肝移植术后并发胆道狭窄和胆泥淤积影像诊断及介入治疗

目的:评价肝移植术后胆道狭窄和胆泥淤积影像诊断及介入治疗的价值。方法:对39例肝移植术后并发胆道狭窄和胆泥淤积的影像诊断及介入治疗进行回顾性分析。结果:超声、T型管胆道造影、CT和MRI检查诊断胆道狭窄伴胆泥形成39例,38例介入治疗后胆道梗阻症状明显缓解;1例介入治疗后胆道梗阻症状未明显改善,后行外科胆管修补术。结论:T型管胆道造影或直接经皮胆道造影对肝移植术后胆道狭窄和胆泥淤积诊断特异性及敏感性最高,放射介入和内镜介入技术对其均发挥重要的治疗作用。     

主动脉瘤的CT诊断

目的:探讨螺旋CT血管造影在主动脉瘤中的诊断价值。方法:24例主动脉瘤患者行多层螺旋CT(MSCTA)血管造影并进行二维和三维图像重组,重组方法包括多平面重组(MPR),容积重组(VR),表面遮盖成像(SSD),最大密度投影(MIP)。结果:真性主动脉瘤6例,主动脉夹层动脉瘤17例,1例假性动脉瘤。多种重组图像与轴位图像相结合能清晰地显示动脉瘤的解剖细节及其与周围器官的空间解剖关系。结论:MSCTA对主动脉瘤有较高的临床诊断价值。     

腰椎全板减压术后顽固下腰痛的原因分析

[目的]分析腰椎全板切除术后残留下腰痛的原因,指导选择合理的手术方法。[方法]回顾分析1996～2000年作者采用全椎板切除减压治疗的腰椎管狭窄症患者临床资料,69例获得5年以上随访的患者作为本组研究对象,使用日本骨科学会(JOA)标准对患者的神经功能和下腰痛程度进行评分,根据手术前后下腰痛程度的变化将病例分为无残存下腰痛(lowbackpain,LBP)组和残存LBP组,针对术前的临床和影像学参数,使用软件包SPSS13.0进行对数回归分析,确定术后残存下腰痛的临床预测因素,并对这些影响因素进行两组间比较和统计分析。[结果]术前腰椎前突角、腰椎活动度和手术减压范围与术后残存下腰痛密切相关。残存LBP组患者术前腰椎生理前突和活动度分别为(22.27°±3.12°)和(22.91°±2.31°),显著低于无残存LBP组患者的腰椎前突和活动度(37.23°±2.19°)和(31.66°±1.52°),P值分别为0.000和0.002;而残存LBP组的减压节段(2.77±0.19节)明显高于无残存LBP组(1.70±0.10节),P值为0.000。[结论]对于术前腰椎前突减小,腰椎活动度下降的椎管狭窄症患者单纯施行多节段的腰椎全板减压容易导致术后顽固性下腰痛的出现,应引起作者重视。     

冠心病患者CRP水平与肾动脉狭窄的关系

【论文特点介绍】本研究观察了CRP是否可以作为肾动脉粥样硬化狭窄（ARAs）的独立危险因子。通过对危险因素进行多变量Logistic回归分析，结果表明年龄、冠脉病变严重程度、外周血管疾病是ARAS的独立危险因素，而CRP水平、高血压、高脂血症、肾功能不全并非ARAS的独立危险因素。     

The carotid endarterectomy: Experience with 260 cases and discussion of the indications

Summary During 1978 to 1989, 235 patients were operated upon with 260 procedures for cervical carotid endarterectomy. The patients were classified according to the presence or absence of ischaemic symptomatology, and for symptomatic patients, according to the reversibility or persistance of ischaemic symptoms. So the selection of patients was: reversible ischaemia 46%, stroke 29%, asymptomatic patients 25%. In the stroke group, no patient was operated on as an emergency, the endarterectomy was only performed after stabilization of the clinical state. Three subgroups were included in patients operated on for asymptomatic carotid stenosis: casual discovery 40%, treatment of the second carotid artery (previous endarterectomy for symptomatic contralateral stenosis) 34%, and treatment of the second carotid artery (previous ECIC by-pass for contralateral carotid occlusion) 26%. All patients were operated upon after angiographic exploration (femoral catheterisation in most cases), and after cerebral CT scan. The surgical technique included general anaesthesia, systematic shunting, endarterectomy after longitudinal arteriotomy, closure without patch. The operating microscope has been used since 1985.The surgical results were studied in terms of uneventful postoperative course (87%), reversible complications (8%) and long lasting complications (5%). The long lasting complications were of local origin (1%), of neurological origin (2%), of general origin (1%). Overall the operative outcome at 6 months was: return to previous clinical state 95%, neurological sequelae 2%, death 3%. In the patients operated on for asymptomatic carotid stenosis the overall outcome was: previous clinical state 97%, death 3%. The legitimacy of carotid endarterectomy procedure is discussed in relation to some recent pertinent literature.     

Myocardial perfusion imaging and cardiac events in a cohort of asymptomatic patients with diabetes living in southern France.

