The influence of portfolio aims and structure on student attitudes towards portfolios as a learning tool: a scoping review

Background: Portfolios are widely used in undergraduate health professional education, however the majority of literature suggests that these are poorly received by students, in terms of being an effective learning tool.

Objectives: To evaluate whether the aims/purpose or structure/level of standardisation/content of student portfolios influences their attitudes to and perceptions of its use as a learning tool.

Major findings: Aims/purpose and structure/level of standardisation/content of portfolios were analysed in relation to student responses in order to determine any relationship between these. The level of information provided in the studies was variable, making analysis difficult, however there appeared to be no clear link between any of these factors and student responses. The interplay of level of support and guidance, the time required for completion of the portfolio, and the role of assessment appear to have the greatest influence on student views.

Conclusions: Considering the wide use of portfolios in health professional education, student support for these is limited and further research is required to determine if alternative approaches to portfolio learning can positively influence student attitudes and perceptions.     

The effectiveness of health education using audiovisual media on increasing family behavior in preventing dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF)

Objective

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of health education through audiovisual media on improving family knowledge in the prevention of dengue fever (DHF).

Physicians'' practice-patterns during cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a review

This paper reviews articles that deal with practice-patterns of physicians during cardiopulmonary resuscitation and factors influencing them. Summarizing, there are a number of studies using case vignettes to assess practice-patterns of physicians during cardiopulmonary resuscitation but almost no studies using data from actual resuscitation situations. However, there is evidence of the influence of physician, patient and situation-related variables on patterns of practice, particularly concerning the questions of initiating or terminating cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Besides the medical factors, a number of the aspects reported seem to be psychological issues. Further research in this field utilizing data from actual resuscitation situations is necessary.     

Contributions of the Cognitive Style Questionnaire and the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale to Measuring Cognitive Vulnerability to Depression

The first objective of this study was to separate the contributions of the Cognitive Style Questionnaire (CSQ) and the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS) to maladaptive cognitive patterns in their relations to symptoms of depression and their potential developmental origins: emotional maltreatment, parents’ typical feedback styles, and parents’ dysfunctional attitudes regarding their offspring. Other objectives were to examine these relations in the context of symptoms of anxiety and to learn whether selected aspects of the Cognitive Vulnerability to Depression Project (CVD Project; Alloy, & Abramson, 1999) would generalize to a distinctive sample (n = 98). The same relations between the DAS and the CSQ and depression and developmental origins emerged as in the CVD Project,  but relations with the DAS were somewhat more robust.

癌症患者家属对癌症病情告知态度及其影响因素的调查

目的 探讨癌症患者家属对癌症病情告知的态度及其影响因素.方法 采用自行设计的问卷对305名癌症患者家属进行调查.结果 大多数家属主张在征求他们同意后,将真实病情告知癌症患者;Logistic回归分析显示,获知亲人患癌时间、文化程度、重病接触史、丧亲经历等因素对家属的癌症病情告知态度的评分具有一定影响.结论 将癌症病情告知做到符合患者及其家属的意愿,医护人员应引导家属的告知观点,尊重家属的意见,尤其是对阅历深、学历高的家属,且最好在家属经过一段时间的心理适应期之后,再向患者告知癌症真实病情.     

General practitioner views on addressing weight opportunistically in primary care: An embedded sequential mixed-methods study

ObjectiveTo assess GPs’ thoughts, feelings, and practices on providing opportunistic weight loss interventions before and after educational training and application in practice.MethodsIn an embedded sequential mixed-methods design, 137 GPs delivered a 30-second brief opportunistic intervention to a mean of 14 patients with obesity. To assess GPs’ experiences and views on the intervention, all were invited to complete pre- and post-trial questionnaires and 18 were purposively interviewed. Data were transcribed verbatim and analysed using inductive framework analysis.ResultsGPs’ attitudes (importance, feasibility, appropriateness, helpfulness, and effectiveness), capacities (comfort, confidence, and knowledge), perceived subjective norms (role expectations), willingness, and intentions on providing weight loss interventions were predominantly improved post-trial. The research setting allowed GPs to depersonalise intervening on obesity and feel more comfortable discussing the topic. Beyond the trial, GPs reverted largely to not intervening, citing barriers that had reportedly been overcome during the trial.ConclusionGPs who delivered the intervention had positive experiences doing so, shifting their beliefs modestly that this intervention is important, feasible, and acceptable.Practice implicationsGiven that outside of the trial GPs were apprehensive about intervening without a prompt, developing systems to prompt patients may support implementation.     

高职护生临终关怀态度的调查

目的 了解高职护生的临终关怀态度,为开展高职护生临终关怀教育提供依据.方法 采用分层整群随机抽样方法,对南京市某高职院校713名护生进行问卷调查.结果 护生临终关怀态度总分为(124.72±9.13)分,个人忧虑态度得分为(53.54±5.76)分,专业忧虑态度得分为(71.18±6.98)分.是否独生子女以及实习、照顾临终患者、至亲去世的经历对护生的临终关怀态度有影响.结论 高职护生临终关怀忧虑程度较高,因此有必要加强高职护生临终关怀教育,同时有必要针对高职护生临终关怀教育需求和内涵作更系统、更全面的研究.     

研究生新生自杀态度与影响因素调查

目的了解新入学研究生对自杀的态度及其与心理社会学因素的关系,为建立新生心理健康档案和自杀预防提供依据。方法4 877名研究生新生通过网络平台填写了调查问卷,完成有效问卷4 822人。调查内容包括一般人口学资料,自杀态度问卷,家庭亲密度与适应性量表,简易应对方式问卷,社会支持量表和贝克抑郁量表等。对调查结果进行统计分析。结果研究生新生对自杀行为（2.5±0.4）、自杀者（2.6±0.3）和对安乐死（3.0±0.6）持矛盾和中立态度;对自杀者家属（2.3±0.4）持理解和宽容的态度。消极应对得分较高、来自农村、家庭收入低和家庭亲密程度较低者更倾向对自杀行为持理解和宽容态度（R^2=0.019）;消极应对得分高、男性、客观支持得分高和家庭收入较低者更倾向对自杀者持理解和宽容态度（R^2=0.011）;消极应对得分高和来自城市者更倾向于对自杀者家属持理解和宽容态度（R^2=0.011）;消极应对得分高、积极应对得分低、男性和家庭亲密度较低更倾向于对安乐死持理解和宽容态度（R^2=0.065）。结论男性、农村生源、消极应对方式、社会客观支持程度高、家庭收入和家庭亲密度高的研究生新生对自杀的态度更倾向于理解支持。研究生新生对自杀的态度受到多方面因素的影响。