The impact of Neonatal Resuscitation Program courses on mortality and morbidity of newborn infants with perinatal asphyxia

OBJECTIVE: Neonatal care provided within the first few minutes of life plays a major role in the reduction of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Neonatal Resuscitation Program (NRP) courses had been held since 1996. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the NRP on morbidity and mortality of newborn infants with perinatal asphyxia. METHODS: This retrospective study comprised newborn infants who were born in hospitals at Trakya region of Turkey during the last 3 years and were diagnosed as perinatal asphyxia and were referred to our Neonatal Unit. Those patients who were referred before NRP course (pretraining period) were designated as Group 1, those who were referred after the first NRP course (transition period) as Group 2, and those who were referred after the second NRP course (post-training period) as Group 3. Chart review was performed with regard to gestational age, birth weight, Apgar scores, resuscitation type, stage of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), existence of meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS), progress of the disease, duration of hospitalization. RESULTS: The study comprised 66 patients; 35 in Group 1, 18 in Group 2 and 13 in Group 3. The number of cases who had not been resuscitated was 10 in the pretraining period, 3 in the transition period and 1 in the post-training period which decreased significantly. The first minute Apgar scores in three groups were as follows; 2.08+/-1.2, 2.2+/-1.1 and 3.7+/-1.4, and this increase was statistically significant. The fifth minute Apgar scores also increased from 5.43+/-1.5 in the pretraining period to 6.5+/-1.9 in the post-training period, but this increase was not statistically significant. The number of patients with Stage 1 and 2 HIE decreased more in Group 3 (n=11 in Stage 1 HIE, n=17 in Stage 2 HIE) compared to those in Group 1 (n=7 in Stage 1 HIE, n=5 in Stage 2 HIE) but the difference was not statistically significant. The duration of hospitalization decreased in post-training period (15.1+/-10.3 days in pretraining period, 12.0+/-8.9 days in transition period, 6.1+/-1.2 days in post-training period). CONCLUSIONS: After NRP courses, the number of patients with perinatal asphyxia and with no resuscitation and also the duration of hospitalization decreased significantly, whereas the first minute Apgar scores increased significantly.     

急诊剖宫产自决定手术至胎儿娩出时间的影响因素及其与新生儿预后的关系

目的:分析剖宫产从决定手术至胎儿娩出时间(DDI)的影响因素,以及急诊剖宫产DDI对新生儿预后的影响.方法:对472例剖宫产患者根据Lucas分类法分为两组:急诊剖宫产组(291例)与非急诊剖宫产组(181例);急诊剖宫产组中分为DDI≤30分钟组和DDI>30分钟组,分别回顾性分析影响DDI的重要因素、以及DDI对新生儿Apgar评分及脐动脉血气的影响.结果:①急诊剖宫产组的DDI为35.5±11.6分钟,其中210例(72.2%)DDI≤30分钟;非急诊剖宫产组DDI为49.3±22.8分钟,其中86例(47.5%)DDI≤30分钟;②急诊剖宫产组中,与DDI>30分钟相比,DDI≤30分钟可明显改善新生儿脐动脉血pH值以及1分钟Apgar评分(P<0.05);但5分钟Apgar评分比较,两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);③DDI>30分钟的主要原因为将孕妇由产房或待产室运送至手术室的耗时(56例,69.1%).结论:并非所有急诊剖宫产手术均能达到DDI≤30分钟的标准,尽量缩短DDI时间有助于最终改善新生儿预后.     

妊娠期肝内胆汁瘀积症对胎儿预后的影响及处理

目的 :探讨妊娠期肝内胆汁瘀积症 (ICP)患者血清肝酸水平 (TBA)、谷丙转氨酶 (ALT)、谷草转氨酶 (AST)对胎儿预后的影响 ,并分析ICP的治疗效果。方法 :6 6 0例ICP孕妇 ,将上述指标分为不同程度的两组 ,TBA :T12 0～ 4 0 μmol/L ,T2 >4 0 μmol/L ;ALT、AST :A15 0～ 15 0 μmol/L ,A2 >15 0 μmol/L。分析其与羊水污染、Apgar评分 (<7分 )、早产及低体重发生率之间的关系。结果 :T1、T2 两组相比 ,差异有显著性 ,P <0 0 1,说明胆酸水平高于 4 0 μmol/L组羊水污染、新生儿窒息、早产及低体重儿发生率明显高于胆酸水平低于 4 0 μmol/L ,ALT、AST >15 0 μ/L时围产儿预后差。地塞米松与熊去氧胆酸治疗前后孕妇血清胆酸水平差异有显著性 ,P <0 0 2 ,两组相比差异无显著性 ,P >0 0 5。结论 :血清胆酸水平、谷丙转氨酶及谷草转氨酶可反映ICP的严重程度 ,预测不良妊娠结局 ;地塞米松与熊去氧胆酸能有效改善ICP症状及肝功能。     

