学习困难儿童视听知觉特征与智力结构的关系探讨

目的：阐明Illinois心理语言测试与智力及Berry视觉一运动测试之间的交互关系。方法：对59名学习困难儿童进行韦氏智力测验、Illinois心理语言测试及Beny单项神经心理测试。结果：Illinois心理语言测试除听觉理解外，均与Berry视-动测验呈显著性正相关；除词汇表达外，均与韦氏测验的空间因子正相关；听觉理解、视觉组合与韦氏总智商、操作智商密切相关；语法组合、视觉联合及手势表达与概念因子正相关。表象和自动化水平有赖于视听知觉的整合。学习困难儿童的词汇表达、视觉记忆相对较低。结论：心理语言测试与智力测试不是测量同一种特质，认知水平与一般能力的空间因子密切相关．知觉的某些分测最与总智商有关，并与视觉一运动测量正相关。     

忽视症多感觉通道缺陷研究的新进展

忽视症可表现为多感觉通道缺陷。该文着重综述了与视觉忽视并存的听觉忽视。视觉忽视的病人常表现出对病损对侧声音的定位缺陷，尤其是当病损同侧存在竞争性声音刺激时，视觉和听觉缺陷的严蘑程度有硅著的相关性。神经影像学研究结果表明，忽视症病人受损的脑区可能与多感觉通道的空间表征有关。     

红藻氨酸癫痫大鼠前额叶皮层多巴胺D2受体的变化及意义

利用红藻氨酸颈部皮下注射 ,诱发大鼠癫痫发作 ,用免疫组化和原位杂交方法 ,观察前额叶皮层多巴胺 D2 受体蛋白和m RNA的变化。在诱发 4,5级癫痫发作后 4周 ,模型大鼠前额叶皮层 层细胞多巴胺 D2 受体免疫反应活性及其 m RNA明显下降 ,而在 、 层则有明显上升。多巴胺 D2 受体蛋白及其 m RNA在 层的下调可能导致该层锥体细胞的脱抑制 ,从而导致其往皮层下核团如尾壳核和伏隔核的谷氨酸能输入增加。而 层的上调则可能导致该层输出信息的障碍 ,引起皮层间信息联系的改变 ,这种变化对于探讨癫痫并发的认知障碍可能具有一定的意义。     

Stroop任务的执行加工成分及其神经机制的功能磁共振研究

目的 采用事件相关功能磁共振（ER-fMRI）方法研究Stroop任务的执行加工成分及其相应的神经机制。方法对16例右利手的健康志愿者进行了冲突试次分别占不同比例的两种任务条件的Stroop色词一颜色命名任务。其中一种任务条件冲突试次占30％，一致试次占70％；另一种任务条件冲突试次占70％，一致试次占30％；，同时采用Phillips 3．0 T成像系统，采集其脑部的fMRI数据，图像后处理和分析采用SPM5分析软件得到脑功能活动的图像。结果 16例被试者中12例的资料符合研究条件而被采用。①两种Stroop任务条件的脑激活区域没有差别，与有关实验结果类似。②被试对两种任条件中的冲突试次分别形成了不同等级的冲突和策略加工，高冲突、低策略条件表现为左侧前扣带回（ACC），双侧VLPFC，双侧额极，双侧视区，左侧中颞叶，右侧顶下小叶（IPL），双侧小脑激活增强；高策略、低冲突条件右侧DLPFC，左侧SMA，右侧岛叶，双侧梭状回，右侧丘脑激活增强。③高抑制加工相应于VLPFC激活增强。结论揭示认知控制加工需要扣带-前额通路在内的PFC内不同亚区的功能协同，支持DLPFC和ACC的功能分离，提示抑制功能可能与控制加工分离。     

Mapping an intrinsic MR property of gray matter in auditory cortex of living humans: a possible marker for primary cortex and hemispheric differences

Recently, magnetic resonance properties of cerebral gray matter have been spatially mapped--in vivo--over the cortical surface. In one of the first neuroscientific applications of this approach, this study explores what can be learned about auditory cortex in living humans by mapping longitudinal relaxation rate (R1), a property related to myelin content. Gray matter R1 (and thickness) showed repeatable trends, including the following: (1) Regions of high R1 were always found overlapping posteromedial Heschl's gyrus. They also sometimes occurred in planum temporale and never in other parts of the superior temporal lobe. We hypothesize that the high R1 overlapping Heschl's gyrus (which likely indicates dense gray matter myelination) reflects auditory koniocortex (i.e., primary cortex), a heavily myelinated area that shows comparable overlap with the gyrus. High R1 overlapping Heschl's gyrus was identified in every instance suggesting that R1 may ultimately provide a marker for koniocortex in individuals. Such a marker would be significant for auditory neuroimaging, which has no standard means (anatomic or physiologic) for localizing cortical areas in individual subjects. (2) Inter-hemispheric comparisons revealed greater R1 on the left on Heschl's gyrus, planum temporale, superior temporal gyrus and superior temporal sulcus. This asymmetry suggests greater gray matter myelination in left auditory cortex, which may be a substrate for the left hemisphere's specialized processing of speech, language, and rapid acoustic changes. These results indicate that in vivo R1 mapping can provide new insights into the structure of human cortical gray matter and its relation to function.     

