分为空白组,模型组,益肝颗粒低剂量组（0．39g／ml益肝颗粒水溶液）,益肝颗粒高剂量组（O．78g／ml益肝颗粒水溶液）,茵栀黄颗粒组（0．012g／ml的茵栀黄颗粒水溶液）,3治疗组均7ml／（kg·次）,1次／d,连续28d。[结果]与模型组相比,益肝颗粒可以显著降低丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）、7-谷氨酰转移酶（GGT）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、丙二醛（MDA）水平（P〈O．01或〈O．05）,提高超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性（P〈0．01）,而且,益肝颗粒高剂量组AST、ALT水平及肝组织内MDA水平低于茵栀黄颗粒组（P〈O．01或〈O．05）,SOD水平高于茵栀黄颗粒组（P〈O．05）。[结论]益肝颗粒可以有效降低血清ALT、AST、GGT、TNF-α及MDA水平,提高SOD活性,促进酒精在体内的代谢,保护肝细胞。     

槐耳颗粒逆转肝癌细胞对索拉非尼耐药的初步研究

目的 初步探讨槐耳颗粒对索拉非尼（Sorafenib）耐药肝癌细胞BEL-7402/S的作用及其相关机制。方法 CCK-8法测定槐耳颗粒对BEL-7402/S细胞的增殖-毒性作用以及对Sorafenib的耐药逆转倍数;qPCR及Western blot法检测槐耳颗粒对BEL-7402/S细胞的缺氧诱导因子-1α（HIF-1α）及血管内皮生长因子（VEGF） mRNA和蛋白表达水平的影响。结果 槐耳颗粒能够抑制BEL-7402/S细胞的活性;在无显著细胞毒性的剂量下,槐耳颗粒能够部分逆转BEL-7402/S细胞对Sorafenib的耐药,其耐药逆转倍数为2.08;qPCR结果显示槐耳颗粒可以下调BEL-7402/S细胞中HIF-1α的mRNA水平,但对VEGF的mRNA水平无显著性影响;Western blot结果显示槐耳颗粒可以降低HIF-1α、VEGF的蛋白表达水平。结论 槐耳颗粒可能具有部分逆转BEL-7402/S细胞对Sorafenib耐药的作用,其机制可能与降低HIF-1α以及VEGF的表达水平有关。      

氨溴特罗口服液治疗小儿支气管肺炎的疗效观察简

目的 探讨氨溴特罗口服液治疗小儿支气管肺炎的疗效.方法 78例患儿随机分为两组,观察组采用氨溴特罗口服液治疗,对照组采用盐酸氨溴索颗粒治疗,比较两组疗效、咳嗽咳痰评分和免疫指标变化.结果 观察组有效率89.74%,对照组71.79%,观察组疗效优于对照（Ridit z=48.478,P=0.000）;治疗3 d后观察组咳嗽、咳痰情况优于对照（P〈0.05）;两组IgG差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）.结论 氨溴特罗口服液治疗小儿支气管肺炎起效快,且能调理患儿免疫功能,值得临床推广和应用.     

The PFA‐100® does not predict delta‐granule platelet storage pool deficiencies

Summary.  There are no published reports investigating the ability of the platelet function analyzer (PFA‐100^®) to detect the presence of delta‐granule platelet storage pool deficiencies (δ‐PSPD), a common mild bleeding disorder. Prior studies of the PFA‐100^® and congenital platelet disorders have been limited by small numbers of patients with a variety of disorders. We examined PFA‐100^® results in a large paediatric patient population diagnosed specifically with δ‐PSPD, and determined the relationship between PFA‐100^® and platelet electron microscopy (the gold standard for diagnosis). This study is a retrospective review of patients <19 years of age diagnosed with δ‐PSPD at Nationwide Children’s Hospital from 2008 to 2010. To examine the correlation between PFA‐100^® and average number of granules per platelet we used Spearman’s Rho as a non‐parametric measure of dependence. A total of 105 patients diagnosed with δ‐PSPD were included, of which 99 patients underwent PFA‐100^® testing. Of those tested 46% had at least one abnormal closure time, whereas 16% had abnormal results for both cartridges. We found no statistical correlation between C‐EPI closure time and average number of granules per platelet (ρ= ?0.0095, P‐value = 0.9328), nor between C‐ADP closure time and the average number of granules (ρ = 0.0315, P‐value = 0.7798). The PFA‐100^®, a widely used screening test for suspected bleeding disorders, did not correlate with presence or severity of δ‐PSPD as determined by platelet electron microscopy. When evaluating patients with suspected bleeding disorders, PFA‐100^® alone cannot be used to rule out the presence of a δ‐PSPD.     

调中颗粒治疗寒热错杂型功能性消化不良的临床疗效及对血浆胃肠激素水平的影响

[目的]观察调中颗粒对寒热错杂型功能性消化不良(FD)的临床治疗效果及血浆胃肠激素水平的变化.[方法]寒热错杂型FD患者210例,随机分为2组,各105例,治疗组予调中颗粒,对照组予多潘立酮片,2组疗程均为4周.[结果]治疗组、对照组临床疗效总有效率分别为91.43％和76.19％,组间临床疗效比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).治疗组各项中医症候单项症状改善治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).治疗组血浆胃动素及促胃液素水平较前升高明显,与对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).2组治疗期间均未发生不良事件.[结论]调中颗粒可通过对血浆胃肠激素水平的影响缓解寒热错杂型FD患者的临床症状.     

