支气管动脉CTA对支气管动脉栓塞术的指导作用

目的探讨支气管动脉CTA对支气管动脉栓塞术(BAE)的指导作用。方法回顾性分析48例先后接受支气管动脉CTA及BAE的咯血病例,利用CTA MPR、VR及MIP技术准确、清晰记录支气管动脉分布情况、起源位置及方位、形态改变及非支气管动脉供血情况,并与BAE术中造影结果进行对比。结果 46例咯血患者(除外2例肺栓塞患者)CTA共检出102支支气管动脉,其中57支起源于T5~6椎体水平降主动脉,左侧支气管动脉供血6例,右侧支气管动脉供血9例,双侧支气管动脉共同供血31例;支气管动脉造影(BAG)检出的支气管动脉分布为左侧支气管动脉供血8例,右侧支气管动脉供血13例,双侧支气管动脉共同供血25例,两种方法检出的支气管动脉分布类型差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。CTA检出起源于降主动脉其他水平及其他体循环动脉(异常起源)45支,BAG检出2支。支气管动脉CTA检出20支支气管肋间动脉干,BAG检出4支。CTA检出11例非支气管动脉供血,BAG检出8例。在显示支气管肋间动脉干、非支气管动脉尤其是异常起源的支气管动脉方面,CTA优于BAG。结论支气管动脉CTA准确率高,可以为BAE提供详细的解剖信息,优化治疗方案,提高栓塞的准确率及效率,降低漏栓率。     

Prostatic Arterial Embolization with Small Sized Particles for the Treatment of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Due to Large Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Preliminary Results

Background:The clinical failure after prostatic artery embolization (PAE) with conventional particles was relatively high,in treatment for lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) due to benign prostatic hy...     

Incidence of Pleural Effusion in Patients with Pulmonary Embolism

Background:

No data on the incidence of pleural effusion (PE) in Chinese patients with pulmonary embolism are available to date. The aim of the current study was to investigate the frequency of PE in a Chinese population of patients with pulmonary embolism.

Methods:

This was a retrospective observational single-center study. All data of computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) performed over 6-year period on adult patients with clinically suspected pulmonary embolism were analyzed.

Results:

From January 2008 until December 2013, PE was identified in 423 of 3141 patients (13.5%) with clinically suspected pulmonary embolism who underwent CTPA. The incidence of PE in patients with pulmonary embolism (19.9%) was significantly higher than in those without embolism (9.4%) (P < 0.001). Majority of PEs in pulmonary embolism patients were small to moderate and were unilateral. The locations of emboli and the numbers of arteries involved, CT pulmonary obstruction index, and parenchymal abnormalities at CT were not associated with the development of PE.

Conclusions:

PEs are present in about one fifth of a Chinese population of patients with pulmonary embolism, which are usually small, unilateral, and unsuitable for diagnostic thoracentesis.     

Plasma α1-antitrypsin: A Neglected Predictor of Angiographic Severity in Patients with Stable Angina Pectoris

Background:

As an acute phase protein, α1-antitrypsin (AAT) has been extensively studied in acute coronary syndrome, but it is unclear whether a relationship exists between AAT and stable angina pectoris (SAP). The purpose of the present study was to investigate the association between AAT plasma levels and SAP.

Methods:

Overall, 103 SAP patients diagnosed by coronary angiography and clinical manifestations and 118 control subjects matched for age and gender were enrolled in this case-control study. Plasma levels of AAT, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), lipid profiles and other clinical parameters were assayed for all participants. The severity of coronary lesions was evaluated based on the Gensini score (GS) assessed by coronary angiography.

Results:

Positively correlated with the GS (r = 0.564, P < 0.001), the plasma AAT level in the SAP group was significantly higher than that in the control group (142.08 ± 19.61 mg/dl vs. 125.50 ± 19.67 mg/dl, P < 0.001). The plasma AAT level was an independent predictor for both SAP (odds ratio [OR] = 1.037, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.020–1.054, P < 0.001) and a high GS (OR = 1.087, 95% CI: 1.051–1.124, P < 0.001) in a multivariate logistic regression model. In the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, plasma AAT level was found to have a larger area under the curve (AUC) for predicting a high GS (AUC = 0.858, 95% CI: 0.788–0.929, P < 0.001) than that of hsCRP (AUC = 0.665, 95% CI: 0.557–0.773, P = 0.006; Z = 2.9363, P < 0.001), with an optimal cut-off value of 137.85 mg/dl (sensitivity: 94.3%, specificity: 68.2%).

Conclusions:

Plasma AAT levels correlate with both the presence and severity of coronary stenosis in patients with SAP, suggesting that it could be a potential predictive marker of severe stenosis in SAP patients.     

肺静脉隔离术后心房颤动早期复发和延迟愈合的相关因素分析

目的探讨Lasso标测导管指导下行节段性肺静脉电隔离术后心房颤动(房颤)早期复发和延迟愈合的相关因素。方法120例[男性104例,女性16例;平均年龄(50．4±8．9)岁]行节段性肺静脉电隔离术的房颤患者,单因素和多因素分析老龄(≥60岁)、性别、房颤类型、病史、合并高血压、左心房直径、射血分数、P波离散度、被隔离肺静脉数及手术时间与早期复发和延迟愈合的相关性。结果早期复发率为48．3％(58／120),左心房扩大(P=0．004)和老龄(P=0．033)与早期复发显著相关,左心房直径是早期复发的独立预测因素(OR=1．16,95％CI为1．04～1．28,P=0．005);延迟愈合率为29．3％(17／58),与延迟愈合显著相关的变量为:P波离散度(P<0.001)、左心房直径(P=0．016)、老龄(P=0．001)。P波离散度是延迟愈合的独立预测因素(OR=0．92,95％CI为0．87-0．97,P=0．005)。结论左心房扩大、老龄与肺静脉隔离术后房颤早期复发有关,左心房直径是早期复发的独立预测因素;P波离散度较小、左心房无扩大的低龄患者延迟愈合的可能性较大,P波离散度是延迟愈合的独立预测因素。     

Symptoms of advanced heart failure—A case for radiofrequency catheter ablation?

