骶骨耳状面倾斜度及相关径线

对36具成人骶骨耳状面倾斜度及相关径线测量结果,显示男性耳状面长轴的前倾度显著大于女性;耳状面上部的侧倾度和后倾度显著大于下部;耳状面中间部的宽度及后倾度在男、女性间有显著性差异。     

Fetal and postnatal development of the patella, patellar tendon and suprapatella in the rabbit; changes in the distribution of the fibrillar collagens

The development of the patella, its associated tendons, and suprapatella of the rabbit knee joint is described from the 17 d fetus to the mature adult. The patellar tendon (ligament) with the patella on its posterior surface is seen in the 17 d fetus and is fully developed by 1 postnatal wk. It is composed of bundles of types I and V collagens separated by endotenons of types III and V collagens. Anteriorly there is an epitenon of types III and V collagens while synovium and a fat pad cover its posterior surface. In the 25 d fetus, the patella is cartilaginous and is separated from the femoral condyles. The cartilage contains type II collagen, but types I, III and V collagens are found along the articular surface. Ossification starts 1 postnatal wk and at 6 wk only the articular cartilage remains. In addition to type II, types III and V collagens are located around the chondrocyte lacunae. The long anterior junction between the patella and its tendon is fibrocartilaginous at 1 wk, but as ossification proceeds this is replaced by bone. Types I and V collagens are found in this region. The suprapatella on the posterior surface of the quadriceps tendon is first seen 1 wk postnatally as an area of irregularly organised fibres and chondrocyte-like cells. Types I, II, III and V collagens are present from 3 wk onwards. It is compared with the fibrocartilage of other tendons that are under compression. The arrangement of the collagens in the patellar tendon is discussed in relation to its use as a replacement for injured anterior cruciate ligaments. It is suggested that the structural differences between the patellar tendon and anterior cruciate ligament preclude the translocated tendon acquiring mechanical strength similar to that of a normal cruciate ligament. The designation 'patellar ligament' as opposed to 'patellar tendon' is questioned. It is argued that the term patellar tendon reflects its structure more accurately than patellar ligament.     

正常国人腰间盘纤维软骨粘弹性实验研究

研究了正常国人急性外伤致死的成人新鲜尸体10个腰间盘L3-4、14-5纤维软骨的力学性质。以一维拉伸的方法得出了L3-4、L4-5腰间盘纤维软骨的破坏载荷、伸长比、Lagrange张应力、Lagrange张应变等数据。以多项式，用回归分析方法得出椎间盘L3-4、L4-5纤维软骨的应力-应变关系表达式及应力-应变曲线。还对椎间盘L3-4、L4-5纤维软骨进行拉伸应力松弛、蠕变实验。得出了椎间盘L3-4、L4-5纤维软骨的归一化应力松弛函数、蠕变函数G(t)、J(t)表达式。以冯元桢教授的软组织大变形准线性理论，构建了L3-4、L4-5椎间盘纤维软骨的松弛函数K(λ，t)=G(t)T^(e)(λ)的表达式，对实验结果进行分析讨论。     

Redundant function of the heparan sulfate 6-O-endosulfatases Sulf1 and Sulf2 during skeletal development

Modification of the sulfation pattern of heparan sulfate (HS) during organ development is thought to regulate binding and signal transduction of several growth factors. The secreted sulfatases, Sulf1 and Sulf2, desulfate HS on 6-O-positions extracellularly. We show that both sulfatases are expressed in overlapping patterns during embryonic skeletal development. Analysis of compound mutants of Sulf1 and Sulf2 derived from gene trap insertions and targeted null alleles revealed subtle but distinct skeletal malformations including reduced bone length, premature vertebrae ossification and fusions of sternebrae and tail vertebrae. Molecular analysis of endochondral ossification points to a function of Sulf1 and Sulf2 in delaying the differentiation of endochondral bones. Penetrance and severity of the phenotype increased with reduced numbers of functional alleles indicating redundant functions of both sulfatases. The mild skeletal phenotype of double mutants suggests a role for extracellular modification of 6-O-sulfation in fine-tuning rather than regulating the development of skeletal structures.     

软骨组织工程中力学因素的影响及应用

力学因素是软骨组织工程中的重要影响因素之一。近年来的研究表明，力学作用可以刺激细胞因子及激素的分泌，改变三维支架上培养的软骨细胞的新陈代谢，从而促进软骨组织的生长与重建。目前已经有诸多关于体外构建软骨组织的报道，但对于其中的力学因素的影响（包括力学因素对软骨细胞增殖的促进及力学刺激的传导机制等）还没有完全认识。就以上几方面做一综述，并简单介绍生物反应器在软骨组织工程中的应用。     

Amelioration of established murine collagen-induced arthritis with anti-IL-1 treatment.