AIMS: To assess the association between abnormal stress myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) and cardiac events (CE) in asymptomatic patients with diabetes and with > or = 1 additional risk factor. Predictors of abnormal stress MPI were also evaluated. METHODS: Four hundred and forty-seven consecutive patients who underwent stress MPI were prospectively followed for 2.1 [0.5-4.1] years for the subsequent occurrence of hard CE (myocardial infarction and sudden or coronary death) and soft CE (unstable angina and ischaemic heart failure requiring hospitalization). Re-vascularization procedures performed as a result of the screening protocol were not included in the analysis. RESULTS: Follow-up was successful in 419 of 447 patients (94%), of whom 71 had abnormal MPI at baseline. Medical therapy was intensified in all subjects and especially in those with abnormal MPI. Twenty-three patients with abnormal MPI underwent a re-vascularization procedure. CEs occurred in 14 patients, including six of 71 patients (8.5%) with abnormal MPI and eight of 348 patients (2.3%) with normal MPI (P < 0.005). Only two patients developed a hard CE and 12 a soft CE. In multivariate analysis, abnormal MPI was the strongest predictor for CEs [odds ratio (OR) (95% CI) = 5.6 (1.7-18.5)]. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol > or = 3.35 mmol/l [OR (95% CI) = 7.3; 1.5-34.7] and age > median [OR (95% CI) = 6.0 (1.2-28.6)] were additional independent predictors for CE. The independent predictors for abnormal MPI were male gender, plasma triglycerides > or = 1.70 mmol/l, creatinine clearance < 60 ml/min and HbA1c > 8%, with male gender the strongest [OR (95% CI) = 4.0 (1.8-8.8)]. CONCLUSIONS: Asymptomatic patients with diabetes in this study had a very low hard cardiac event rate over an intermediate period. This could be explained by the effects of intervention or by the low event rate in the background population. Randomized studies of cardiac heart disease screening are required in asymptomatic subjects with diabetes to determine the effectiveness of this intervention.     

Implication of the systolic hump in systemic arterial pressure waves

The systolic hump in the aortic blood pressure wave is defined as the aorticresistance component proportional to the aortic blood flow superimposed on the windkessel component. An electrical analogue comprising a series resistance (aortic resistance) plus a resistance (peripheral resistance) and capacitance (aortic compliance) in parallel (i.e. windkessel component) is used for analysis. Curve fitting using the leastsquares method is performed on calculated and measured blood pressure waves from dogs under haemodynamical conditions induced by infusion of three drugs (noradrenaline, isoproterenol and acetylcholine). The curve fitting RMS (root mean square) errors are <3% for blood pressure waves and <30% for blood flow waves, with good agreement between measured and calculated blood flow waveforms. Infusion of noradrenaline and acetylcholine is found to induce a significant decrease and increase in the aortic resistance, respectively. Although only a small fraction of the blood pressure wave, the systolic hump has a marked effect on the systolic pressure waveform.     

干下漏斗部室间隔缺损的外科治疗

４６例干下漏斗部室间隔缺损，占同期室缺手术治疗的２３．２％（４６／１９８）。缺损位于肺动脉瓣下３４例，漏斗部１２例。用带垫片褥式缝合修补２１例，补片修补２５例。全组无死亡。术后直接缝合组有主动脉关闭不全２例、残余分流２例，残留杂音３例。笔者认为，适时手术，选择适当的进路、应用补片修补、正确判断和处理主动脉瓣病变及对合并肺动脉狭窄者予以流出道补片加宽，是提高本病手术疗效的关键。     

扩大的椎板间开窗治疗腰椎间盘突出伴侧隐窝狭窄（附140例报告）

本组采用的扩大的椎板开窗术治疗腰椎间盘突出合并侧隐窝狭窄140例。结果全部优良，与适应症严格选择和手术损伤小有关。强调切除卡压神经根的侧隐窝后壁外侧，即上关节突的冠状面．不失其脊椎三柱系统的三角结构。俯卧位头低足高，可减少硬膜囊张力避免负损伤。切除棘突下椎板时，用神经拉勾代替神经剥离器易于分离黄韧带，用90度的椎板咬骨钳斜向棘突方向，可满意地切除该部份椎板黄韧带，并可刮切椎板内层。神经根周围滴入醋酸炎舒松A2-3ml，术后疼痛锐减。减压窗口置盖明胶海绵有其争议，作者实践体会放置害处不大，要求病人有“护腰”意识。     

Congenital esophageal stenosis presenting as noncardiac,esophageal chest pain

Summary A case of a 31-year-old female with congenital esophageal stenosis presenting with symptoms of chest pain caused by esophageal dysmotility is described. The involved segment in congenital esophageal stenosis has a characteristic thickening of the muscularis propria layer, as seen by EUS examination. In these patients, symptoms of dysphagia can be managed with esophageal dilation and noncardiac esophageal chest pain responds to pharmacotherapy with diltiazem.The opinions and assertions contained herein are the private ones of the authors and are not to be construed as official policy or reflecting the views of the Army or the Department of Defense.