大脑中动脉重度狭窄"亚满意"支架成形术前后的血流动力学参数分析

目的探讨大脑中动脉(MCA)M1段重度狭窄"亚满意"成形术前、后血流动力学参数的变化。方法回顾性分析2016年1月至2020年5月郑州大学人民医院脑血管介入治疗中心采用Enterprise支架治疗的20例MCA M1段重度狭窄患者的临床资料。对所有患者手术前、后均行头颅数字减影血管造影(DSA)检查,根据脑血管旋转造影数据建立数值模型,应用血流动力学系列软件计算手术前、后及计算机模拟狭窄部位完全修复后狭窄局部、狭窄近端、远端正常血管及穿支根部的壁剪切力和管腔内总压力。术后复查DSA判断血管狭窄程度,以残余狭窄率<30%(定义为"亚满意")为手术成功。结果20例患者的手术均成功。术后即刻造影显示MCA狭窄率较术前明显降低[分别为(29.9±13.2)%、(86.6±10.0)%,t=15.31,P<0.05]。20例患者术后MCA狭窄部位和穿支根部的壁剪切力均较术前降低[狭窄部:(25.1±4.6)Pa、(49.0±13.2)Pa,穿支根部:(1.1±0.2)Pa、(3.5±0.4)Pa,均P<0.05],而狭窄近端和远端正常血管的壁剪切力均较术前增高[近端:(7.2±3.8)Pa、(3.6±2.6)Pa,远端:(12.6±5.8)Pa、(4.9±2.6)Pa,均P<0.05]。术后狭窄部位和近端正常血管壁面的总压力均较术前降低[狭窄部位:(276.5±86.3)Pa、(992.6±15.7)Pa,狭窄近端:(605.4±27.8)Pa、(992.6±15.7)Pa,均P<0.05],而穿支根部和狭窄远端正常血管的总压力均较术前增高[穿支根部:(58.2±5.6)Pa、(2.7±0.3)Pa,狭窄远端:(101.0±43.4)Pa、(10.3±4.3)Pa,均P<0.05]。通过计算机技术将狭窄部位管腔恢复至同两端血管完全一致时,狭窄部位、狭窄近端、远端正常血管及穿支根部的壁剪切力、总压力与术后的差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论MCA M1段重度狭窄"亚满意"成形术后狭窄局部、近端、远端正常血管及穿支根部的血流动力学参数均较术前发生明显改变,且达到较理想的血流动力学状态。     

Health-Related Quality-of-Life after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients with UA/NSTEMI and STEMI: the Korean Multicenter Registry

Compared with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), long-term outcomes are known to be worse in patients with unstable angina/non-STEMI (UA/NSTEMI), which might be related to the worse health status of patients with UA/STEMI. In patients with UA/NSTEMI and STEMI underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), angina-specific and general health-related quality-of-life (HRQOL) was investigated at baseline and at 30 days after PCI. Patients with UA/NSTEMI were older and had higher frequencies in female, diabetes and hypertension. After PCI, both angina-specific and general HRQOL scores were improved, but improvement was much more frequent in angina-related HRQOL of patients with UA/NSTEMI than those with STEMI (44.2% vs 36.8%, P < 0.001). Improvement was less common in general HRQOL. At 30-days after PCI, angina-specific HRQOL of the patients with UA/NSTEMI was comparable to those with STEMI (56.1 ± 18.6 vs 56.6 ± 18.7, P = 0.521), but general HRQOL was significantly lower (0.86 ± 0.21 vs 0.89 ± 0.17, P = 0.001) after adjusting baseline characteristics (P < 0.001). In conclusion, the general health status of those with UA/NSTEMI was not good even after optimal PCI. In addition to angina-specific therapy, comprehensive supportive care would be needed to improve the general health status of acute coronary syndrome survivors.     

