婴儿饮食行为量表的编制与评价

目的 旨在编制一套具有高信效度的本土化婴儿饮食行为量表,以早期识别、预防婴儿饮食行为的发生。方法 对281名6~11月龄婴儿进行初始问卷调查。运用因子分析、区分度分析、Cronbach's α系数及Spearman相关分析筛选条目,形成试用问卷。对935名6~11月龄婴儿行试用问卷调查,筛选条目并形成正式量表。运用折半信度、重测信度、探索性因子分析和验证性因子分析等方法评价量表的信效度。结果 1)形成包含6个维度、33个条目的婴儿饮食行为量表,Cronbach's α系数为0.910,折半信度为0.927,重测信度为0.693,与各维度的相关系数为0.266~0.752。验证性因子分析示χ²/df=3.180,GFI=0.831,CFI=0.842,RFI=0.766,RMSEA=0.068。2)婴儿体格生长与出生体重、食物种类与进食能力、喂养人行为和食物响应相关(P<0.05)。父母文化水平和家庭收入对婴儿饮食行为影响显著(P<0.05)。结论 婴儿饮食行为量表具有良好的信效度,可客观反映6~11月龄婴儿的饮食行为问题,是我国本土化婴儿饮食行为评估的科学可信工具。     

影响10—12岁学龄儿童行为的家庭因素分析

目的 探讨学龄儿童行为问题及影响因素。方法 采用Rutter儿童行为问卷（父母问卷）评价儿童行为,采用Moss家庭环境量表（FES）和自拟的儿童行为问题影响因素调查,调查10－12岁城市学龄儿童325名。结果 学龄儿童行为问题检出率为9．7％;儿童行为与家庭成员的情感表达程度、家庭人员间亲密度呈显著负相关（P＜0．05）;经多因素分析,儿童行为问题的影响因素主要有家庭成员情感表达、家庭道德观。结论 儿童行为与家庭环境有密切关系,和谐的家庭气氛、良好的家庭道德观念是促进儿童行为发育的有利条件。     

Subjective and behavioral effects of marijuana the morning after smoking

Twelve regular marijuana smokers participated in a study designed to detect possible after-effects associated with marijuana smoking. Each subject was evaluated for two weekends - during one weekend they received only placebo marijuana (0.0% THC); the other weekend they received active marijuana (2.1% THC). Each weekend subjects received a total of 40 standardized puffs of marijuana smoke, administered during five separate smoking periods in the late afternoons and evenings. Each morning after smoking, subjects completed a series of questionnaires evaluating their sleep and mood, and then performed a battery of tasks to assess their psychomotor and cognitive function. Ratings of high and heart rate indicated that effective doses of THC were delivered to the subjects, and expired air carbon monoxide levels demonstrated effective smoke administration over the course of the weekends. No evidence of residual subjective intoxication was found, and most of the behavioral tasks and mood scales were unaffected the morning after. Statistically significant after-effects were obtained on a few measures, but with one exception, these were of negligible magnitude, inconsistent with previous findings, or likely artifacts of the experimental situation. In short, marijuana smoking was not associated with a hangover syndrome similar to those reported after use of alcohol or long-acting sedative-hypnotics.     

Feasibility,acceptability and effects of dance therapy in stroke patients: A systematic review

IntroductionStroke is the leading cause of non-traumatic disability in adults, with balance and gait disturbances representing the main limitations of body functions. Dance therapy (DT) has shown positive effects in older adults and in patients with neurological pathologies. This systematic review aims to examine the feasibility, acceptability and effects of DT in stroke rehabilitation, specifically on functional gains of gait and balance.MethodsA systematic search was carried out for articles published in the MEDLINE, PEDro, Web of Science, Scopus and CINHAL in February 2021 and updated in April 2021. Results: Eight studies were included (2 clinical cases, 5 case series and 1 randomized controlled trial), 7 of them in patients with chronic stroke and only 1 in subacute stroke phase. The most widely used dance modality was tango and ballet, with sessions ranging from 30 to 110 min. DT seems to show positive effects on post-stroke body functions and activities such as gait and balance. Reported dropout rates are inconsistent, no adverse effects were reported, and participant satisfaction was high.ConclusionGiven the heterogeneity and uneven quality of the included studies, strong conclusions cannot be put forward on the effectiveness of DT in post-stroke body function and activities. Nevertheless, DT seems to be safe and acceptable therapy for patients, and no adverse effects have been reported. More studies with a high level of evidence and feasibility are needed to determine the patient profile, the characteristics of the intervention, the participation rate and the role of the rehabilitation professional most likely to generate optimal benefit.     

