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151.
H. Förstl H. Sattel M. Sarochan C. Besthom C. Czech S. Daniel C. Geiger-Kabisch F. Hentschel R. Zerfass K. Beyreuther 《Der Nervenarzt》1996,67(9):730-738
Zusammenfassung
30 Patienten mit klinisch diagnostizierter Alzheimer-Demenz (AD) und 55 etwa gleichaltrige Kontrollprobanden wurden über einen
2-Jahres-Zeitraum prospektiv klinisch, neuroradiologisch und elektroenzephalographisch untersucht, um die longitudinalen Ver?nderungen
auf diesen Untersuchungsebenen und ihre Zusammenh?nge zu studieren. In der Kontrollgruppe waren im Beobachtungszeitraum keine
wesentlichen Ver?nderungen auf einer der Untersuchungsebenen zu verzeichnen. Bereits inital bestanden signifikante Unterschiede
zwischen Patienten und Kontrollen hinsichtlich der kognitiven Leistung, der Ventrikelweite und der absoluten Theta- und Delta-Power.
Innerhalb der Patientengruppe verschlechterten sich w?hrend des zweij?hrigen Beobachtungszeitraums die Werte der Blessed-Demenzskala
um 7 ± 7 Punkte und im Mini-Mental-State Test um 8 ± 4 Punkte. Die Volumina der Seitenventrikel weiteten sich um mehr als
30 % des Ausgangswertes und die absolute Delta- oder Theta-Power stieg um mehr als 10 % des Ausgangswertes an. Hierdurch nahmen
die Unterschiede zwischen Kontroll- und Patientengruppe nochmals zu. Wir konnten keine Zusammenh?nge zwischen Krankheitsbeginn,
Alter, Apolipoprotein E4 Gendosis und Krankheitsverlauf belegen. Ein initial schlechter Wert der Patienten auf der Blessed-Skala
war mit st?rkeren morphologischen und EEG-Ver?nderungen im Verlauf korreliert, w?hrend initial hohe Theta-Power eine st?rkere
funktionelle und kognitive Verschlechterung innerhalb der Patientengruppe pr?dizierte.
相似文献
152.
Sven Erik G. Nilsson Björn E. Andersson 《Documenta ophthalmologica. Advances in ophthalmology》1988,68(3-4):313-325
A set-up for D.C. recordings of slow ocular potentials such as the c-wave of the electroretinogram (ERG) as well as the fast oscillation (FO), the light peak (LP) and the dark trough (DT) in both clinical and experimental work is described. It includes matched calomel half-cells connected by saline-agar bridges to a corneal contact lens on the eye and a reference chamber on the forehead, a low-drift differential-input D.C. amplifier, an A/D converter, a computer, a thermoprinter, a flexible disc memory, a plotter, and a device for light stimulation controlled by the computer.Examples of the usefulness of the set-up in clinical work are shown in the form of D.C. c-wave ERGs of normal subjects as well as of patients with vitelliform macular degeneration, choriocapillaris atrophy, and retinitis pigmentosa. The direct corneal recording of the FO and LP is demonstrated as well. The different origins of the standing potential (SP) of the eye, the ERG c-wave, the FO and the LP are reviewed briefly. 相似文献
153.
建立了检测IgM抗-HD的酶联免疫法(ELISA,捕捉法),经验证该检测方法具有良好的特异性。文中还对119例HBV/HDV感染者进行了IgM抗-HD检测并在此基础上对IgM抗-HD的分子类型进行了研究,结果提示IgM抗-HD的检测有助于HDV与HBV同时感染与重叠感染的鉴别;文中所选HDV感染者的IgM抗-HD均发19S IgM抗-HD为主,是HDV感染急性期的标志,反映我省HDV感染者多为近期感染。 相似文献
154.