脑卒中后运动功能康复过程中脑皮质功能的改变

目的:观察脑卒中后运动功能恢复过程中脑皮质功能改变的规律,及其与康复效果间的关系。方法:60例累及上肢的脑梗死偏瘫患者,分为康复治疗组35例和单纯药物治疗组25例,并与20例健康者做对照。分别在康复治疗前、康复治疗后2周和1个月时,用经颅多普勒(TCD)测定被动运动肘关节时双侧大脑中动脉(MCA)的血流速度,并用Fugl-Meyer量表评定患侧上肢的运动功能。结果:对照组和2组脑梗死患者正常肢体被动运动时均为对侧MCA的血流速度明显增快,且3次结果类似。患侧肘关节被动运动时,治疗前除对侧MCA血流速度明显增快外,同侧血流速度也明显增快(P<0.05)。但治疗2周和1个月时,单纯药物治疗组同侧血流速度逐渐减慢,而康复治疗组则一直维持在较快的水平。上肢运动功能Fugl-Meyer得分,单纯药物治疗组与同侧血流速度呈负相关(r=-0.89341,P<0.05),康复治疗组则与双侧流速均呈正相关(r=0.99139,0.88812,P<0.05)。结论:正规的康复治疗可以促进卒中运动功能的恢复,机理可能与募集皮质范围加大有关。     

短期应用肾上腺皮质激素对细胞免疫功能影响的实验与临床研究

【目的】通过实验与临床研究评价短期应用肾上腺皮质激素对细胞免疫功能的影响。【方法】把 40只小鼠分为两组,第1组10只为正常对照组,第2组30只服强地松30mg/kg-1·d-1,连服7d,并分别于 d3、d7、d10、d14、d21、d30日各处死5只,检测血中淋巴细胞亚群和血、胸腺、脾脏淋巴细胞凋亡率。对30例上感 高热患儿在用病毒唑或抗生素同时静滴地塞米松0.2～0.4mg/kg,一次/d,连用3d。【结果】服激素组与正 常对照组无差别。体温3d内均降至正常,3d后检测血中淋巴细胞亚群,均在正常范围内。随访7d,无任何 并发症。【结论】上感高热患儿短期使用激素,可使体温稳步下降,且较持久,而对细胞免疫无不良影响。     

视听联合刺激诱发事件相关电位的时变源分析

目的 运用偶极子源分析方法分析视（V）、听（A）单独刺激和视听（VA）联合刺激早期阶段脑功能区的动态变化.方法 采用64道脑电采集系统,记录14例志愿者在视觉、听觉和视听联合刺激下诱发的事件相关电位（ERPs）,并将这3种任务的早期阶段分成不同子时间段进行偶极子源分析.结果 视觉、听觉刺激诱发的早期偶极子源定位在特定脑皮层功能区,并且偶极子的位置和强度随时间发生变化.结论 脑功能区在视听刺激的早期阶段（＜150 ms）对感觉信息存在动态的处理过程.     

股骨近端外侧壁的解剖学研究及其对转子间骨折内固定的意义

目的　研究观测股骨近端外侧壁的骨性与软组织解剖特征,为临床向股骨头内打入拉力螺钉或螺旋刀片的股骨外侧皮质提供参考数据。 方法　采用16例成人股骨干燥标本、10例尸体下肢标本和20例老年股骨转子间骨折的横断面CT图像,分别测量外侧壁的骨性面积、软组织附着及其面积以及外侧壁骨皮质的厚度。 结果 骨性外侧壁平均高（24.4±2.4）mm,宽（23.3±2.0）mm,面积（567.0±82.8）mm2。臀中肌、臀小肌的止点与股外侧肌起点,在外侧壁处相互交织,形成致密坚韧的腱膜样重叠部,平均高（33.2±2.3）mm,宽（28.2±1.9）mm,厚（1.6±0.1）mm。老年人小转子平面的股骨外侧壁皮质薄弱,厚仅（2.3±0.5 ）mm。 结论 老年股骨转子间骨折的外侧壁皮质薄弱,容易骨折。推荐选用头髓钉系统进行内固定治疗,具有较高的安全性。     

A regulation role of the prefrontal cortex in the fist-edge-palm task: evidence from functional connectivity analysis

The Fist-Edge-Palm (FEP) task is a motor sequencing task that is widely used in neurological examination. Deficits in this task are believed to reflect impairment in the frontal lobe regions. However, two recent functional brain imaging studies of the FEP task using conventional subtraction analysis failed to demonstrate FEP-induced activation in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), which contradicts existing neuropsychological literature. In this study, psychophysiological interaction (PPI) analysis was used to reanalyze our previous neuroimaging dataset from 10 healthy subjects in order to evaluate the changes of functional connectivity between the sensorimotor cortex and the prefrontal regions during the performances of the FEP task relative to simple motor control tasks. The PPI analysis revealed significantly increased functional connectivity between bilateral sensorimotor cortex and the right inferior and middle frontal cortex during the performance of the FEP task compared with the control tasks. However, regional signal changes showed no significant activation differences in these prefrontal regions. These results provide evidence supporting the involvement of the frontal lobe in the performance of the FEP task, and suggest a role of regulation, rather than direct participation, of the prefrontal cortex in the execution of complex motor sequence tasks such as the FEP task.