运脾颗粒对脾虚型慢传输型便秘小鼠SP和VIP含量的影响

为观察运脾颗粒对脾虚型慢传输型便秘小鼠肠道传输功能及结肠组织中P物质（sP）和血管活性肠肽（VIP）含量的影响,探讨运脾颗粒治疗脾虚型慢传输型便秘的药效与机制,为该药治疗便秘提供科学依据。采用复合造模法建立小鼠脾虚型慢传输型便秘模型,将小鼠分为空白对照组（A组）、模型对照组（B组）、麻仁对照组（c组）、运脾颗粒大剂量组（D组）、运脾颗粒中剂量组（E组）、运脾颗粒小剂量组（F组）,分别灌服相应药物,末次灌胃后测量肠道墨汁推进率;按放射免疫试剂盒方法分别测出结肠组织匀浆中SP、VIP的含量。结果显示,运脾颗粒能明显提高小鼠肠道传输功能,D组效果优于C组（P〈0．05）。运脾颗粒可明显增加便秘模型小鼠结肠组织中SP及VIP的含量,D、E、F组均优于c组（P〈O．05）,D组最明显（P〈0．01）。结果表明,运脾颗粒能明显提高小鼠肠道传输功能,且各项指标均优于C组（P〈0．05）,其机制可能是通过升高慢传输型便秘小鼠结肠中SP及VIP的含量来提高肠道传输功能。     

Postnatal di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate exposure affects hippocampal dentate gyrus morphogenesis

Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) is the most commonly used phthalate for the production of flexible polyvinyl chloride. Recent studies in humans reported a widespread DEHP exposure, raising concerns in infants whose metabolic and excretory systems are immature. DEHP is a potential endocrine-disrupting chemical, but the effects of postnatal DEHP exposure on neuronal development are unclear. The dentate gyrus (DG) is critical in the consolidation of information from short- to long-term memory, as well as spatial learning. We evaluated neurodevelopmental toxicity due to neonatal DEHP exposure by assessing neurogenesis in the DG. Newborn mice were orally administered DEHP from postnatal day (PND) 12 to 25. We performed immunostaining using neuronal markers at different stages to assess whether DEHP exposure affects neurons at specific differentiation stages at PND 26 and PND 110. We found that in mice, postnatal DEHP exposure led to a decrease in the number of Type-1, -2a, -2b, and -3 neural progenitor cells, as well as granule cells in the hippocampal DG at PND 26. Further, the results showed that neural progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation were also reduced in the hippocampal DG of the DEHP-exposed mice. However, no effect on memory and learning was observed. Overall, our results suggest that neurodevelopmental toxicity due to postnatal DEHP exposure might affect postnatal DG morphogenesis.     

基于HPLC指纹图谱评价的当归补血汤传统汤剂与配方颗粒汤剂的成分差异分析

目的以当归补血汤为研究对象,比较其传统汤剂、自制配方颗粒汤剂与市售配方颗粒剂化学成分种类和含量的差异,为中药配方颗粒的临床应用提供科学依据。方法采用HPLC建立指纹图谱,从化学成分的种类、指标性成分含量、共有峰峰面积总和、指纹图谱的相似度4个方面进行评价。结果色谱峰数目由传统汤剂的15个共有色谱峰到配方颗粒的13个(A厂)、12个(自制)、11个(B厂)、9个(C厂)。指标成分的含量上,配方颗粒中阿魏酸含量与传统汤剂存在显著性差异(P0.05),其中阿魏酸含量:传统汤剂A厂配方颗粒汤剂自制配方颗粒汤剂B厂配方颗粒汤剂C厂配方颗粒汤剂;毛蕊异黄酮苷含量:自制配方颗粒汤剂传统汤剂A厂配方颗粒汤剂B厂配方颗粒汤剂C厂配方颗粒汤剂。配方颗粒汤剂中共有峰峰面积的总和均低于传统汤剂,若传统汤剂为1,其他(自制和A、B、C 3厂家)分别相当于0.95、0.66、0.40、0.47。自制配方颗粒汤剂以及A、B厂配方颗粒与传统汤剂相比相似度较高(0.97、0.96、0.98),C厂家稍低(0.85)。通过对当归补血汤主要色谱峰进行归属发现,其色谱峰基本均来自各单味药材,在本实验条件下,未见明显的新化学成分的产生,配方颗粒汤剂较传统汤剂有成分的消失。结论当归补血汤传统汤剂与配方颗粒汤剂相比,传统汤剂无论在指标成分的含量还是特征图谱中色谱峰的数量上均高于配方颗粒汤剂,两者存在一定的差异。这表明配方颗粒标识的临床当量与汤剂实际不符,应对中药配方颗粒的临床推荐当量进行校正,促进临床合理应用;同时也为国家中药配方颗粒质量的统一化管理提供科学的研究思路。