儿童房室结折返性心动过速患者经冷冻消融和射频消融的结果比较

目的 比较经导管冷冻消融和射频消融治疗儿童房室结折返性心动过速（AVNRT）的临床效果。方法 73例年龄在18岁以下，诊断为AVNRT的患者入选本研究，根据治疗方法分为冷冻消融组（冷冻组）和射频消融组（射频组），记录并分析比较两组的临床特点、冷冻标测次数、消融次数、X线曝光时间、消融术总时间、成功率、并发症发生率以及复发率。结果 共73例患者入选，冷冻组33例，男性16例，女性17例，平均年龄（12．4±2．8）岁；射频组40例，男性18例，女性22例，平均年龄（13．6±2．2）岁。冷冻组和射频组的消融次数分别为（2．7±1．7）次和（11±6．3）次（P〈0．001），X线曝光时间分别为（20±7）min和（25±9）min（P〈0．05），消融术总时间分别为（214±33）min和（164±36）min（P〈0．05），消融成功率88％（29／33）对100％（40／40）（P〈0．01），一过性房室阻滞的并发症发生率为12％对2．5％（P〈0．01）。冷冻组所有术中发生的传导阻滞均在5min内恢复。两组的复发率差异无统计学意义（6％与2．5％，P=NS）。结论 经导管冷冻消融治疗儿童AVNRT安全有效，但成功率低于射频消融，目前可作为后者的一种补充。     

射频导管消融治疗室上性心动过速对心率变异性的影响

目的：探讨射频导管消融对心脏自主神经系统功能的影响。方法：对５３例室上性心动过速患者采用时域、频域法对比分析射频导管消融前后心率变异性。结果：射频导管消融术后平均心率、最小心率、低频与高频的比值上升，２４小时平均心率的标准差，心率变异性指数、变异系数、２４小时ＲＲ间期直方图１／２高度时的宽度、２４小时ＲＲ间期直方图１／１０高度时的宽度、总频谱，低频成份和高频成份均降低。结论：射频导管消融术后迷走神经和交感神经张力均降低，但主要影响的是迷走神经张力，从而表现为心率变异性的降低。     

规范化应用“双低”扫描CT血管成像

随着对CT辐射剂量及对比剂肾病认识的不断重视,近年来"双低"CTA扫描技术被逐步应用并成为研究热点。"双低"CTA技术旨在保证影像质量满足诊断需求的前提下,降低受检者X线辐射剂量和碘摄入量。本文针对"双低"概念的提出、基本原理、扫描技术规范和临床应用现状进行综述。     

优化低剂量一站式全脑CT灌注成像联合CTA扫描方案

目的 探讨优化一站式全脑CT灌注成像（CTP）联合CTA扫描方案。方法 对45例受检者行一站式全脑CTP联合CTA,共进行22期相扫描,并采用3种扫描方案,选取第10期相灌注图像重建CTA图像,其中A组为自动管电流调制（ATCM）技术及低噪声指数（噪声指数=2）,B组为管电流325 mA,C组为ATCM及稍低噪声指数（噪声指数=2.5）;3组其余各期相均采用ATCM技术且噪声指数设定为8;3组扫描方案的管电压均为100 kV。记录辐射剂量相关参数,比较CTA、CTP图像的噪声（SD）、SNR、CNR及不同部位脑实质各灌注参数值及CTA、CTP图像的主观评分。结果 3组有效剂量（ED）差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,其中A组ED明显高于B、C组（P=0.043、0.001）;3组CTA图像噪声、SNR、CNR及主观评分差异无统计学意义（P=0.218、0.545、0.575、0.900）,CTP图像相应部位图像噪声、SNR、各灌注参数值及主观评分差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。结论 采用ATCM技术一站式全脑CTP联合CTA检查可通过适当增加噪声指数减低患者辐射剂量。     

双源CT与传统CTA-DSA技术在头颈部血管成像的对比应用

目的：探讨炫速双源CT双能量成像在头颈部动脉血管中应用的价值。方法96例患者随机分成两组：A组炫速双源组(n=48),使用炫速双源行头颈部CTA双能量检查,扫描参数140 kV/Sn80 kV,210/105 mAs;月组传统Neuro-DSA组(n=48),使用炫速双源内的传统Neuro-DSA常规扫描方法,参数120 kV/245 mAs;同时比较两组检查的悦栽容积剂量指数(CTDI vol)以及进行图像质量主观评分。结果两组间影像质量的主观评估差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组间辐射剂量差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),A组有效剂量为(7.54±0.05)mGy,较B组的(10.67±0.08)mGy降低<25豫。结论头颈部血管炫速双源双能量成像与传统Neuro-DSA成像对比双能成像辐射小,成像质量效果好,但颅底骨存在过度减影的缺点,技术亟需改进。     

三维动态增强MR血管造影在颈动脉海绵窦瘘诊断价值

目的探讨三维动态增强MR血管造影(3D-CE-MRA)在颈动脉海绵窦瘘(CCF)的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析10例具有完整临床和影像学资料的CCF病例,所有患者均行三维时间飞跃法MR血管造影(3DTOF-MRA)及3D-CE-MRA,其中7例为外伤性,3例为自发性,男性6例,女性4例,均经临床及DSA确诊,比较分析3D-TOFMRA与3D-CE-MRA在CCF的显示效果。结果10例患者中3D-TOF-MRA可见6例显示海绵窦扩张,9例可见眼上静脉扩张,2例岩上窦、2例岩下窦引流,海绵间窦扩张2例,瘘口显示2例;3D-CE-MRA可见全部10例患侧海绵窦扩大,3例为两侧海绵窦显影并扩大,可见海绵间窦扩张,眼上静脉扩张10例,岩上窦引流5例,岩下窦7例,瘘口显示6例。结论 3D-CE-MRA较3D-TOF-MRA在CCF诊断对海绵窦扩大及瘘口显示、静脉回流等细节显示更清楚,但对双侧海绵窦同时显影时需结合临床及其他征象鉴别。     

