Intravascular ultrasound in interventional radiology

Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) imaging provides useful additional information to X-ray angiography in selected cases of balloon angioplasty and stent placement with complex vascular anatomy and unclear findings at angiography. It facilitates accurate measurements of the vessel dimensions and reveals the extent of the disease for the selection of proper angioplasty balloon size, as well as confirms full expansion and attachment of the stent or stent graft to the arterial wall. Intravascular US imaging contributes useful information for the basis of planning surgical or endovascular therapy of aortic dissection and is valuable for guiding percutaneous fenestration of the dissection flap. This imaging modality facilitates placement of vena cava filter without cavography and/or fluoroscopy in patients with contraindication for iodine contrast media and/or X-ray fluoroscopy. Technical development may further increase utility of IVUS imaging in interventional radiology. Received: 22 May 2000; Accepted: 7 June 2000     

A catheter technique in ophthalmic regional anaesthesia. Clinical investigations

BACKGROUND: Usually general anaesthesia is chosen if ophthalmic surgery of longer duration is expected. Our goal was to introduce a flexible catheter preoperatively into the extra- or intraconal space and to provide sufficient anaesthesia by continuous administration of a local anaesthetic via the catheter. METHODS: The continuous anaesthetic technique was applied in 28 patients undergoing vitreoretinal surgery. An indwelling catheter was introduced in 20 patients into the intraconal and in 8 patients into the extraconal space. In 6 patients, the position of the catheter was controlled by ultrasound examination prior to the injection of the local anaesthetic agent. RESULTS: For all patients adequate anaesthesia could be achieved and maintained with continuous retrobulbar administration (CRA) of a local anaesthetic by catheter. There were two patients who experienced moderate pain intraoperatively during continuous peribulbar administration (CPA). No complications occurred with the placement of the catheters. The catheter did not disturb the surgeon or the process of the ophthalmic surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Continuous administration of a local anaesthetic agent via an indwelling catheter into the intraconal space allowed ophthalmic anaesthesia without time restriction. Thus, CRA is a good alternative to general anaesthesia for patients undergoing long-lasting ophthalmic surgery.     

经皮心包穿刺置管引流大量心包积液21例

目的:探讨经皮心包穿刺置管引流大量心包积液的可行性、安全性.方法:分析1999年3月～2004年3月收治的21例大量心包积液临床资料.结果:21例患者均一次引流成功,病因分析;心包转移瘤(8例)、结核性心包炎(5例)、甲状腺功能减退症(2例)、系统性红斑狼疮(1例)、尿毒症(2例)、不明原因(3例).结论:经皮心包穿刺置管引流大量心包积液的可行、安全.     

新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病及脑室扩大的随访

目的探对影响新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病(HIE)及脑室扩大患儿预后的因素 方法 对我院2002年1-12月收治的足月新生儿HIE 76例出院后进行3-19个月随访,其中26例在"SARS"期间改用电话随访 结果 住院HIE患儿88例,随访76例(86.4％),健康存活73例(96.1％),死亡2例(2.6％),脑瘫1例(1.3％) 轻度HIE 39例无后遗症;中度35例中脑瘫、死亡各1例(各2.9％),重度2例中死亡1例(50％),另1例无后遗症 有阿氏评分记录者71例,其中1 mm 8-10分30例中脑瘫1例(3％),1mm≤7分、5mm8-10分者17例均无后遗症;1mm、5mm均≤7分者24例中死亡2例(8％) 预后不良与胎儿发育迟缓、重度窒息、治疗不当等有关 头颅B超随访49例,脑室扩大12例(24.5％),其中出生时即有、随访中出现各6例,后者脑瘫1例,余在12-19个月恢复正常 结论 影响HIE预后不良的因素与胎儿发育迟缓、重度窒息、治疗不当等有关随访中可见一过性脑室扩大,预后良好     

