Postasphyxiai Encephalopathy in Preterm Neonates

Objective : Perinatal asphyxia is an important determinant of infant neurological outcome. There are very few studies looking exclusively at postasphyxial encephalopathy in preterm neonates.Methods : We studied the neurologic and sonographic abnormalities in 40 preterm babies with severe birth asphyxia during their hospital stay and till 3 months corrected age.Result : 87.5 % of the asphyxiated preterm babies had neonatal neurologic abnormality, compared to only 17% of the control babies (p < 0.0001). Generalised hypotonia and reduced activity were the commonest abnormalities (observed in 85% of asphyxiated babies) while depressed sensorium (60%) and seizures (35%) were seen in more severe cases. White matter disease (WMD-including periventricular flare, cerebral edema and periventricular leucomalacia) was significantly more frequent in the study cases (34.5% in study casesvs 7.5% in controls, p < 0.0001) as was grade 3/4 intraventricular hemorrhage(IVH) (25% in study cases vs 2.5% in controls, p < 0.0001). There was 11 fold higher mortality among the asphyxiated babies (23 deaths in study casesvs 2 in controls, p < 0.0001).Conclusion :The survivors had a significantly higher incidence of both mild and severe neurological abnormalities at corrected age of 3 months among the asphyxiated babies. There was a good correlation between the severity of the neonatal encephalopathy as well as the sonographic findings and the outcome.     

Post-resuscitation management of asphyxiated neonates

Perinatal asphyxia is one of the common causes of neonatal mortality. Data from National Neonatal Perinatal database suggest that perinatal asphyxia contributes to almost 20% of neonatal deaths in India. Failure to initiate or sustain respiration after birth has been defined as criteria for the diagnosis of asphyxia by WHO. Perinatal asphyxia results in hypoxic injury to various organs including kidneys, lungs and liver but the most serious effects are seen on the central nervous system. Levene's classification is a useful clinical tool for grading the severity of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. Good supportive care is essential in the first 48 hours after asphyxia to prevent ongoing brain injury in the penumbra region. Strict monitoring and prompt correction is needed for common problems including temperature maintenance, blood sugars, blood pressure and oxygenation. Phenobarbitone is the drug of choice for the treatment of convulsions.     

深圳市1997～2006年5岁以下儿童意外死亡趋势和死因分析

目的:了解深圳市5岁以下儿童意外死亡的现状与特点。方法:收集1997年～2006年深圳市5岁以下儿童意外死亡监测资料,采用SAS9.0进行统计分析。结果:10年间婴儿和5岁以下儿童意外死亡率呈下降趋势,意外死亡是1～4岁儿童的第1位死因。婴儿期主要意外死亡原因为意外窒息,1～4岁儿童主要意外死亡原因为溺水。结论:意外死亡是儿童期可避免的死亡指标,重视儿童意外死亡,加强对意外死亡的管理,最大限度地降低儿童因意外造成的死亡,提高儿童的生存水平。     

宫内窘迫与新生儿窒息的关系

目的 为减少新生儿窒息的发生率,降低围产儿死亡率和减少新生儿伤残率。方法 对1997年1～7月在我院出生的宫内窘迫新生儿120例、新生儿窒息97例进行分析。结果 有宫内窘迫史的胎儿娩出时窒息的发生率明显高于无宫内窘迫的胎儿(P<0.01)。结论 宫内窘迫是造成新生儿窒息的主要原因之一。     

Clinical,pathogenetic and neuropathological correlates in dystonic cerebral palsy

Studies were made of three autopsied cases of dystonic (changing tone) cerebral palsy with the aim of correlating the clinical characteristics and pathogenetic factors with the neuropathological lesions.Clinically all three patients were small-for-dates and born at gestational ages of 31–34 weeks. They sustained either severe birth asphyxia or repeated hypoxic episodes with respiratory arrest, and all three had moderate hyperbilirubinemia during the perinatal period. All of them developed an identical non-progressive extrapyramidal cerebral palsy syndrome. Mental capacity was less affected than motor performance, which remained at a neonatal level.From the pathogenetic point of view, prenatal malnutrition, preterm birth, pre- and perinatal hypoxia, acidosis and icterus were considered to be cumulative brain-damaging factors in each of the three patients. The pattern of combined partial and total asphyxia could be discerned in all the cases.The outstanding neuropathological correlate was selective bilateral sclerosis of the globus pallidus.It is proposed that the time of operation of the above factors in relation to the developmental stage of the globus pallidus determined the site of the cerebral damage. This hypothesis finds support in recent experiments with graded asphyxia in Rhesus monkeys.Supported by¹ the Swedish Medical Research Council, and² the Norrbacka-Eugenia Foundation and the newspaper Expressen's Prenatal Research Foundation     

新生儿窒息后心率变异性研究

目的 探讨新生儿窒息后心率变异性的改变及其临床意义。方法 应用美国Ｃｏｍｐａｓ ＸＭ Ｈｏｌｔｅｒ分析系统检测２２例窒息新生儿和２１例正常新生儿的心率变异性。和窒息后早期及恢复期２４ｈ窦性ＲＲ间期标准差（ＳＤＮＮ）、每５ｍｉｎ窦性ＲＲ间期标准差的均值（ＳＤＮＮＩＤＸ）、心率变异性指数（ＨＲＶＩ）与对照组比较显著降低（Ｐ〈０．０５）。ＳＤＮＮ、ＳＤＮＮＩＤＸ、ＨＲＶＩ与２４ｈ最慢心率负相关（ｒ＝－０     

31例肺大出血型钩端螺旋体病治疗分析

通过对31例肺大出血型钓端螺旋病的临床分析认为:降低该病死亡率,应将病情及时有效的控制在先兆期或出血期.吸净口鼻涌血,保持呼吸道畅通是垂危期的治疗关键,应用电吸引器吸净口鼻涌血,保持呼吸道畅通,疗效可靠.     

新生儿窒息后血清心肌肌钙蛋白T和心肌酶检测结果分析

目的探讨新生儿窒息后血清心肌肌钙蛋白T(cTnT)和心肌酶浓度变化与窒息程度的相关性。方法采用日立7600生化分析仪和罗氏2010电化学发光免疫分析仪检测窒息新生儿血清心肌酶和cTnT浓度。结果新生儿窒息后血清心肌酶活性显著增高,其增高程度与新生儿窒息程度呈正比;血清cTnT浓度增高与新生儿窒息后是否发生心血管并发症呈正相关。结论窒息并发心力衰竭的新生儿通过检测血清cTnT和心肌酶能及早发现心肌损害,并判断其严重程度。     

窒息新生儿早期肾损伤与神经损伤程度的相关性分析

目的探讨窒息新生儿早期肾损伤与神经损伤程度的相关性及临床意义。方法抽取86例窒息新生儿为研究对象,患儿生后6h的血液检测其血尿素氮及血清肌酐等肾功能指标,并在生后7d行NBNA评分,患儿病后诊断新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病程度,并以此分成4组,即HIE0、HIE1、HIE2、HIE3组。结果 4组生后6h内血BUN、Scr与7dNBNA评分比较,4组间血BUN、sCR、NBNA评分等指标均存在显著性差异(F_B=4.682,P_B=0.005;F_C=3.221,P_C=0.027;FN=80.568,PN=0.000),患儿生后6h内BUN、sCR与生后7d NBNA评分值呈显著相关(r_B=-0.306,P=0.004;r_C=-0.255,P=0.018)。结论窒息新生儿早期肾损伤与患儿神经损伤程度存在相关性,临床可作为指导进行早期治疗,改善预后。