Carto 3系统指导下导管消融频发性室性早搏的有效性观察

目的 探讨Carto 3三维电生理导航系统指导消融频发性室性早搏(PVC)的临床疗效,以及射频消融术(RFCA)前后血浆氨基末端B型利钠肽(NT-pro BNP)、心脏结构功能的变化。方法 选取2011年至2013年47例频发室性早搏患者行射频消融治疗的患者为病例组,根据标测系统的不同,分为传统组(n=17)和三维组(n=30)。观察比较两组手术时间、X线曝光时间、放电次数及手术即刻成功率、远期成功率。同时监测所有病例行导管消融前及消融3个月后的NT-pro BNP、左室射血分数(LVEF)及左室舒张末期内径(LVEDd)值,另选取51例健康体检者为对照组。结果 三维组在手术时间、X线曝光时间、消融放电次数上明显优于传统组,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组即刻成功率(82.35% vs 93.33%)、远期成功率(76.47% vs 86.67%)相近,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。对照组、病例组术前、病例组术后3个月NT-pro BNP浓度、LVEDd以及LVEF值比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 较二维影像,在Carto 3三维电生理导航系统下行射频消融治疗频发性室性早搏具有较高的即刻及远期成功率,且安全、有效。     

Appropriateness of angiography for suspected coronary artery disease

The aim of this study was to assess the appropriate use of diagnostic catheterizations (DC) for the patients with suspected coronary artery disease performed in Iran. The Electronic Health Record System database and manual review of files were utilised to collect data between 2012 and 2014. Patients were categorized in three groups as appropriate, uncertain, and inappropriate usage of DC and the logistic regression was used to investigate the relationships between variables. One-quarter of the 2458 angiographies were rated as inappropriate, out of which 99% had no previous stress test. The rate of inappropriate DC between various hospitals were approximately the same. The regression showed that some risk factors (Sex, high cholesterol, smoking, chronic heart failure, renal failure, diabetes) were significantly associated with inappropriate rate.     

Evidence-based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Interventional Pain Management in Cancer Pain

Intractable cancer pain not amenable to standard oral or parenteral analgesics is a horrifying truth in 10–15% of patients. Interventional pain management techniques are an indispensable arsenal in pain physician''s armamentarium for severe, intractable pain and can be broadly classified into neuroablative and neuromodulation techniques. An array of neurolytic techniques (chemical, thermal, or surgical) can be employed for ablation of individual nerve fibers, plexuses, or intrathecalneurolysis in patients with resistant pain and short life-expectancy. Neuraxial administration of drugs and spinal cord stimulation to modulate or alter the pain perception constitutes the most frequently employed neuromodulation techniques. Lately, there is a rising call for early introduction of interventional techniques in carefully selected patients simultaneously or even before starting strong opioids. After decades of empirical use, it is the need of the hour to head towards professionalism and standardization in order to secure credibility of specialization and those practicing it. Even though the interventional management has found a definite place in cancer pain, there is a dearth of evidence-based practice guidelines for interventional therapies in cancer pain. This may be because of paucity of good quality randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating their safety and efficacy in cancer pain. Laying standardized guidelines based on existing and emerging evidence will act as a foundation step towards strengthening, credentialing, and dissemination of the specialty of interventional cancer pain management. This will also ensure an improved decision-making and quality of life (QoL) of the suffering patients.     

Cerebral Angiographic Findings of Cosmetic Facial Filler-related Ophthalmic and Retinal Artery Occlusion

Cosmetic facial filler-related ophthalmic artery occlusion is rare but is a devastating complication, while the exact pathophysiology is still elusive. Cerebral angiography provides more detailed information on blood flow of ophthalmic artery as well as surrounding orbital area which cannot be covered by fundus fluorescein angiography. This study aimed to evaluate cerebral angiographic features of cosmetic facial filler-related ophthalmic artery occlusion patients. We retrospectively reviewed cerebral angiography of 7 patients (4 hyaluronic acid [HA] and 3 autologous fat-injected cases) showing ophthalmic artery and its branches occlusion after cosmetic facial filler injections, and underwent intra-arterial thrombolysis. On selective ophthalmic artery angiograms, all fat-injected patients showed a large filling defect on the proximal ophthalmic artery, whereas the HA-injected patients showed occlusion of the distal branches of the ophthalmic artery. Three HA-injected patients revealed diminished distal runoff of the internal maxillary and facial arteries, which clinically corresponded with skin necrosis. However, all fat-injected patients and one HA-injected patient who were immediately treated with subcutaneous hyaluronidase injection showed preserved distal runoff of the internal maxillary and facial arteries and mild skin problems. The size difference between injected materials seems to be associated with different angiographic findings. Autologous fat is more prone to obstruct proximal part of ophthalmic artery, whereas HA obstructs distal branches. In addition, hydrophilic and volume-expansion property of HA might exacerbate blood flow on injected area, which is also related to skin necrosis. Intra-arterial thrombolysis has a limited role in reconstituting blood flow or regaining vision in cosmetic facial filler-associated ophthalmic artery occlusions.