导丝硬头穿刺技术在血液透析相关上腔静脉闭塞再通术中的应用

目的探讨导丝硬头穿刺技术在血液透析相关上腔静脉闭塞再通术中应用的安全性及临床疗效。方法回顾性分析37例血液透析相关上腔静脉闭塞并接受导丝硬头穿刺再通术患者的临床资料,37例患者均接受上腔静脉再通并计划置入带隧道和涤纶套的透析导管(tunnel-cuffed catheter,TCC)。比较术前、术后TCC导管血流量、尿素清除率(Kt/V)及尿素下降率(urea reduction ratio,URR),统计手术技术成功率、围手术期严重并发症及术后3个月TCC相关并发症发生率。结果手术开通的技术成功率为91.9%(34/37),围手术期严重并发症发生率为2.7%(1/37)。3例患者未成功开通上腔静脉,其中2例患者出现少量纵膈血肿经保守治疗后好转,1例患者开通术中出现心包填塞,经心包穿刺引流后好转康复出院。术后TCC导管血流量(t=-3.669,P<0.001)、Kt/V值(t=-9.170,P<0.001)、URR(t=-7.673,P<0.001)均优于术前,差异有统计学意义。术后3个月随访患者未出现TCC相关并发症。结论应用导丝硬头穿刺技术开通上腔静脉闭塞病变安全、有效,熟练、谨慎的手术操作是取得技术成功的关键。     

经皮血管腔内成形术结合局部小剂量持续灌注溶栓治疗糖尿病膝下动脉病变

目的 探讨采用经皮血管腔内成形术(PTA)治疗糖尿病膝下动脉病变的效果以及术后小剂量溶栓对膝下动脉血流的影响.方法 回顾性分析自2011年1月至2013年9月行介入治疗的糖尿病膝下动脉病变患者28例,共37条肢体(左下肢16条、右下肢21条),74支膝下动脉存在狭窄或闭塞,胫前动脉30支、胫后动脉22支、腓动脉22支,合并有髂股动脉病变肢体30条.根据术前CTA结果分别采用同侧顺行、经对侧股动脉入路、经肱动脉途径行PTA或支架治疗,测量介入治疗前后踝肱指数(ABI).介入治疗术后从留置导管鞘内持续经微量泵注入尿激酶(20～ 30)万U/24 h,共48 h进行溶栓,记录溶栓前后从胫骨平台到足踝处的图像帧数.术后随访3个月以上,测量ABI并行彩超或CTA检查,计量资料采用配对样本t检验.结果 32条肢体通过球囊扩张或支架得以开通,开通率为86.4％.37条肢体ABI术前为0.70±0.31,术后首日增加至0.90±0.21,差异有统计学意义(t=10.734,P＜0.05).成功开通的32条肢体在小剂量溶栓后造影,从胫骨平台到足踝处的图像帧数由介入术后即刻的(6.3±1.6)帧降低到(4.7±1.4)帧,差异有统计学意义(t=12.136,P＜0.05).6条有静息痛的肢体术后临床症状缓解明显.14条有溃疡和(或)坏疽的肢体,l例介入开通血管后从踝关节平面截肢、3例截趾,3例足趾坏疽的患者随访期间足趾自行离断而愈合,其余患者创面在1～3个月内愈合.术后随访3～ 24个月有3例患者3条肢体复发并再次行PTA治疗.结论 介入治疗糖尿病膝下动脉病变,近期疗效确切,安全性较高;介入术后小剂量溶栓治疗安全,有助于改善膝下动脉血流.     

Impact of Cardiovascular Interventions on the Quality of Life in the Elderly

INTRODUCTION

The elderly population is growing rapidly. Political and socio-economic changes led to the demographic transition in this population with the highest number of surgeries and as well as many comorbidities.

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the impact of cardiovascular intervention on quality of life of elderly patients after three and six months.

METHODS

Analytical prospective cohort study with elderly between 60 and 80 years of age, of both sexes, with a diagnosis of coronary artery disease and underwent cardiovascular intervention during the period June 2010 to June 2011. Data were collected by individual interviews in the pre and postoperative periods (after three and six months) by telephone. We used the SF-36 to analyse quality of life in order to assess the physical and mental health of the study population.

