超声观察肝癌多次肝动脉栓塞术治疗前后肝脏声像图的变化及其预后的评估

目的探讨超声在评估肝癌肝动脉栓塞术后肝硬变受损程度方面的价值.方法对43例原发性肝癌患者进行了肝动脉栓塞术前与术后临床肝功能检查及超声分析.结果多次肝动脉栓塞术后肝硬变程度加重,根据Child‘s分级肝功能下降率达67.4%,超声检查肝硬变加重率达70%.两者检查结果相一致.结论超声观察肝内回声的变化对评估多次肝癌肝动脉栓塞术后肝功能损害程度有重要作用.     

甲状腺动脉栓塞治疗难治性甲状腺机能亢进

目的 探讨经导管甲状腺动脉栓塞治疗难治性甲状腺机能亢进的方法及疗效。方法 使用高压消毒后明胶海绵、聚乙烯醇(PVA)微球栓塞甲状腺上动脉及下动脉。结果 13例病人甲状腺动脉栓塞成功，颈围缩小，11例T3、T4降至正常，2例轻废增高。结论 经导管甲状腺动脉栓塞治疗难治性甲状腺机能亢进可作为内外科治疗及^131I治疗替代疗法，只要正确掌握操作方法，是安全有效的。     

Resuscitation and circulatory support using extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for fulminant pulmonary embolism

Fulminant pulmonary embolism (PE) with circulatory collapse is associated with a high mortality rate due to acute right ventricular failure and hypoxia. Immediate and appropriate resuscitation and circulatory support in the perioperative period is mandatory to prevent sudden death. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) was recently introduced for extracorporeal life support in patients with circulatory collapse and has provided an excellent outcome. We report on the effectiveness of ECMO support for fulminant PE. Seven patients were placed on veno-arterial ECMO for circulatory collapse caused by fulminant PE refractory to conventional treatment. After resuscitation, all patients underwent pulmonary angiography, and thrombolytic therapy was administered in all 7 patients under ECMO support. Three patients who did not improve by thrombolysis underwent embolectomy with standard cardiopulmonary bypass. Two thrombolysis and 2 surgery patients were weaned from bypass and survived. The duration of support ranged from 18-168 h (mean = 67.8 +/- 67.1 h), with maximum bypass flow rates of 2.0-4.5 (mean = 3.5 +/- 0.9). There were no device-related complications during support. In total, 4 patients (57%) were successfully weaned from support and discharged from the hospital in good condition. All patients who survived required prolonged support (27, 82, 151, and 168 h). We conclude that resuscitation and circulatory support using ECMO can be effective, life-saving measures in cases of circulatory collapse caused by fulminant PE.     

磁性微粒栓塞肝癌临床与病理分析

[目的]观察磁性微粒(Fe3O4)栓塞肝癌临床及病理变化,探讨其动脉栓塞作用疗效.[方法]Fe3O4微粒栓塞66例肝癌患者,其中8例栓后手术切除,标本HE染色切片.[结果]临床观察栓后综合征不明显,血生化检查显示肝、肾功能变化轻微,血清AFP多数明显下降(P＜0.05).栓后1个月CT、USG、DSA复查肿瘤明显缩小.病理检查镜下见血管内栓塞颗粒呈"筛网状"结构,其中血栓形成并机化,肿瘤组织坏死彻底.[结论]Fe3O4微粒具有缓慢栓塞血管作用,能明显减少栓后并发症.     

Pulmonary thrombo-embolism in nephrotic syndrome treated with tissue plasminogen activator

We describe the case of a boy with steroid sensitive nephrotic syndrome and left pulmonary artery thrombo-embolism. Clinical presentation initially suggested sepsis and respiratory signs were minor. Treatment with tissue plasminogen activator infused into the pulmonary artery was successful. Conclusion Pulmonary thrombo-embolism should be considered in unwell children with nephrotic syndrome. Received: 6 September 1996 / Accepted: 17 December 1996     

经眼上静脉入路行海绵窦栓塞的应用解剖学

目的：为经眼上静脉入路行海绵窦栓塞术，治疗颈动脉海绵窦瘘提供解剖学依据。方法：成人头部标本２４个，解剖观测眼上静脉及其眶外属支的形态、长度及外径等。结果：①眼上静脉由眶上静脉支和内眦静脉交通支组成。眶上静脉支穿经眶上孔处外径为１．３ｍｍ。内眦静脉外径为１．４ｍｍ，距内眦６～８ｍｍ，其交通支外径为１．４ｍｍ；②眼上静脉在眶腔内分为三段，外径平均达２．１～２．５ｍｍ。结论：经眼上静脉眶外属支入路具有可行性。     

肺动脉栓塞的彩色多普勒超声诊断

目的 探讨彩色多普勒超声诊断肺动脉栓塞的意义。方法 对临床诊断肺动脉栓塞患者18例行经胸超声心动图检查和下肢深静脉彩色多普勒超声检查。结果 18例患者中，超声检出肺动脉血栓直接征象10例，其中合并右室乳头肌下方血栓及三尖瓣前叶瓣环血栓各1例，合并下肢血栓9例。18例均有右房、右室增大，伴有三尖瓣重度返流，肺动脉重度高压（肺动脉收缩压为110～140mmHg）。结论 彩色多普勒超声是一无创、快速、简单易行的肺动脉栓塞诊断方法，对该病疗效观察及预后判断也有重要作用。     

单纯抗凝与导管内溶栓加抗凝治疗肺动脉栓塞疗效对比分析

目的评价单纯抗凝与导管内溶栓加抗凝治疗肺动脉栓塞疗效对比。方法经肺动脉造影或增强螺旋CT证实的急性肺动脉栓塞患者63例，随机分两组，一组单纯肝素抗凝32例，另一组导管内尿激酶溶栓加肝素抗凝31例。结果单纯抗凝治疗总有效率96．7％；导管内溶栓加抗凝治疗总有效率100％，但临床症状改善较快。单纯抗凝无效1例，经导管内溶栓后好转。经导管内溶栓出现消化道出血1例。本观察无1例死亡。结论单纯抗凝与导管内溶栓加抗凝治疗总有效率相近，无并发症出现。所以对无血液动力学改变的急性肺动脉栓塞单纯肝素抗凝即可取得确切疗效，可降低风险。     

Acute-onset nontraumatic paraplegia in childhood: fibrocartilaginous embolism or acute myelitis?

Fibrocartilaginous embolus causing acute spinal cord infarction is a rare cause of acute-onset paraplegia or quadriplegia. Few cases of survivors have been reported in the neurosurgical literature, with most reports involving post-mortem or biopsy findings. There is little information on MRI findings in such patients. We present the youngest patient ever reported, and discuss the important differences between fibrocartilaginous embolus and acute myelitis of childhood. A 6-year-old girl with a history of back pain presented with sudden-onset nontraumatic paraplegia, with a clinical anterior spinal artery syndrome. Initial MRI scan revealed intervertebral disc disease at L1–2 and an incidental thoracic syrinx, but no cause for her acute-onset paraplegia was identified. Cerebrospinal fluid and other investigations were all negative. Sequential MRI scans revealed development of spinal cord expansion from T10 to the conus medullaris, with increased cord signal in the anterior aspect of the spinal cord. The intervertebral disc disease was unchanged. The imaging and clinical findings were caused by fibrocartilaginous embolus, which meant there was no need for spinal cord biopsy. The report describes the clinical and imaging criteria for diagnosis of fibrocartilaginous embolus, highlighting the case for avoiding an unnecessary biopsy. The clinical pattern in the paediatric group is discussed, with features differentiating it from acute myelitis of childhood. Received: 4 January 2000