A sixty-year-old man with previous history of coronary artery disease was admitted due to progressive worsening of dyspnoea at exertion (NYHA III functional class) and no angina. Coronary angiography confirmed occlusion of the right coronary artery which was naturally bypassed by homocollaterals with TIMI 3 flow to the peripheral branches. The lesion was not technically suitable for percutaneous angioplasty. The left coronary artery was without stenosis. On echocardiography, both the left ventricle and the left atrium were dilated and hemodynamically significant mitral regurgitation was present. Surface ECG showed a left bundle branch block with repeated runs of monomorphic ventricular ectopic beats (PVC). Radiofrequency catheter ablation of the focus in the posteroseptal region of the left ventricle underneath the mitral valve was performed using electroanatomical mapping system. After the procedure, mitral regurgitation decreased and reverse remodeling of the left ventricle and the left atrium occurred with concomitant significant clinical improvement of the patient. The authors discuss several treatment strategies: mitral valve repair surgery combined with revascularization, implantation of a biventricular ICD system or elimination of the focus of monomorphic VT runs by radiofrequency catheter ablation as a possible causal approach in the treatment of PVC-induced cardiomyopathy.     

国人载脂蛋白E基因多态性与冠心病发病之间的相关性

目的 探讨载脂蛋白E基因112bp与158bp位点多态性与血脂水平及冠心病发生之间的关系。方法采用生物化学法分别测量经冠状动脉造影证实的89例冠心病患者及43例正常人空腹血脂水平，应用聚合酶链反应限制片长多态性分析方法对载脂蛋白E基因DNA244bp的5’末端片段进行限制性片段长度多态性分析。结果冠心病组甘油三酯、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白、载脂蛋白B及脂蛋白（a）水平均高于对照组（P〈0．05），而载脂蛋白A1水平则低于对照组（P〈0、05）；冠心病组载脂蛋白Eε2基因型频率明显为低（P〈0．001）。结论载脂蛋白E基因多态性特征会明显影响人群中个体的血浆脂质水平，从而增加人群中个体发生冠心病的危险。     

胰岛素抵抗对糖耐量正常冠心病患者冠脉病变的影响

目的探讨胰岛素抵抗对糖耐量正常冠心病患者冠脉病变的影响。方法以112例冠心病患者为研究对象,采用自我平衡模型分析法(homeostasismodelassessment,HOMA)指数作为评价胰岛素抵抗的指标,将患者分为胰岛素抵抗组和胰岛素敏感组,应用多元逐步回归分析对相关危险因素进行分析。结果两组患者多支冠脉病变的发生率差异有统计学意义,弥漫性病变的发生率差异有极显著性意义,体重指数、收缩压、空腹血浆胰岛素、总胆固醇、甘油三酯与冠脉病变程度正相关,高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇与之呈负相关。结论冠心病合并胰岛素抵抗患者冠脉多支病变、多处病变及弥漫性病变的发生率高,提示胰岛素抵抗及其所造成的肥胖、高血压、脂质代谢紊乱是冠心病的独立危险因素。     

Alteration of laboratory findings after radiofrequency ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma: relationship to severity of the underlying liver disease and the ablation volume

Background/Aims

To investigate sequential changes in laboratory markers after radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the relationship of these changes to the severity of the underlying liver disease.

Methods

This retrospective analysis included 65 patients (44 males, 21 females) who underwent RFA of HCC. Hematologic and biochemical markers were assessed at the pre-RFA period and 1 day, 2-3 days, and 1-2 weeks after RFA. We classified the subjects into two groups: Child-Pugh A (n=41) and Child-Pugh B (n=24). The ablative margin volume (AMV) of each patient was measured. We analyzed the changes in laboratory profiles from the baseline, and investigated whether these laboratory changes were correlated with the AMV and the Child-Pugh classification.

Results

Most of the laboratory values peaked at 2-3 days after RFA. AMV was significantly correlated with changes in WBC count, hemoglobin level, and serum total bilirubin level (Pearson''s correlation coefficient, 0.324-0.453; P<0.05). The alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level varied significantly over time (P=0.023).

Conclusions

Most of the measured laboratory markers changed from baseline, peaking at 2-3 days. The ALT level was the only parameter for which there was a significant difference after RFA between Child-Pugh A and B patients: it increased significantly more in the Child-Pugh A patients.     

The comparison of high and standard definition computed tomography techniques regarding coronary artery imaging

ObjectiveThe aim was to compare coronary high-definition CT (HDCT) with standard-definition CT (SDCT) angiography as to radiation dose, image quality and accuracy.ResultsThe intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of measured vessel attenuation values in SDCT between the two radiologists was exceedingly good. The ICC was higher in HDCT. The radiation dose of HDCT was higher than that of SDCT. The mean tube current was 180 (mA) in HDCT and 147(mA) in SDCT with the same tube voltage (kVp). There was no significant difference between image quality.ConclusionHDCT has a higher radiation dose but has much more atenuation and the spatial resolution which improve measurement accuracy for imaging coronary arteries.