RESULTS

Of the 44 individuals evaluated, 59.1% were men, 75% in the range of 65 to 74 years, 38.6% were white and 38.6% were black, 31.8% were uneducated, 43.2% were married and 68.2% had less than a minimum wage. Prevailed patients: non-diabetics (68.2%), non-obese (81.8%), hypertensive (84.1%), non-alcoholic and non-smokers (68.2% and 61.4%, respectively). A significant increase in the average of the SF-36 scores between pre and post-surgical periods (three and six months) for the domains: functional capacity, pain, general health, vitality and emotional aspect.

CONCLUSION

The elderly population undergoing intervention may have cardiovascular benefits and improvements of quality of life. Physical fitness improvement measures can be taken to resume that capability.     

长球囊血管成形术对糖尿病足凝血及纤溶功能的影响

目的：观察长球囊血管成形术治疗糖尿病足术后凝血和纤溶系统活性的动态变化，探讨长球囊血管成形术预防再狭窄的可能机制。方法：选取糖尿病足患者40例，实验组20例，行长球囊血管成形术，对照组20例行短球囊血管成形术，术前，术后即刻、术后24h采取股静脉血，检测组织型纤溶酶原激活物（t—PA）、纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂（PAI-1）、纤维蛋白肽A（FPA）的含量。结果：两组患者的t—PA含量在术后即刻均降低，术后24h实验组的较术后即刻有明显恢复（P〈0．05），且较对照组的显著（P〈0．05），两组分别为（33．30±3．20）ng／ml，（31．01±0．89）ng／ml。PAI-1含量术后两组均显著升高（P〈0．05），24h两组患者均显著降低，实验组降低更显著（P〈0．05），两组分别为（44．33±0．75）ng／ml，（47．86±2．52）ng／ml。FPA含量术后两组均显著升高（P〈0．05），24h两组均显著降低，实验组降低更显著（P〈0．05）。结论：手术前、后t—PA、PAI-1、FPA含量的变化．提示长球囊血管成形术对糖尿病足治疗有效，可能降低血栓事件发生，预防术后再狭窄。     

Peri-procedural myocardial injury: 2005 update.

During the past three decades, percutaneous coronary intervention has become one of the cardinal treatment strategies for stenotic coronary artery disease. Technical advances, including the introduction of new devices such as stents, have expanded the interventional capabilities of balloon angioplasty. At the same time, there has been a decline in the rate of major adverse cardiac events, including Q-wave acute myocardial infarction, emergency coronary artery bypass grafting, and cardiac death. Despite these advances, the incidence of post-procedural cardiac marker elevation has not substantially decreased since the first serial assessment 20 years ago. As of now, these post-procedural cardiac marker elevations are considered to represent peri-procedural myocardial injury (PMI) with worse long-term outcome potential. Recent progress has been made for the identification of two main PMI patterns, one near the intervention site (proximal type, PMI type I) and one in the distal perfusion territory of the treated coronary artery (distal type, PMI type II) as well as for preventive strategies. Integrating these new developments into the wealth of clinical information on this topic, this review aims at giving a current perspective on the entity of PMI.     

