血清同型半胱氨酸与头颈部动脉粥样硬化的关系研究

目的 探讨血清同型半胱氨酸（HCY）与头颈部动脉粥样硬化关系。方法 选择2016年1月至2016年12月合肥市第二人民医院行头颈部CT血管造影术（CTA）明确有动脉粥样硬化病变患者119例，根据头颈部动脉CTA结果，将轻度及轻度以上狭窄的106例患者纳为试验组，将无动脉狭窄的13例患者纳为对照组，比较两组患者的血清HCY水平。再根据头颈部动脉狭窄程度，分为轻度狭窄组（28例）、中度狭窄组（29例）与重度狭窄组（49例），比较3组患者血清HCY水平。结果 试验组患者血清HCY水平为（17.76±15.14）μmol/L，对照组为（10.95±2.73）μmol/L，两组差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。轻度狭窄组血清HCY水平（12.77±8.05）μmmol/L，中度狭窄组为（16.01±8.39）μmmol/L，重度狭窄组为（22.20±20.29）μmmol/L，重度狭窄组与中度狭窄组、轻度狭窄组的血清HCY水平比较，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 HCY在头颈动脉粥样硬化中起着一定作用，HCY对头颈部动脉粥样硬化的作用机制及长期影响有待深入研究。     

肝细胞生长因子、TGF-β1与脑动脉粥样硬化程度的关系

目的　检测脑动脉粥样硬化（CAs）患者血清肝细胞生长因子（HGF）和转化生长因子β1（TGF-β1）水平，探讨两者水平与CAs程度间的关系，为外源性HGF干预提供依据。方法　71例CAs患者及对照组患者33例，抽取血样，采用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）检测血清中HGF、TGF-β1含量。结果　CAs组患者血清HGF水平显著低于对照组（P<0.05），不同CAs程度组患者间血清HGF水平相互比较差异有显著性（P<0.05），在CAs组内随CAs程度逐渐加重，HGF水平表现出一定程度上升趋势。CAs组患者血清TGF-β1水平显著高于对照组（P<0.001），不同CAs程度组患者血清TGF-β1水平相互比较差异有显著性（P<0.05），在CAs组内随CAs程度逐渐加重，TGF-β1水平表现出一定程度下降趋势。结论　HGF和TGF-β1之间存在动态互逆平衡关系，考虑未来给予外源性HGF治疗CAs所致缺血性脑血管病存在可行性。     

Is atherosclerosis fundamental to human aging? Lessons from ancient mummies

Case reports from Johan Czermak, Marc Ruffer, and others a century or more ago demonstrated ancient Egyptians had atherosclerosis three millennia ago. The Horus study team extended their findings, demonstrating that atherosclerosis was prevalent among 76 ancient Egyptian mummies and among 61 mummies from each of the ancient cultures of Peru, the American Southwest, and the Aleutian Islands. These findings challenge the assumption that atherosclerosis is a modern disease caused by present day risk factors. An extensive autopsy of an ancient Egyptian teenage male weaver named Nakht found that he was infected with four parasites: Schistosoma haematobium, Taenia species, Trichinella spiralis, and Plasmodium falciparum. Modern day patients with chronic inflammatory disease such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and human immunodeficiency virus experience premature atherosclerosis. Could the burden of chronic inflammatory disease have been a risk factor for atherosclerosis in these ancient cultures? The prevalence of atherosclerosis in four diverse ancient cultures is consistent with atherosclerosis being fundamental to aging. The impact of risk factors in modern times, and potentially in ancient times, suggests a strong gene-environmental interplay: human genes provide a vulnerability to atherosclerosis, the environment determines when and if atherosclerosis becomes manifest clinically.     

1878例前臂尺桡骨远端骨密度与颈动脉粥样硬化的相关分析

目的探讨骨密度与颈动脉粥样硬化之间的关系。方法选自2013年1月至2016年6月,在我院进行前臂骨密度测量和同时做彩色多普勒颈动脉超声检查的体检人群,共计1878例。根据颈动脉内中膜厚度(intima-media thickness,IMT)超声诊断标准:分为动脉正常组587例,男性330例、女性257例;动脉硬化组1291例,男性912例、女性379例。年龄20~92岁,平均年龄52岁,其中男性53岁,女性49岁。按性别、每十岁年龄段一组,分别计算每一年龄段两组间骨密度进行统计学分析。利用SPSS19.0统计软件对数据进行处理分析,计量资料采用x珋±s方式表示,两组之间进行独立样本T检验,P0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果动脉正常组与动脉硬化组男、女性峰值骨量均出现在30至40岁之间;女性峰值骨量明显低于男性;50岁后女性骨量丢失高于男性;动脉硬化于40岁后明显增加,男性高于女性;男女动脉硬化组与颈动脉正常组之间骨密度值高、低比较均无统计学意义,P0.05。结论动脉硬化与骨质疏松症是与年龄相关的疾病,发病率都随年龄的增长而增加,两者彼此之间的作用机制和发病机理还需深入研究。     

A perspective for atherosclerosis vaccination: Is there a place for plant-based vaccines?

Alternatives to pharmacological treatments for atherosclerosis are highly desirable in terms of cost and compliance. During the last two decades several vaccination strategies have been reported as an effort to develop immunotherapeutic treatments. This approach consists on eliciting immune responses able to modulate either the atherosclerosis-associated inflammatory processes or the activity of some physiological mechanisms that are up-regulated under this pathologic condition. In particular, the apolipoprotein B100 (ApoB100) and the cholesterilester transferase protein (CETP) have been targeted in these strategies. It is considered that recent progress in the development of experimental models of oral vaccines against atherosclerosis has opened a new avenue in the field: as plant-based vaccines are considered a viable platform for vaccine production and delivery at low costs, they could serve as an oral-delivered therapeutic approach for atherosclerosis in an economical and patient-friendly manner. The rationale of the design, development and evaluation of possible plant-based vaccines against atherosclerosis is discussed in this review. We identify within this approach a significant trend that will positively impact the field of atherosclerosis vaccination.