单针单线缝合法和HP瓣在小瓣环主动脉瓣置换术中的应用

目的探讨联合应用单针单线缝合法和HP(hemodynamic plus)瓣对小瓣环进行主动脉瓣置换术的效果。方法对17例小瓣环主动脉瓣病变的患者联合应用单针单线缝合法植入HP瓣进行主动脉瓣置换术。术中探查主动脉瓣瓣环直径为19～22mm。术后1周复查心脏超声。结果本组患者无手术死亡,无严重的并发症。术后左室舒张末径为(49.1±9.4)mm、左室重量指数为(80.6±18.6)g/m~2、主动脉瓣跨瓣峰值压差为(21.6±12.6)mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa),均较术前[(61.5±10.3)mm、(126.5±35.1)g/m~2、(82.6±52.6)mmHg]显著降低(P值均<0.01)。患者术后纽约心脏病协会(NYHA)心功能分级较术前明显改善(x~2= 42.610,P<0.01)。结论小瓣环主动脉瓣病变患者进行主动脉瓣置换时,联合应用单针单线缝合法植入HP瓣是一种安全、有效的术式。     

Mild impairment of renal function (shrunken pore syndrome) is associated with increased risk for future surgery for aortic stenosis

Abstract

Recently, a new approach was proposed to detect mild impairment in renal function: a reduced ratio between estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) calculated by cystatin C and eGFR calculated by creatinine. We aimed to evaluate if this ratio is associated with aortic stenosis (AS) requiring surgery. We identified 336 patients that first participated in population surveys and later underwent surgery for AS (median age [interquartile range] 59.8 [10.3] years at survey and 68.3 [12.7] at surgery, 48% females). For each patient, two matched referents were allocated. Cystatin C and creatinine were determined in stored plasma. eGFR_{cystatin C} and eGFR_creatinine and their ratio were estimated. Conditional logistic regression analyses were used to estimate the risk (odds ratio (OR) with [95% confidence interval (CI)]) related to one (ln) standard deviation increase in the ratio between eGFR_{cystatin C} and eGFR_creatinine. A high ratio was associated with lower risk for AS requiring surgery (OR [95% CI]) (OR 0.84 [0.73–0.97]), especially in women (0.74 [0.60–0.92] vs. 0.93 [0.76–1.13] in men). After further stratification for coronary artery disease (CAD), the association remained in women with CAD but not in women without CAD (0.60 [0.44–0.83] and 0.89 [0.65–1.23], respectively). In conclusion, a high ratio between eGFR_{cystatin C} and eGFR_creatinine was associated with lower risk for surgery for AS, especially in women. Mild impairment of renal function is thus associated with future risk for AS requiring surgery.     

下颌下腺保存治疗新技术体系的建立与应用

<正>下颌下腺系三大唾液腺之一,其分泌的唾液占静止性唾液总量的60%～65%,在人体维持吞咽、消化、味觉、语言等口腔器官的功能以及口腔黏膜保护和龋齿预防等方面均起到非常重要的作用。既往口腔颌面外科多种疾病的传统治疗过程常常牺牲下颌下腺,导致患者程度不等的口干及生活质量下降。因此,探讨下颌下腺相关疾病治疗的新技术,有效保存作为功能器官的下颌下腺,对于预防口干及相关口腔疾病至关重要。北京大学口腔医学院唾液腺疾病研究中心历经15年,     

Prior intake of new oral anticoagulants adversely affects outcome following surgery for acute type A aortic dissection

Open in a separate window OBJECTIVESOral anticoagulation prior to emergency surgery is associated with an increased risk of perioperative bleeding, especially when this therapy cannot be discontinued or reversed in time. The goal of this study was to analyse the impact of different oral anticoagulants on the outcome of patients who underwent emergency surgery for acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD).METHODSThis was a single-centre retrospective study of patients treated with oral anticoagulation at the time of surgery for ATAAD. Outcomes of patients on new oral anticoagulant (NOAC) therapy were compared to respective outcomes of patients on Coumadin. Additionally, a survival analysis was performed comparing these 2 groups with patients who were operated on with no prior anticoagulation.RESULTSBetween January 2013 and April 2020, a total of 437 patients (63.8 ± 11.8 years, 68.4% male) received emergency surgery for ATAAD; 35 (8%) were taking oral anticoagulation at the time of hospital admission: 20 received phenprocoumon; 14, rivaroxaban; and 1, dabigatran. Compared to Coumadin, NOAC was associated with a greater need for blood-product transfusions and haemodynamic compromise. Operative mortality was 53% in the NOAC group and 30% in the Coumadin group. A 5-year survival analysis showed no significant difference between the NOAC and the Coumadin group (P = 0.059). Compared to 402 patients treated during the study period without anticoagulation, patients taking NOAC had significantly worse survival (P = 0.001), whereas that effect was not observed in patients undergoing surgery who were taking Coumadin (P = 0.99).CONCLUSIONSEmergency surgery for ATAAD in patients taking NOAC is associated with high morbidity and mortality. NOAC are a major risk factor for uncontrollable bleeding and haemodynamic compromise. New treatment strategies must be defined to improve surgical outcomes in these high-risk patients.     

Evolução e Estado Atual das Práticas de Implante Transcateter de Válvula Aórtica na América Latina – Estudo WRITTEN LATAM

Background:Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is a worldwide adopted procedure with rapidly evolving practices. Regional and temporal variations are expected to be found.Objective:To compare TAVR practice in Latin America with that around the world and to assess its changes in Latin America from 2015 to 2020.Methods:A survey was applied to global TAVR centers between March and September 2015, and again to Latin-American centers between July 2019 and January 2020. The survey consisted of questions addressing: i) center’s general information; ii) pre-TAVR evaluation; iii) procedural techniques; iv) post-TAVR management; v) follow-up. Answers from the 2015 survey of Latin-American centers (LATAM15) were compared with those of other centers around the world (WORLD15) and with the 2020 updated Latin-American survey (LATAM20). A 5% level of significance was adopted for statistical analysis.Results:250 centers participated in the 2015 survey (LATAM15=29; WORLD15=221) and 46 in the LATAM20. Combined centers experience accounted for 73 707 procedures, with WORLD15 centers performing, on average, 6- and 3-times more procedures than LATAM15 and LATAM20 centers, respectively. LATAM centers performed less minimalistic TAVR than WORLD15 centers, but there was a significant increase in less invasive procedures after 5 years in Latin-American centers. For postprocedural care, a lower period of telemetry and maintenance of temporary pacing wire, along with less utilization of dual antiplatelet therapy was observed in LATAM20 centers.Conclusion:Despite still having a much lower number of procedures, many aspects of TAVR practice in Latin-American centers have evolved in recent years, followingthe trend observed in developed country centers.     

A surgical treatment for frank rupture of acute type a small intramural hematoma

A 71‐year‐old woman was admitted to the hospital due to cardiac tamponade. Computed tomography revealed that the diameter and wall thickness of the ascending aorta were 36 and 9 mm, respectively. An emergent ascending aortic replacement was performed uneventfully. The pathological findings indicated frank rupture of intramural hematoma.     

椎动脉夹层分离

椎动脉夹层分离可能与血管壁结构异常或环境因素有关.症状通常由夹层分离造成管腔狭窄或血凝块形成所致,包括颈后或乳突区疼痛伴随局部神经功能障碍.椎动脉夹层分离的诊断方法包括数字减影血管造影、MRI、CT血管造影以及彩色多普勒超声等.治疗以抗凝为主.