6—11岁农村学龄儿童行为问题及其影响因素的研究

目的　调查农村学龄儿童的行为问题及其影响因素。方法　采用Ａｃｈｅｎｂａｃｈ 儿童行为量表和自制的儿童行为问题影响因素问卷,调查６～１１ 岁农村儿童８６６ 名。结果　农村学龄儿童行为问题检出率为２０．６７％ ±１．４０％ 。行为问题的影响因素主要为家庭因素、父母因素、婴幼期疾病。结论　农村学龄儿童行为问题的发生是多种因素相互影响、相互作用的结果。应采取综合措施进行防治。     

Success Habits of Long-Term Gastric Bypass Patients

Background: By identifying common habits of the most successful long-term gastric bypass patients, one is able to establish more specific guidelines for new patients to follow. The first postoperative year is a critical time that must be dedicated to changing old behavior and forming new, lifelong habits. Methods: 100 gastric bypass patients from 1979 to 1995 participated in a comprehensive survey. Surveys were completed in person, by phone, or in writing. Participants were asked to answer questions regarding their eating, drinking, sleeping, exercise, and personal habits. Results: The survey revealed that specific habits are common in gastric bypass patients who have maintained their weight loss for many years. Conclusion: Identifying and defining the common habits of patients who are successful with long-term weight loss enabled specific guidelines to be established for new patients to implement during the initial weight loss phase, which will contribute to life-long success.     

c-Fos expression in the auditory pathways related to the significance of acoustic signals in rats performing a sensory-motor task

Neuronal activity was established in the auditory pathways in relation to behavioural response and cognitive information processing during a sensory-motor acoustic learning. Rats were trained in three consecutive phases. The first phase was an association between an auditory stimulus and a food reward; the second phase a simple discrimination between two sounds of different frequency components, and the third phase a more complex discrimination involving both spectral and spatial sound dimensions. Auditory stimuli were bursts of complex sounds lasting 500 ms. Neuronal activity related to the behaviourally relevant stimuli was established in 20 "learning" rats undergoing this protocol, which were progressively sacrificed at the beginning, middle and end of each phase. For comparison, activity was also established in four "control" rats exposed to the same stimuli delivered pseudo-randomly, thus carrying no behavioural meaning. Neuronal activity was assessed immunocytochemically using the functional marker Fos. To establish a baseline, two rats were unexposed to controlled acoustic stimulation ("unstimulated" rats). In the superior olivary complex (SOC), inferior colliculus (IC) and medial geniculate body (MGB), the number of Fos-like immunopositive cells was comparable in "learning" and "control" animals, but higher than in the "unstimulated" rats. In the auditory cortex (AC), most prominently in the secondary area Te2, the number of Fos-like positive cells differed between "learning" and "control" rats, suggesting that the auditory cortical areas may be involved in the encoding of the behavioural significance of the acoustic stimuli.     

Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale Scores as a Function of Age and Initial IQ in 210 Autistic Children

Human growth modeling statistics were utilized to examine how Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale (VABS) scores changed in individuals with autistic disorder as a function of both age and initial IQ. Results revealed that subjects improved with age in all domains. The rate of growth in Communication and Daily Living Skills was related to initial IQ while rate of growth in Social Skills was not. Results should provide hope for parents and further support for the importance of functional social-communication skills in the treatment of autism.     

肥胖儿童社会适应能力与行为问题的配对研究

目的：研究肥胖儿童在社会适应及行为方面是否校非肥胖儿童存在更多的问题。方法：应用儿童行为量表（CBCL）对104名9～11岁的肥胖儿童及1：1配对的104名一般儿童进行测试。结果：肥胖儿童的社会适应能力差,其行为问题的发生率（24.0％）显著高于对照组儿童（8.7％）（P＜0.01）。行为问题的表现存在性别差异,肥胖男孩以抑郁和社交退缩为主,肥胖女孩以体诉和违纪为主。结论：肥胖在一定程度上对儿童的心理行为的发育产生了不良影响,应引起足够的重视。