Dynamic functional connectivity of the EEG in relation to outcome of postanoxic coma

ObjectiveEarly EEG contains reliable information for outcome prediction of comatose patients after cardiac arrest. We introduce dynamic functional connectivity measures and estimate additional predictive values.MethodsWe performed a prospective multicenter cohort study on continuous EEG for outcome prediction of comatose patients after cardiac arrest. We calculated Link Rates (LR) and Link Durations (LD) in the α, δ, and θ band, based on similarity of instantaneous frequencies in five-minute EEG epochs, hourly, during 3 days after cardiac arrest. We studied associations of LR and LD with good (Cerebral Performance Category (CPC) 1–2) or poor outcome (CPC 3–5) with univariate analyses. With random forest classification, we established EEG-based predictive models. We used receiver operating characteristics to estimate additional values of dynamic connectivity measures for outcome prediction.ResultsOf 683 patients, 369 (54%) had poor outcome. Patients with poor outcome had significantly lower LR and longer LD, with largest differences 12 h after cardiac arrest (LR_θ 1.87 vs. 1.95 Hz and LD_α 91 vs. 82 ms). Adding these measures to a model with classical EEG features increased sensitivity for reliable prediction of poor outcome from 34% to 38% at 12 h after cardiac arrest.ConclusionPoor outcome is associated with lower dynamics of connectivity after cardiac arrest.SignificanceDynamic functional connectivity analysis may improve EEG based outcome prediction.     

彩色多普勒超声在诊断致密型乳腺癌患者术后对侧乳腺癌中的价值

目的:探讨彩色多普勒超声检查在提高致密型乳腺癌患者术后对侧乳腺癌(contralateral breast cancer,CBC)检出率中的应用价值。方法:对我院乳腺癌患者行术后常规乳腺超声及钼靶检查，229名患者考虑对侧乳腺病变，根据腺体含量对其进行分型，并应用BI-RADS分级对病变进行评估。结果:超声诊断CBC的特异性、准确率与阳性预测值均明显好于钼靶检查，致密型乳腺钼靶CBC检出率明显下降，超声检查CBC检出率明显增高，BI-RADS 4A与4B分级中脂肪型及少量腺体型乳腺钼靶CBC的检出率明显高于超声检查，BI-RADS 4C与5分级中，乳腺分型对超声及钼靶筛查CBC的结果影响不大。结论:超声及钼靶的联合检查在CBC的检出中发挥重要作用，而乳腺分型与BI-RADS分类诊断对乳腺肿瘤的临床诊断效能和应用价值意义重大。     

CML Case Studies: Impact of Comorbidities

Clinicians have the choice of five approved tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) to select from for chronic phase CML patients. The best frontline drug for each patient and decisions about if and when to change to another TKI or to stop therapy need to be considered in the context of the comorbidities present. These issues are explored in three illustrative cases. The predominant toxicity issue for all of the TKIs except imatinib is vascular occlusive events, so a systematic approach to assessing

Discussion

The excellent long-term outcomes achieved in most CML patients has led to a revision of the goals of therapy.¹³ While preventing progression to blast crisis remains an important goal, avoiding organ toxicity may be equally important, since deaths from causes other than CML are much more common than CML-related deaths. Patients most at risk of organ toxicity are those patients with comorbidities, particularly those patients with comorbidities that increase their risk of vascular events.

References

• 1.Saußele S, Krauß MP, Hehlmann R, Lauseker M, Proetel U et al, Impact of comorbidities on overall survival in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia: results of the randomized CML Study IV. Blood. 2015;126:42-49.
• 2.Hochhaus A, Saglio G, Hughes TP, Larson RA, Kim D-W et al. Long-term benefits and risks of frontline nilotinib vs imatinib for chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase: 5-year update of the randomized ENESTnd trial. Leukemia. 2016; 30:1044–1054.
• 3.Castagnetti F, Gugliotta G, Breccia M,

     