非接触心内膜激动标测系统指导疑难心律失常消融的临床研究

目的 研究非接触心内膜激动标测系统指导疑难心律失常的标测与消融的有效性与优越性。方法 12例患者，男性9例，女性3例，年龄28-76岁，电生理检查为右室特发性室性早搏1例，左室特发性室性心动过速2例，左房房性心动过速1例，右房房性心动过速2例，左房心房颤动6例．其中4例常规电生理标测消融末成功，1例成功后复发．经股静脉置入64极球囊电极和射频消融导管至同一心腔．计算机标测系统首先构建心腔几何构型，然后建立心动过速的腔内等电势图，分析心动过速的起源点及关键峡部，利用计算机导航系统指导消融导管至拟定靶点处进行消融，结果 1例起源于右室流出道偏间隔的室性早搏患者行片状消融获得成功；2例左室特发性室性心动过速标测其心动过速起源于左后中间隔及左后间隔区域行片状消融成功；1例左房房性心动过速标测其心动过速起源于右肺下静脉间隔部并指引消融导管行右肺下静脉至二尖瓣之间线性消融获得成功；2例右房房性心动过速巾1例标测其最早激动点位于下腔静脉口，此处行环状消融获得成功，另1例位于上腔静脉后方穿过界嵴中部线性消融获得成功；6例左房房颤患者1例在窦性心律卜标测其敛房颤房早起源于左右上肺静脉之间，行线性消融成功，另5例在房颤发作下标测其房颤起源折返部位，分别行右上下肺静脉、左上下肺静脉、左右上肺静脉之间、左下肺静脉与二尖瓣峡部之间线件消融成功，12例患者术中、术后均无并发症，随访2—26个月，无1例复发．结论 非接触心内膜激动标测系统指导心律失常的心内膜标测与消融是安全有效的，对复杂、难治性心律失常的电生理机制的阐明和指导消融具有较好的临床应用价值，     

快速原位诊断中心静脉导管相关性血行感染方法的建立

目的建立并评价一种快速原位诊断中心静脉导管相关性血行感染(CRBSI)的方法. 方法应用革兰-吖啶橙白细胞染色检测法检测115例疑为中心静脉CRBSI的患者,与常规培养方法相比较,评价其敏感性、特异性及可行性. 结果 115例中有43例(37%)被革兰-吖啶橙白细胞染色检测法诊断为中心静脉CRBSI,以常规方法作参照,敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及准确度分别为95%、93%、88%、97%、94%,在对革兰阳性菌、革兰阴性菌和真菌鉴别诊断中,亦获得了较高的敏感性和特异性. 结论革兰-吖啶橙白细胞染色检测法可作为原位诊断中心静脉CRBSI的简单、实用的方法,有助于早期诊断及指导针对性应用抗生素.     

慢性泪囊炎泪道引流管置入术后导管留置最佳时机探讨

目的：探讨慢性泪囊炎行泪道引流管置入术后导管留置的最佳时机。

方法：回顾性选取2011-04/2016-10于我院行泪道引流管置入术的慢性泪囊炎患者143例143眼,根据术后导管留置时间进行分组,其中A组患者50例50眼术后导管留置6wk,B组患者57例57眼术后导管留置9wk,C组患者36例36眼术后导管留置12wk。比较三组患者术后临床疗效、视力、溢泪和复发情况及并发症发生情况。

结果：拔管当天,A组和B组患者临床疗效总有效率(94%和93%)优于C组(39%)(均P<0.0167),但拔管后3mo,三组患者临床疗效总有效率(56%、51%、36%)、视力、溢泪发生率(46%、53%、56%)均无明显差异。拔管后随访6mo,三组患者术后复发率(4%、7%、19%)无明显差异(P=0.056),但C组患者术后并发症发生率(25%)明显高于A组(4%)和B组(7%)(均P<0.0167)。

结论：慢性泪囊炎行泪道引流管置入术后导管留置6wk或9wk临床获益优于12wk,更具临床应用价值。     

经胸壁插管气道球囊封堵治疗巨大肺脓肿

目的探讨经双路（经胸壁肺脓肿内置管、经气道球囊导管封堵肺脓肿支气管）治疗肺脓肿的新方法,并评价其疗效及安全性。方法38例肺脓肿患者随机分为两组。A组：经胸壁肺脓肿内置入中心静脉导管（导管）。B组：在A组基础上,经气道置入双腔球囊漂浮导管（球囊导管）。结果B组有效16例,A组10例,两组间疗效有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。A组并发症明显多于B组。结论经胸壁肺脓肿内置管,同时经气道置入球囊导管封堵肺脓肿引流支气管的方法,是治疗肺脓肿的一种安全和有效的新方法。