急性心肌梗死直接与联合冠状动脉入治疗的比较

目的比较尿激酶静脉溶栓联合冠状动脉(冠脉)介入治疗(PCI)术与直接PCI术对急性心肌梗死(AMI)的有效性和安全性。方法64例首次ST段抬高AMI(STelevationmyocarialinfarc-tion,STEMI)患者随机分为直接PCI组(直接PCI治疗)和联合PCI组(在尿激酶静脉溶栓基础上联合直接PCI治疗)。PCI术治疗前后行冠脉造影、心电图检查,观察梗死相关血管(IRA)前向血流,测定心肌梗死溶栓治疗临床试验(TIMI)血流、TIMI心肌灌注分级(TMPG),计算冠脉造影灌注积分(APS)和心电图ST段回落程度,评估心外膜血管和心肌灌注情况,对两组患者介入术前IRA通畅率、住院期间出血并发症、急性缺血事件发生率及出院前左心室功能进行比较。用线性回归分析评价ST段回落程度与APS的相关性。结果PCI术前联合PCI组冠脉再通率显著高于直接PCI组(68.8%比37.6%,P<0.05),其中完全再通率在两组间比较差异有统计学意义(46.9%比21.9%,P<0.05);联合PCI组心肌再灌注率显著高于直接PCI组(71.9%比37.4%,P<0.01),其中完全心肌再灌注率在两组间比较差异有统计学意义(46.9%比21.9%,P<0.05)。PCI术后两组IRA的TIMI血流3级比较差异无统计学意义(90.6%比87.5%,P>0.05),但比较TMPG差异有统计学意义(93.8%比75.0%,P<0.05),其中TMP3级有明显差异(65.6%比37.5%,P<0.05);联合PCI组APS10~12分(心肌完全再灌注)与直接PCI组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。介入治疗后出院前联合PCI组的LVEF值明显大于直接PCI组。联合PCI组ST段完全回落比例明显高于直接PCI组。线性回归分析评价ST段回落程度与APS之间有显著相关性(相关系数r=0.961,P<0.001),住院期间两组均无死亡病例、严重出血及急性缺血事件发生。结论联合PCI术较直接PCI术可获得更好的IRA开通、心肌组织和微循环灌注及心功能的明显改善。APS结合TIMI血流分级和TMPG可较好地完整评价心外膜血管和心肌灌注情况,并与心电图ST段回落程度有显著相关性。     

经皮冠状动脉介入治疗后并发围术期心肌梗死患者的临床特征

目的探讨经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)后围术期并发心肌梗死(PMI)患者的发生原因及临床特征。方法将PMI患者44例与同期行PCI的213例冠心病患者对比分析。结果①PMI患者合并糖尿病者较多(36.4%和27.2%,P=0.016);血清总胆固醇[(5.69±1.73)mmol/L和(4.47±1.61)mmol/L,P=0.041]和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇[(3.17±1.15)mmol/L和(2.67±0.98)mmol/L,P=0.032]较高、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇[(0.41±0.08)mmol/L和(0.53±0.24)mmol/L,P=0.049]较低;冠脉病变积分较高(12.75±5.61和8.96±3.68,P=0.027)、左主干(9.1%和4.2%,P=0.001)和多支病变(63.6%和41.8%,P=0.002)均多于非PMI组。②两组患者PCI成功率(95.5%和94.8%,P=0.523)相当,PMI并发边支闭塞(11.4%和3.8%,P=0.001)和慢(无)血流者(34.1%和13.1%,P=0.001)较多;球囊扩张时间长[(15.4±5.9)s和(8.7±2.4)s,P=0.026]、次数多(3.1±1.2和1.5±0.6,P=0.003),扩张压力无差别[(114.2±26.3)kPa和(98.0±35.4)kPa,P=0.752];支架置入较多(2.8±1.1和1.3±0.4,P=0.037)和X线曝光时间较长[(102.3±14.5)min和(67.9±23.4)min,P=0.002]。结论PMI患者在术前多具有高血糖、高血脂的危险因素,冠脉病变复杂、高危,术中多次、长时间扩张病变和并发边支闭塞及慢(无)血流是其发生PMI的主要原因。     

长鞘联合大球囊阻断技术在破裂腹主动脉瘤腔内治疗应用

目的 评价长鞘联合大球囊阻断技术在破裂腹主动脉瘤腔内治疗的效果及其治疗经验.方法 回顾性分析新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院血管外科2009年2月-2014年6月共11例破裂腹主动脉瘤患者的临床资料.其中男性9例,女性2例;年龄69 ～ 88岁,平均76岁.动脉粥样硬化性腹主动脉瘤7例,腹主动脉假性动脉瘤2例,感染性腹主动脉瘤2例.11例术前均完成CT动脉造影检查,急诊行腔内修复术,术中使用长鞘联合大球囊阻断技术.结果 术中无患者死亡.术后1例患者出现造影剂肾病;1例出现腹腔间隔室综合征,均在1周后死亡.随访期间,1例出现Ⅰ型内漏,再次行腔内治疗;1例假性动脉瘤复发再次破裂,放弃治疗.结论 长鞘联合大球囊阻断技术在破裂腹主动脉瘤腔内治疗是安全有效的治疗方式.