药物负荷三维超声心动图检测存活心肌的价值

目的：利用药物负荷三维超声心动图试验,检测心肌梗死患者的存活心肌。方法：50例心肌梗死患者行冠脉血液灌注重建术（PCI,CABG）,在术前行三维超声心动图检查和多巴酚丁胺负荷超声试验,根据术后一个月复查心脏超声结果左室整体EF较术前改善〉5％与否分为存活心肌组（41例）和无存活心肌组（9例）,三维超声检查时进行左室三维重建,将左心室分为17个节段,比较负荷试验前后左室整体射血分数（EF）及左室壁各节段的射血分数EF值。结果：术后1月多巴酚丁胺负荷三维超声试验：与负荷试验前比较,存活心肌组于负荷试验时左室整体EF值[（40±13）％比（53±15）％,P〈0．05],梗死区相关节段EF值[（33±12）％比（50±18）％,P〈0．01]均明显改善;无存活心肌组负荷试验前后左室整体EF值,梗死区相关节段EF值无明显改善（P均〉0．05）。心梗患者于冠脉术后1月复查三维超声心动图,存活心肌组左室整体EF值术前、术后为（40±13）％,（49±15）％,改善20％,无存活心肌组EF值术前、术后为（36±8）％,（38±10）％,改善≤5％。结论：多巴酚丁胺负荷三维超声心动图检查对心肌梗死患者存活心肌的检测客观、可定量,有一定的临床应用价值。     

120例无保护左主干冠状动脉病变药物洗脱支架术的临床疗效和随访研究

目的探讨药物洗脱支架(DES)在无保护左主干冠状动脉(LMCA)病变的疗效。方法回顾性分析符合条件连续的120例无保护LMCA病变患者行DES的疗效,将其分为分叉病变组(80例)和非分叉病变组(40例)两组,根据病变特点行单支架术或双支架术,分析其支架术的操作特点,住院期间及出院后随访其主要心脏不良事件(MACE,包括死亡、非致死性心肌梗死及靶病变重建)及支架内血栓形成(ST)的情况。结果两组间的临床基线情况差异无统计学意义,共106(88.3%)例患者完成随访,分叉病变组更多使用血管内超声(IVUS)指导治疗(但P>0.05),分叉病变组33例行双支架术,非分叉病变组5例行双支架术(P=0.001),住院期间无MACE及支架内血栓(ST)发生,出院随访平均(26.3±14.5)个月,MACE11例(9.2%),总共死亡3例(2.8%),都是SYNTAX积分及EuroSCORE均属高危的患者,非致死性心肌梗死2例(1.9%),靶病变重建(TLR)6例(5.7%),造影再狭窄6例(占造影随访患者的15.8%),两组ST各1例,两组间MACE差异无统计学意义(7.5%比12.5%,χ2=0.801,P=0.503)。结论在选择性患者行DES治疗无保护LMCA病变不论是否分叉病变近远期的安全性和有效性可以接受。     

Early sustained ventricular arrhythmias complicating acute myocardial infarction

Objective

Sustained ventricular arrhythmias complicate 2% to 20% of acute myocardial infarctions (MIs) and are associated with increased in-hospital mortality. However, it remains unclear whether successful mechanical revascularization improves outcomes in these patients. The objective of this analysis was to identify predictors of sustained ventricular arrhythmias after acute MI and to determine the influence of successful revascularization on in-hospital mortality.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention for acute MI in New York State between 1997 and 1999.

Results

Of the 9015 patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention for acute MI, 472 (5.2%) developed sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) or ventricular fibrillation (VF) before revascularization. After multivariable adjustment, independent predictors of sustained VT/VF included cardiogenic shock (odds ratio [OR], 4.10; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.20-5.58; P <.001), heart failure (OR, 2.86; 95% CI, 2.24-3.67: P <.001), chronic kidney disease (OR, 2.58; 95% CI, 1.27-5.23; P = .009), and presentation within 6 hours of symptom onset (OR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.18-1.81; P = .001). Patients with sustained VT/VF had greater in-hospital mortality (16.3% vs 3.7%, P <.001). Although successful percutaneous coronary intervention was associated with decreased in-hospital mortality in patients with VT/VF (P <.001), patients with sustained VT/VF and successful revascularization experienced increased mortality compared with patients without sustained ventricular arrhythmias (P <.001).

Conclusion

Among patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention for acute MI, sustained VT/VF remains a significant complication associated with a 4-fold increased risk of in-hospital mortality. Early mortality is reduced after successful percutaneous coronary intervention, but remains elevated in this high-risk group.     

急性心肌梗死患者直接介入治疗后无再流与血浆组织因子及其途径抑制物的关系

目的 通过测定急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)前后血浆组织因子(TF)、组织因子途径抑制物(TFPI)水平的变化,探讨TF、TFPI与无再流的关系.方法 选择2006年5月至2007年5月于我院急诊行PCI的AMI患者53例,用ELISA法检测患者PCI术前、术后即刻、术后24 h外周静脉血 TF、TFPI水平.比较其中无再流者与再灌流者不同时点TF、TFPI水平的变化.结果 PCI术前、术后即刻、术后24 h无再流组血浆TF、TFPI水平均明显高于再灌流组[TF(275.3±46.2)ng/L比(236.8±44.3)ng/L、(332.7±41.3) ng/L 比(282.3±38.7) ng/L、(315.5±47.8) ng/L 比(248.1±46.9) ng/L;TFPI(165.2±38.4) μg/L 比(128.5±18.7) μg/L、(176.3±36.8)μg/L 比(135.6±20.3) μg/L、(149.8±31.7) μg/L 比(118.7±19.2) μg/L;均P＜0.01];PCI术后即刻,丽组TF水平均较术前明显升高(P＜0.01);PCI术后24 h,无再流组TF水平仍高于术前水平(P＜0.05),再灌流组与术前比较无差异(P＞0.05);PCI前后两组TFPI水平均无明显变化(P＞0.05).结论 AMI患者直接PCI后无再流的发生与血浆,TF水平呈正相关,TF可激活外源性凝血途径,形成微血栓而导致无再流,而TFPI可阻止血栓形成而防治无再流的发生.     

