整体护理改善护患关系的体会

整体护理的实施,重塑了护士的职业价值观,增加了护患之间的接触。护士能够在自己的专业范围内积极主动地解决病人的问题,挖掘了护理人员的自身潜力,加深了护患交流,使护患关系明显改善。     

The Use of Performance Improvement Methods to Enhance Emergency Department Patient Satisfaction in the United States: A Critical Review of the Literature and Suggestions for Future Research

Objectives: The authors reviewed the evidence on performance improvement methods for increasing emergency department (ED) patient satisfaction to provide evidence-based suggestions for clinical practice.
Methods: Data sources consisted of searches through MEDLINE, CINAHL, PSYCHINFO, Cochrane Library, and Emergency Medicine Abstracts and a manual search of references. Articles were included if they reported a performance improvement intervention targeting patient satisfaction in the ED setting. Articles on studies not conducted in the United States or that failed to provide enough details to allow critical evaluation of the study were excluded. Two authors used structured evaluation criteria to independently review each retained study.
Results: Nineteen articles met all selection criteria. Three studies found varying levels of support for multicomponent interventions, predominantly focused on implementation of clinical practice guidelines for specific presenting complaints and process redesign. Sixteen studies evaluated single-component interventions, with the following having at least one supportive study: using alternating patient assignment to provider teams rather than "zone"-based assignment, enhancing provider communication and customer service skills, incorporating information delivery interventions (e.g., pamphlets, video) that target patient expectations, using preformatted charts, and establishing ED-based observation units for specific conditions such as asthma and chest pain.
Conclusions: There is modest evidence supporting a range of performance improvement interventions for improving ED patient satisfaction. Further work is needed before specific, evidence-based recommendations can be made regarding which process changes are most effective. Recommendations are made for improving the quality of performance improvement efforts in the ED setting.     

选择性颈外动脉栓塞治疗鼻出血

目的 探讨选择性颈外动脉栓塞治疗鼻出血的方法、疗效及并发症。方法 对26例鼻腔填塞失败的鼻出血患者行27次超选择性颈外动脉分支栓塞治疗。结果27次超选择性颈外动脉分支栓塞全部成功，达到止血目的，无一例出现严重并发症。结论 选择性颈外动脉栓塞治疗严重鼻出血，疗程短、痛苦小、成功率高、临床效果显著，是安全有效的治疗方法。     

64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像在心肌桥和壁冠状动脉诊断中的价值

目的探讨64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像对心肌桥(MB)的诊断及其临床价值。资料与方法1422例患者均行64层CT扫描,所有数据传至工作站进行重组和后处理,观察有无MB,测量MB的长度、厚度、壁冠状动脉狭窄程度等。所有MB病例均行冠状动脉造影(CAG)检查并与CT结果对比。结果共发现104例119段MB,平均长度及厚度分别为(5.0±2.7)mm、(2.0±1.6)mm,壁冠状动脉狭窄程度为(31±17)%。104例MB患者CAG发现42例44段MB,其长度、厚度与CT结果存在明显差异。结论64层CT对MB和壁冠状动脉清晰显示,有特殊的临床价值。     

Subselective embolisation in management of JNA

Role of Embolisation in preoperative management of Nasopharyngeal angiofibroma is well established in present day therapeutic modalities. An improvised technique i.e., subselective embolisation has been provided by Interventional radiologists to fortify the therapeutic results. This study compares the final outcome of seven cases, four of which were embolised pre operatively. Each case was dealt with varying surgical approaches.     