Impact of whole egg intake on blood pressure,lipids and lipoproteins in middle-aged and older population: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Background and aimEffects of whole egg consumption on cardiovascular diseases (CVD) risk in the middle-aged and older population remain unclear due to inconsistent findings from observational and randomized controlled trials (RCTs). This meta-analysis aimed to assess the impacts of whole egg and egg category (whole eggs versus egg substitutes) intake quantity on CVD risk factors from systematically searched RCTs. Egg substitutes were hypothesized to have minimal effects of the blood lipid and lipoprotein profile as they are void of dietary cholesterol.Methods and resultsAs many as 434 studies identified from PubMed, Cochrane Library, CINAHL and Medline (Ovid) databases were screened and data were extracted from 8 selected RCTs. Quality of the selected studies were assessed and the overall effect sizes of weighted mean differences (WMD) were calculated using a random effects model. Non-differential effects in blood pressures, lipids and lipoproteins were observed when >4 whole eggs/week compared to ≤4 whole eggs/week were consumed. Intake of >4 whole eggs/week compared to equivalent amounts of egg substitutes caused greater elevations in blood total cholesterol (WMD: 0.198 mmol/L; 95% CIs: 0.056, 0.339), HDL cholesterol (WMD: 0.068 mmol/L; 95% CIs: 0.006, 0.130) and LDL cholesterol (WMD: 0.171 mmol/L; 95% CIs: 0.028, 0.315) but did not differentially affect triglycerides concentration.ConclusionOverall, the results support the notion that quantity of whole egg intake does not affect CVD risk factors and consuming egg substitutes may also be beneficial compared to whole eggs on lowering CVD risk in the middle-aged and older population.     

超声造影检查在乳腺BI-RADS 4类的乳腺肿块良恶性鉴别诊断中的价值

目的:探讨超声造影检查在常规超声诊断为乳腺BI-RADS 4类的乳腺肿块良恶性鉴别诊断中的价值。方法:对2016年7月至2017年10月在西安交通大学第一附属医院门诊就诊并经常规超声诊断为乳腺BI-RADS 4类的76例患者共76个乳腺肿块进行超声造影检查,以穿刺活检或手术切除病理结果为金标准建立诊断试验分析。结果:最终病理证实良性病变53例（良性组）,恶性病变23例（恶性组）。超声造影特点如形态不规则、边界不清晰、有穿入或扭曲血管、对比剂不均匀性增强、内部有充盈缺损及造影后面积较二维增大在恶性组的比例显著高于良性组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。超声造影诊断乳腺BI-RADS 4类病灶良恶性鉴别诊断的敏感度、特异度及准确性分别为96%、85%和88%。结论:良恶性乳腺肿块的超声造影特征明显不同,超声造影可以有效鉴别BI-RADS 4类乳腺病灶的良恶性,有望提高穿刺活检的恶性检出率。     

Progression of Treated versus Untreated Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System Category 4 Masses after Transcatheter Arterial Embolization Therapy

Purpose

To compare outcomes of treated vs untreated Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System category 4 (LR-4) masses after transcatheter arterial embolization.

Role of BI-RADS Ultrasound Subcategories 4A to 4C in Predicting Breast Cancer

Background

The Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) ultrasound (US) categorization revised in 2013 by the American College of Radiology resulted in unquestionable standardization of reports and confirmed category 3 and 5 as benign and malignant lesions, respectively. In contrast, suspected images (category 4) have subcategorization criteria, although theses have been detailed difficult to apply. The aim of the present study was to determine the role of the US 4A to 4C BI-RADS subcategories in predicting malignancy.

剪切波弹性成像技术定量评估肿块周围组织硬度对乳腺良恶性肿瘤鉴别诊断的价值

目的:探讨剪切波弹性成像技术定量评估肿块周围组织硬度在乳腺良恶性肿瘤诊断中的应用价值。 方法:收集2019年7月至2022年6月,在我院经手术病理结果证实的乳腺肿瘤患者141例,共152 个肿块,良性肿块66个,恶性肿块86个,进行BI-RADS 分类并测量肿块及周围1 mm、2 mm、3 mm范围组织弹性模量值（Emax、Emean、Esd、Emin、SEmax1、SEmean1、SEsd1、SEmin1、SEmax2、SEmean2、SEsd2、SEmin2、SEmax3、SEmean3、SEsd3、SEmin3）,比较良恶性肿块及其周围组织这16组参数之间的差异。 以病理诊断为金标准,绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC),比较各参数的曲线下面积(AUC),获得诊断价值最大的参数。结果:乳腺良恶性肿块及其周围组织弹性模量值差异均具有统计学意义,Emax、Emean、Esd值恶性肿块高于良性,Emin恶性肿块低于良性;Emax、SEmax1、SEmax2、SEmax3,4组参数的AUC值均大于0.90,其中SEmax2的AUC值最大,为0.958,诊断截断值为>128.33 kPa,诊断的敏感性77.9%,特异性85.0%,准确率85.5%。 结论:乳腺良恶性肿块周围2 mm范围组织的SEmax2值诊断效能最高,诊断的敏感性、特异性、准确率均优于二维超声,有良好的临床应用价值。