高压氧治疗对冠状动脉支架置入术后支架内再狭窄的影响

目的观察高压氧治疗对经皮冠状动脉内支架置入术后再狭窄的防治作用。方法将68例首次接受冠状动脉内支架置入的冠心病患者随机分为高压氧治疗组（治疗组）和对照组，随访6～8个月，记录主要不良心脏事件（包括死亡、心绞痛及非致死性心肌梗死）的发生率、靶血管再次成形率和支架内再狭窄发生率。结果治疗组再狭窄发生率（6．67％）明显低于对照组（22．58％），P〈0．05；主要不良心脏事件发生率（8．82％）明显低于对照组（38．24％），P〈0．05；靶血管再次成形率治疗组（2．94％）低于对照组（11．76％），但差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论高压氧治疗具有防治经皮冠状动脉内支架置入术后再狭窄的良好临床效果。     

西洛他唑联合胺碘酮对冠心病患者PCI术后凝血功能及心肌重塑的影响

[目的]探讨西洛他唑联合胺碘酮对冠心病患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后凝血功能及心肌重塑的影响.[方法]在本院行PCI手术的80例冠心病患者随机分为两组,对照组患者使用西洛他唑进行治疗,观察组患者使用西洛他唑联合胺碘酮进行治疗.比较两组患者的疗效,治疗前后的心肌重塑率及血小板凝聚率和不良反应发生情况.[结果]观察...     

No‐Touch Hepatic Hilum Technique to Treat Early Portal Vein Thrombosis After Pediatric Liver Transplantation

A ‘no‐touch’ hilum technique used to treat early portal vein complications post‐liver transplantation in five children with body weight <10 kg is described. Four patients developed thrombosis and one portal flow absence secondary to collateral steal flow. A vascular sheath was placed through the previous laparotomy in the ileocolic vein (n = 2), inferior mesenteric vein (n = 1) or graft umbilical vein (n = 1). Portal clots were mechanically fragmented with balloon angioplasty. In addition, coil embolization of competitive collaterals (n = 3) and stent placement (n = 1) were performed. The catheter was left in place and exteriorized through the wound (n = 2) or a different transabdominal wall puncture (n = 3). A continuous transcatheter perfusion of heparin was subsequently administered. One patient developed recurrent thrombosis 24 h later which was resolved with the same technique. Catheters were removed surgically after a mean of 10.6 days. All patients presented portal vein patency at the end of follow‐up. Three patients are alive after 5 months, 1.5 and 3.5 years, respectively; one patient required retransplantation 18 days postprocedure and the remaining patient died of adenovirus infection 2 months postprocedure. In conclusion, treatment of early portal vein complications following pediatric liver transplantation with this novel technique is feasible and effective.     

血脂康对家兔血管成形术后内膜增殖及C-myc基因表达的影响

目的　探讨血脂康对家兔血管成形术后血管内膜增殖及C myc基因表达的影响。方法　 3 0只高胆固醇喂养 4周的日本雄性大白兔 ,用球囊导管剥脱腹主动脉内皮 4周后 ,对局部动脉粥样硬化狭窄部位行球囊成形术后随机分为对照组、高脂组和血脂康组。 4周后采集局部血管行病理形态、反转录PCR法C myc基因半定量及其C myc蛋白免疫组化分析。结果　病理形态学观察血脂康组血管内膜面积小于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,对照组血管内膜面积小于高脂组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,血脂康组C myc基因水平及其蛋白阳性细胞百分比低于后两组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,而后两组水平接近 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　血脂康可抑制家兔血管成形术后内膜增殖及C myc基因的表达。     

Treatment of Chronic Mesenteric Ischemia by Subintimal Angioplasty of an Occluded Superior Mesenteric Artery

INTRODUCTION: Subintimal angioplasty is an established technique for the recanalisation of occluded vessels. It has been applied extensively to the peripheral arterial system but not the mesenteric vessels in mesenteric angina. REPORT: We report the first described case of recanalisation of a mesenteric vessel. The vessel has remained patent for five years with good symptomatic relief. DISCUSSION: Subintimal angioplasty could represent an alternative treatment to major surgery for occlusive disease of the mesenteric vessels.     

介入性完全性血运重建对冠状动脉多支病变患者长期预后的影响

目的 比较单支和多支冠状动脉病变患者经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)后的远期预后以及实施完全性或不完全性血运重建对后者长期临床疗效的影响. 资料与方法 959例冠心病患者行选择性冠状动脉内支架置入术,其中单支病变组(single-vessel disease,SVD)362例,多支病变完全性血运重建组(complete revascularization,CR)291 例,多支病变不完全性血运重建组(incomplete revascularization,IR)306例,对比分析3组患者PCI手术后2.5年随访结果. 结果 与CR组比较,IR组患者中冠状动脉病变严重程度、3支病变比例、左主干病变、分叉病变数量均高 (P＜0.05) ,病变数目少而平均置入支架数多(P＜0.05).SVD组冠状动脉病变平均狭窄程度重而植入支架长度和直径均小于另两组(P＜0.05).IR组再发心绞痛(P＜0.05)、再次血运重建比例(P＜0.01)和MACE事件发生率(P＜0.05)均显著高于另两组. 结论 通过行PCI术实现完全性血运重建的多支冠状动脉病变患者长期预后效果与单支病变者类似,优于不完全性血运重建者.