Inflammatory cytokines have been implicated in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. To validate a key role for IL-1 in arthritic processes we have studied the protective effect of neutralizing antimurine IL-1 antibodies in the murine collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model. Combination of anti-IL-1 alpha and anti-IL-1 beta given before onset of arthritis was shown to prevent disease completely. Remarkably, a single treatment was also highly effective in the established phase of arthritis, reducing both inflammation as well as cartilage destruction. Suppression was most pronounced with the combination, but anti-IL-1 beta alone also induced significant relief. Finally, we studied the protective effect of IL-1 neutralization on cartilage metabolism in a unilateral expression model of collagen arthritis. To this end zymosan was injected in one knee joint before onset of disease, resulting in accelerated expression in that particular joint and the draining paw. Anti-IL-1 treatment started after accelerated expression of arthritis was able to fully normalize chondrocyte synthetic function, which was highly suppressed in the control group. It is concluded that IL-1 is an important determinant in both inflammation and cartilage destruction in collagen arthritis, and this may have implications for therapy in human arthritis.     

耳大神经及腮腺筋膜解剖的再认识与腮腺切除手术的改良

目的：对耳大神经及腮腺筋膜解剖进行再认识，由此改良腮腺切除手术方法。方法：解剖成人尸体10侧，术中活体解剖20侧，对耳大神经和腮腺筋膜的解剖要素进行观察。根据观察结果进行改良腮腺切除术14例，即在腮腺筋膜表面翻瓣后，由前向后另翻腮腺筋膜瓣，切除腮腺后将筋膜瓣复位缝合，完整保留耳大神经和腮腺筋膜。结果：耳大神经在下颌角水平之上0-2cm依次分耳后、耳垂、耳前支，神经主干末段和分支起始段均分布于腮腺筋膜浅层表面，后者致密，其致密纤维包裹在神经周围。改良手术后2例（14．3％）发生轻度Frey’s综合征，无1例发生术区皮肤长期麻木、长期面瘫、涎瘘及肿瘤复发。结论：耳大神经各分支和腮腺筋膜具有不可代替的解剖生理功能，改良术式能将两者完好保留，显著降低术后并发症。     

Relations between Meckel's cartilage and the morphogenesis of the mandible in the human embryo

Summary Based on a series of human embryos classified in stages [28], the authors studied the evolution of Meckel's cartilage in its ventral portion and its relations to the morphogenesis of the mandible. Three stages appeared particularly important: stage 16, appearance of Meckel's cartilage; stage 20, beginning of membranous ossification; and stage 23, end of the embryonic period (8th week). The primitive bony nodule which develops from the embryonic mesenchyme appears as a double bony layer forming a groove containing the neurovascular bundle, into which the dental lamina is also invaginated.

---

Relations entre le cartilage de Meckel et la morphogénèse de la mandibule chez l'embryon humain

Résumé A partir d'une série d'embryons humains classés en stades [28], les auteurs étudient l'évolution du cartilage de Meckel dans sa portion ventrale et ses relations avec la morphogénèse de la mandibule. Trois stades apparaissent comme particulièrement importants : Stade 16 : Apparition du cartilage de Meckel ; Stade 20 : Début de l'ossification membraneuse. Stade 23 : Fin de la période embryonnaire (8ème semaine). Le nodule osseux primitif, qui s'est formé aux dépens du mésenchyme embryonnaire, se présente sous l'aspect d'une double lame osseuse formant une gouttière, lit du paquet vasculo-nerveux, dans laquelle vient également s'invaginer la lame dentaire.

     

耳穴静态电测量中的瞬变响应

耳穴电参数时变关系实验表明，在测量起始ｔ＜２τ时，因瞬变作用，电位Ｅ（ｔ）和压降Ｕ（ｔ）为瞬态响应，响应函数呈指数关系，特征参数为弛豫时间τ，τ≈ＲＣ；ｔ＞２τ时，为时变间期。电路分析给出数学描述，并与耳穴和模拟实验结果较相符。提示，时变特征应以ｔ＞２τ后提取，静态电测量时，采样应避开瞬变期，可提高准确性。该工作对正确鉴别时变性和特征提取，全面认识耳穴电特性具有重要意义。