妊娠期剧吐与妊娠期高血压、妊娠期糖尿病、妊娠结局的关系研究

目的分析妊娠期剧吐与妊娠期高血压、妊娠期糖尿病、妊娠结局的关系.方法回顾性选取2017年1月至2019年1月我院收治的200例孕产妇,依据妊娠期剧吐发生情况将其分为有妊娠期剧吐组(n=20)和无妊娠期剧吐组(n=180).比较两组的妊娠期高血压、妊娠期糖尿病发生情况及妊娠结局.结果两组的妊娠期高血压、妊娠期糖尿病发生率...     

探讨护理干预措施对自然分娩初产产妇产后疼痛及产后出血的影响

目的:研究探讨护理干预措施对自然分娩初产产妇产后疼痛及产后出血的影响.方法:选取82例于2018年10月至2019年11月在本院接受自然分娩的初产产妇,按照手术先后顺序将其分为常规组(前41例,整个围手术期行常规产科护理)和研究组(后41组,在常规组的基础上加强相关护理干预),对比两组产妇产后24h、48h、72h视觉...     

Nuchal cord is not associated with adverse perinatal outcome

Objective: The present study was aimed at evaluating the outcome of pregnancies with nuchal cord. Methods: A retrospective population-based study of all deliveries during the years 1988–2003 in a tertiary medical center was conducted. Immediate perinatal outcome of patients with and without nuchal cord was compared. Results: Of 166,318 deliveries during the study period, 14.7% had a nuchal cord, documented at birth (n=24,392). Higher rates of labor induction and non-reassuring fetal heart rate patterns were noted among pregnancies with nuchal cord as compared with the control group (30.1% vs. 24.2%; OR=1.3, 95% CI 1.3–1.4, P<0.001 and 4.5% vs. 2.6%; OR=1.8, 95% CI 1.6–1.9, P<0.001; respectively). The cesarean delivery rate was significantly lower among pregnancies with nuchal cord (11.5% vs. 12.7%; OR=0.9, 95% CI 0.8–0.9, P=0.001). Although 1 min Apgar scores lower than 7 were more common in pregnancies with nuchal cord (4.8% vs. 4.4%; OR=1.1, 95% CI 1.01–1.2, P=0.008), these pregnancies actually had lower rates of 5 min Apgar scores less than 7 (0.5% vs. 0.7%; OR=0.8, 95% CI 0.6–0.9, P=0.004). Likewise, the perinatal mortality rate was significantly lower in pregnancies with nuchal cord as compared with the comparison group (11/1,000 vs. 16/1,000; OR=0.7, 95% CI 0.6–0.8, P=0.001). Conclusions: Nuchal cord is not associated with adverse perinatal outcome. Thus, labor induction in such cases is probably unnecessary.Presented in part at the 15th World Congress on Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology 25–29 September 2005, Vancouver, Canada.     

孕晚期孕妇钙元素含量对新生儿出生状况的影响

目的：探讨微量元素钙含量对新生儿出生状况的影响。方法：采用原子吸收光谱法测定816例孕晚期孕妇血清中钙元素的含量．并对所有新生儿进行体重、身长的测量及Apgar评分。结果：孕晚期孕妇钙元素缺乏者占59．80％．母钙元素正常者其新生儿出生时的体重高于母钙元素缺乏者新生儿出生时的体重,两者间差异有统计学意义。钙元素缺乏者其新生儿出生时的Apgar评分中,〈8分的人数构成高于钙元素正常者的新生儿人数．两者间差异有统计学意义。结论：孕晚期孕妇钙元素含量对新生儿出生状况有一定影响。孕妇在妊娠期间应加强营养,增加体内钙元素的含量和活性．以保证母婴健康。     

Low birthweight and mortality: the tendency to repeat low birthweight and its association with early neonatal and infant morbidity and mortality