Background: People with abnormal colour vision often report difficulty seeing coloured berries and flowers in foliage, which suggests they will have a diminished capacity for visual search when target objects are marked out by colour. There is very little experimental evidence of the effect of abnormal colour vision on visual search and none relating to search for objects in natural foliage. Method: We showed 79 subjects with abnormal colour vision (seven protanopes, 10 deuteranopes, 16 protanomals and 46 deuteranomals) and 20 subjects with normal colour vision photographs of natural scenes and asked them to locate clumps of red berries, to trace the length of a red string on grass and to name the season depicted in a photograph taken in the Autumn and the same scene photographed in the Summer. Colour vision was assessed using the Ishihara, the Medmont C100, the Farnsworth D15, the Richmond HRR and the Nagel anomaloscope. Results: All the subjects with abnormal colour vision located fewer clumps of red berries than those with normal colour vision. The subjects who failed the Farnsworth D15 performed significantly worse than those who passed but the distribution of scores in the two groups overlaps. The majority of subjects with abnormal colour vision could not trace the full length of the string: only 38 per cent of anomalous trichromats who passed the Farnsworth D15 test and three per cent of those who failed it were able to trace the full length of the string. Fifty‐five per cent of those classed as having a mild deficiency by the HRR test could trace the whole string. Most dichromats were unable to identify the Autumn season and those who did may have been assisted by guessing. Most (94 per cent) of those who passed the Farnsworth D15 test and all those classified as having a ‘mild’ deficiency by the HRR test could identify the season. Conclusions: All people with abnormal colour vision, even those with a very mild deficiency, have some degree of impairment of their ability to see coloured objects in natural surroundings. A pass at the Farnsworth D15 test or a ‘mild’ classification with the Richmond HRR test identifies those likely to have the least problems with visual search and identification tasks. The results have practical implications for the selection of personnel in occupations that involve visual search in natural terrain. 相似文献
155.
Tarek Sadek Hakim Mazouz Hedi Bahloul Roxana Oprisiu Najeh El Esper Isabelle El Esper Francis Boitte Michel Brazier Philippe Moriniere Albert Fournier 《Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation》2003,18(3):582-588
BACKGROUND: Sevelamer hydrochloride was recently proposed as a phosphate binder to prevent hypercalcaemia in place of calcium alkaline salts in dialysis patients. So far, it has been evaluated only in patients receiving calcitriol, without comparison with CaCO(3) alone, although the latter was found to be as effective as the combination of calcitriol and Al(OH)(3) in suppressing parathyroid hormone (PTH) without inducing hypercalcaemia and to have a better lowering effect on serum phosphate. Moreover, this bile salt binder may decrease serum 25-OH vitamin D. Therefore, we compared for 5 months two strategies for controlling moderate hyperparathyroidism: CaCO(3) alone vs sevelamer in conjunction with measures to increase calcium balance. METHODS: Forty-two patients were randomized: 21 continued their treatment with 4.8 g/day CaCO(3) and 21 were switched to sevelamer (initial dose: 2.4 g/day, increased to 4.4 g/day). Each month, when serum-corrected calcium decreased below 2.30 mmol/l, dialysate calcium was increased or alphacalcidol was given at each dialysis session, according to serum PO(4) levels. The following parameters were monitored: serum Ca, PO(4), bicarbonate and protein, weekly; and serum PTH, 25-OH vitamin D and total, LDL and HDL cholesterol monthly. RESULTS: Except for higher serum phosphate at month 1, lower serum bicarbonate at month 2 and lower LDL cholesterol at month 5 in the sevelamer group, no difference was found between the two groups. Compared with baseline levels, PTH increased and 25-OH vitamin D decreased significantly in both groups, these two parameters being inversely correlated. CONCLUSIONS: Given comparable control of plasma calcium, phosphate and 25-OH vitamin D, PTH control is comparable in both strategies. Sevelamer does not induce greater vitamin D depletion than CaCO(3). The transient decrease of serum bicarbonate after discontinuation of CaCO(3) in the sevelamer group suggests a less optimal prevention of acidosis. The sevelamer-induced decrease in LDL cholesterol gives this drug a potential advantage in cardiovascular prevention. 相似文献
156.
157.