肠系膜静脉血栓的影像诊断和溶栓治疗

目的 报告肠系膜静脉血栓(MVT)血管造影的基本征象和留置导管溶栓治疗的初步经验。资料与方法 4例患者，男3例，女1例，平均年龄42岁。原发疾患分别是肾病综合征、肝细胞性肝癌、胰腺炎和剖宫术后。2例有腹部超声检查。4例均经肠系膜上动脉(SMA)插管造影诊断为MVT。随后留置导管，直接实施尿激酶灌注溶栓及抗凝。结果 MVT血管造影的基本征象是：(1)SMA及其分支痉挛和显影时间延长。(2)肠系膜上静脉(SMV)延迟显影或几乎不显影。(3)SMV主干或较大分支内的充盈缺损。(4)肠壁增厚，肠腔内对比剂存留和网膜静脉迂曲扩张。尿激酶(或组织溶栓剂)和肝素治疗后3～10天复查，上述征象消失，SMV显影时间正常，血流通畅。患者临床症状亦改善，免去了手术治疗。结论 选择性SMA造影为临床怀疑MVT时直接观察SMV血流状态的准确诊断手段，并可同时实施经SMA导管尿激酶灌注溶栓及观察疗效。     

多层螺旋CT血管成像在肝静脉解剖中的应用研究

目的 探讨16层螺旋CT显示肝静脉的价值,优化扫描延迟时间和各种后处理技术,并分析国人肝静脉的解剖构成比.资料与方法 选取30例患者,分别于注射对比剂后50 s.60 s.70 s、80 s.90 s行肝区扫描,测量肝右或肝中静脉主干与肝实质的CT值,采用重复设计资料的方差分析得到肝静脉的最佳延迟时间;将重组原始图像进行最大密度投影(MIP)、容积再现(VR)和表面遮蔽显示(SSD)后处理,记录各种重组方法对肝静脉的显示级别,采用K related Friedman秩和检验得到最佳的后处理方法.以Nakamura和Marcos的解剖分类为标准,分析75例患者的解剖构成情况.结果 延迟70 s和VR为肝静脉的最佳延迟时间和后处理方法.国人肝静脉解剖以Nakamura Ⅰ型和Marcos Ⅰ型为主.结论 多层螺旋CT可清晰、准确地显示肝静脉,为临床提供了一种无创性的检查方法.     

内乳动脉插管介入治疗胸部病变

目的 探讨内乳动脉在胸部疾病中的血管造影表现及其在介人治疗中的价值。方法 应用seldinger法，对3l例病灶为内乳动脉供血或参与主要供血的胸部疾病患者进行了内乳动脉造影及介人治疗。结果3l例患者中，20例肺癌患者进行单纯内乳动脉或与其他供血动脉共同灌注化疗，部分行明胶海绵颗粒栓塞治疗，疗效满意。4例中、晚期乳癌灌注化疗后肿块明显缩小。1例低度侵袭性胸腺瘤灌注化疗后明显缩小转放疗。6例大咯血经内乳动脉和其他出血动脉灌注止血药物及明胶海绵栓塞后完全止血。结论 内乳动脉在一些胸部疾病中为主要供血动脉，经该动脉进行介入治疗有重要价值。     

冠状动脉粥样硬化与脂质过氧化损伤和血管内皮功能之间的关系

目的 :通过观察临床特点和实验室检查 ,探讨冠状动脉粥样硬化形成与血管内皮功能、体内脂质过氧化之间的关系。　方法 :血生化检查包括三酰甘油、胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白、高密度脂蛋白和血糖以及测定氧化修饰低密度脂蛋白 (OxLDL)、一氧化氮 (NO)和内皮素 (ET)。使用PHILIPS 980 0型数字减影心血管造影仪进行选择性冠状动脉造影。　结果 :75例患者中 ,冠状动脉损伤 (1支或多支 )组 5 0例 (6 6 .6 7% )。冠状动脉无损伤组 2 5例(33.33% )。冠状动脉损伤组与无损伤组的特殊实验室检查结果 :OxLDL分别为 (6 5 .73± 5 .37)mmol/L和(4 6 .95± 7.74 )mmol/L(P <0 .0 5 ) ,NO分别为 (6 5 .31± 9.87) μmol/L和 (87.6 2± 10 .0 9) μmol/L(P <0 .0 5 ) ;ET分别为 (91.92± 8.5 0 )ng/L和 (82 .81± 7.37)ng/L(P <0 .0 5 )。　 结论 :高脂血症、原发性高血压、糖尿病是冠状动脉粥样硬化的危险因素。OxLDL、NO和ET与冠状动脉粥样硬化的形成和发展有着密切的关系