Previous studies have demonstrated the tendency to repeat gestational age and birthweight in successive pregnancies and that this tendency is associated with infant survival. Thus, newborn outcome and survival is less favourable if the gestational age and size departs from this maternal tendency. This paper aims to study diseases or conditions that might be associated with this effect. Data were provided through a linkage between three Danish health registries: the Danish Fertility Database, the National Hospital Registry, and the Registry for Preventive Medicine. Such linkage was possible due to the use of unique ID-person numbers. The study included all 8219 second-order low-birthweight (LBW) singleton Danish births, 1980-94, of whom 7811 were liveborn. It was also required that the mother's first delivery took place during that period. The analysis considered 7803 of these births; eight were excluded due to insufficient information. Of the second-order LBW children, 26% had an elder sibling who was also LBW. Early neonatal mortality of a 'non-repeat' LBW birth was 1.3 times higher than 'repeat' LBW births [53.8 vs. 41.2 per 1000; RR 1.31; 95% CI 1.03, 1.65], as was infant mortality [78.4 vs. 60.8 per 1000; RR 1.30; 95% CI 1.06, 1.56]. Also, proportionately more LBW repeat births had Apgar scores of >or=7 after 1 and 5 min. Overall, repeat second-order LBW babies weighed 68 g more than non-repeat LBW babies (P < 0.001). At term, the weight difference was 160 g higher among repeat LBW births (P < 0.001). The mean number of hospitalisations during the first year of life was lower among repeat than non-repeat LBW babies (2.30 vs. 2.46, P < 0.001), while the mean duration of stay was 23.71 vs. 23.97 days (P > 0.05). Newborn immaturity was the most common diagnosis for hospitalisation, and infections the second most common. There were no differences between repeat and non-repeat LBW births in the proportion with each diagnosis. Apart from the differences in birthweight, we were unable to explain the improved survival for repeat compared with non-repeat LBW babies. Except for differences in Apgar scores, we observed no differences in morbidity based on registered hospitalisations during infancy.     

可行走分娩镇痛应用于潜伏期的临床研究

目的评价可行走分娩镇痛在潜伏期应用的临床效果。研究宫口开张不同大小应用分娩镇痛后的产程进展，对子宫收缩力的影响及新生儿Apgar评分情况。方法确认已临产无内科合并症的初产妇共75例，随机分为三组。Ⅰ组：宫口开张1cm左右；组：宫口开张2～3cm；Ⅲ组为正常对照组未采用分娩镇痛。观察镇痛起效时间、子宫收缩力的变化、总产程、产后出血量、分娩结局及新生儿Apgar评分。结果Ⅰ组与Ⅲ组比较总产程差异无统计学意义。Ⅰ组与Ⅱ组第一产程比较时间延长，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05），Ⅱ组与Ⅲ组比较子宫收缩力无明显降低，第一产程中Ⅰ组与Ⅲ组比较子宫收缩力显著降低，P（0．05，Ⅰ组催产素使用率为100％。三组间产后出血、新生儿Apgar评分各组间差异无统计学意义。结论舒芬太尼合并低浓度的罗哌卡因引导下无痛分娩，从潜伏期应用，有明显的分娩镇痛作用，不增加产后出血量，对新生儿的Apgar评分无影响。     

Perinatal factors reported by mothers: do they agree with medical records?

As perinatal events have been linked with diseases of later onset, epidemiological studies on child development and adult health require information on the perinatal period. When national neonatal registers do not exist, review of medical records may be impractical. However, neonatal information could be obtained by asking mothers to complete a postal questionnaire using data from the Personal Child Health Record (PCHR). We assessed agreement between medical records and mothers' reports for information on delivery and the newborn's condition at birth, based on the PCHR, a short time after delivery. Of 711 women giving birth in 3 French hospitals and invited to participate in the study, 580 (82%) completed a postal questionnaire 6 weeks after delivery, copying the data recorded in the PCHR when available. Information on pregnancy, delivery and the newborn's health at birth was independently extracted from medical records by physicians of the maternity departments. Agreement between medical records and maternal reports for a range of perinatal factors was assessed in 580 newborn-mother dyads using kappa coefficients. Agreement was excellent for first and second stages of delivery, gestational age, birth weight, birth size and head circumference (kappa coefficients 0.80-1.00) and good for hospitalization during pregnancy, but poor for Apgar scores. With this exception, mothers' reports appeared reliable when compared with medical records. As PCHRs exist in most developed countries, this approach could be used in epidemiological studies on child development to increase the reliability of mothers' reports of their newborn's condition at birth.