目的观察脑缺血后细胞周期蛋白(cyclin)D1和它的酶CDK4基因表达,以及这种表达的改变是否影响神经细胞凋亡。方法成年雄性SD大鼠32只随机分为假手术组(n=4)和实验组(n=28),实验组再进一步分为7个亚组(再灌注2h,6h,12h,1d,3d,7d和14d,每组n=4)。应用线栓法建立SD大鼠大脑中动脉阻塞/再灌注模型.TUNEL法检测神经细胞凋亡。原位杂交检测cyclinD1和CDK4mRNA的表达。结果CyclinD1mRNA和CDK4mRNA的表达与凋亡细胞的区域基本相同。再灌注2h脑组织即开始出现神经细胞凋亡,并于1d分别在皮层区和纹状体区达高峰(分别为72.80±4.66和87.75±0.85)。神经细胞cyclinD1mRNA和CDK4mRNA的表达分别于再灌注2h和6h开始逐渐增强,并于12h和1d达高峰(皮质区分别为94.50±2.75和85.75±3.73,纹状体区分别为88.25±5.06和89.80±2.93)。结论CyclinD1和CDK4选择性地在形态学完整或已经有改变的缺血侧神经元和少突胶质细胞内表达。CyclinD1/CD1(4mRNA表达可能是诱导细胞凋亡的重要因素之一。 相似文献
158.
A. Alonso P. Martin C. Albarran M. Sancho 《International journal of legal medicine》1993,105(6):311-314
Summary The polymorphism of the D1S80 locus has been analyzed in a population sample of 203 unrelated individuals living in Madrid (central Spain) by PCR and subsequent semi-dry discontinuous polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (Tris-chloride/Tris-glycine buffer system) followed by silver staining, The electrophoretic system described in this study offers high resolution in the separation of the different D1S80 alleles allowing the detection of microvariability around the allele T22 in the spanish population. Twenty different alleles containing 17–40 repeats of the basic 16bp unit were distinguished. The alleles T18 and T24 were found to be relatively common in Spain, as in other populations:, with frequencies of 0.224 and 0.372, respectively. No evidence of significant deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was found in these preliminary population data. 相似文献
159.
Vendeville B.; Baran D.; Gascon-Barre M.; Rubin E.; Luu T.; Vallieres S. 《Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation》1995,10(11):2020-2026
BACKGROUND.: Mercuric chloride (HgCl2 induces a lymphoproliferative disorderand autoimmune glomerulonephritis in Brown Norway (BN) rats.This syndrome is the consequence of T cell-dependent polyclonalB cell activation and autoantibody production. We have previouslyshown that HgCl2-induced autoimmune perturbations can be preventedin BN rats by the administration of cyclosporin A (CsA). Themost potent vitamin D3 metabolite 1,25(OH)2 D3 (Vit D3) sharescertain immunomodulatory properties with CsA. We therefore choseto compare the effects of Vit D3 to those of CsA in BN ratstreated with HgCl2 in order to establish whether Vit D3 eitheralone or in combination with CsA can attenuate an autoimmunesyndrome in vivo. METHODS.: BN rats were treated with HgCl2 according to a standard protocol.Subgroups of rats were also given CsA alone, Vit D3 or syntheticanalogues of Vit D3 alone, or combinations of both agents. Differentdoses and routes of administration were compared. The followingmarkers of disease activity were evaluated: mortality, peakproteinuria, serum IgE concentrations, and renal immunoglobulindeposition. RESULTS.: Disease activity was markedly attenuated in all rats treatedwith CsA alone. Vit D3 and certain of its synthetic analoguesadministered alone also tempered the autoimmune process, butto a lesser extent than did CsA. The effect of CsA alone wasso potent, that no additive or synergistic effects could bedemonstrated when CsA was administered in combination with VitD3. CONCLUSIONS.: Despite similar described immunomodulatory effects in vitro,CsA is clearly more effective than Vit D3 in preventing HgCl2autoimmune disease in BN rats. This suggests that there is adifference in the cellular targets of these two agents in vivo,and/or a difference in the potency with which HgCl2-triggeredimmune activation is suppressed. 相似文献
160.
A. W. Shahrom P. Vanezis R. C. Chapman A. Gonzales C. Blenkinsop M. L. Rossi 《International journal of legal medicine》1996,108(4):194-200
A facial image was reconstructed from the skull, part of a complete skeleton found in woodland, of a male person who had hanged himself from a tree. In addition, video superimposition was carried out with antemortem photographs of a person suspected of being the victim, and a good match was obtained. In a further case, a cheaper video-transparency superimposition was carried out, with identity later being confirmed on the basis of dental records. The techniques and the problems encountered are discussed. According to our experience, 3D computer reconstruction and video superimposition have a useful role in the process of identification, particularly in the early stages of an investigation and when other more definitive methods may not be available. 相似文献