江滩地区纳潮引水药浸法杀灭钉螺的现场评价

［摘要］　目的　比较江滩地区纳潮引水药浸法与单纯喷洒法现场灭螺效果。方法　在2块相邻有螺江滩上分别采用纳潮引水药浸法灭螺（灭螺药为26%四聚·杀螺胺乙醇胺盐悬浮剂）与单纯26%四聚·杀螺胺乙醇胺盐悬浮剂喷洒法灭螺，在灭螺前后分别进行螺情调查并计算灭后活螺密度。结果　纳潮引水药浸法灭螺后1年和2年活螺密度下降率分别为72.19%和100.00%，单纯喷洒法灭螺后1年和2年活螺密度下降率分别为5.93%和18.15%。结论　有螺江滩纳潮引水药浸法灭螺效果明显优于单纯喷洒法灭螺，纳潮引水药浸法灭螺持续开展2年以上效果更佳。     

Improvement in Solubility and Molecular Assembly of Cyclopentadithiophene–Benzothiadiazole Polymer

Using linear side chains for conjugated polymers is hindered by their limited solubility in common organic solvents, creating problems during purification and processing, whereas branched alkyl chains generally preclude interchain interdigitation because their bulkiness usually hinders interchain interactions. To compensate the adverse effects from each side chain, it is shown that replacing commonly employed 2‐ethylhexyl (2EH) solubilizing groups with branched 5‐ethylnonyl (5EN) chains not only improves solution processability to PCDT‐BT polymer, but also induces an advantageous change in polymer self‐assembly and backbone orientation in thin films that correlates with an increase in transistor performance.

     

失效模式与效应分析在三级医院标本检验前质量管理中应用研究

目的 应用失效模式与效应分析理论(failure mode and effects analysis, FMEA)提高三级医院细菌培养标本检验前的质量管理。方法 成立院级失效模式与效应分析小组,对标本检验前质量控制中存在的失效模式进行风险评估,通过FMEA分析法确定5项影响质量的失效因子为高风险因子,制定改进措施,比较FMEA实施前后风险优先指数值(risk priority number,RPN)及标本不合格率。 结果 FMEA实施后,标本检验前质量管理5项失效模式的RPN值均显著下降;标本不合格率由0.085%降低到0.046%。 结论 将FMEA应用于标本采集与收送流程质量控制的各个环节,可以有效地提高标本检验前合格率,确保检验分析质量,提高医院风险管理水平。     

急救护理路径在急性心肌梗死患者抢救中的应用效果观察

【】目的：探讨急救护理路径在急性心肌梗死患者抢救中的应用效果。方法：选择2015年12月～2017年2月间到我院急诊科就诊的急性心肌梗死的患者共112例,所有患者均行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI),按照随机原则分为两组,对照组56例患者采取常规护理干预,观察组56例患者按照急救护理路径进行护理,比较两组患者抢救效果。结果：观察组患者分诊评估时间、静脉通道构建时间、进出急诊室时间、球囊扩张时间、住院时间均明显短于对照组患者(P＜0.05),急性心肌梗死复发率、再行PCI手术率、死亡率均明显低于对照组患者(P＜0.05),护理总满意度明显高于对照组患者(P＜0.05)。结论：急性心肌梗死患者抢救过程中应用急救护理路径能够有效缩短各急救环节时间,提高抢救成功率,提高患者护理满意度,建议临床推广应用。     

“养筋汤”加味联合盐酸氨基葡萄糖片治疗膝骨性关节炎28例

目的:观察"养筋汤"加味联合盐酸氨基葡萄糖片治疗膝骨性关节炎的临床疗效。方法:将56例膝骨性关节炎患者随机分为治疗组与对照组,每组28例,治疗组采用"养筋汤"加味联合盐酸氨基葡萄糖片治疗,对照组单纯口服盐酸氨基葡萄糖片。结果:治疗组疗效优秀18例,良好7例,无效3例,优良率为89.3%;对照组疗效优秀10例,良好8例,无效10例,优良率为64.3%,差异有统计学意义,P0.05。结论:"养筋汤"加味联合盐酸氨基葡萄糖片治疗膝骨性关节炎的临床效果明显,值得临床推广。     

股骨头坏死保头手术治疗的研究进展

股骨头坏死是多因素导致的病理生理过程。未经有效治疗的股骨头坏死患者中约80%在发病4年内出现股骨头塌陷。股骨头坏死的治疗方案应根据患者的病因和病程制定,早中期患者多可通过保头手术预防或延缓病情进展。保头手术主要包括髓芯减压术、植骨术、多孔钽棒置入术、截骨术、细胞因子或干细胞移植术。本文就上述治疗方法的研究进展作一综述。     

Two consecutive randomized controlled pertussis booster trials in children initially vaccinated in infancy with an acellular vaccine: The first with a five-component Tdap vaccine to 5-year olds and the second with five- or monocomponent Tdap vaccines at age 14–15 years

Prior study children from a DTaP efficacy trial were recruited at ages 5 and 15 years to randomized booster trials addressing immunogenicity and reactogenicity; 475 preschool children received mixed or separate injections of a reduced antigen vaccine (Tdap5, Sanofi Pasteur MSD) and an inactivated polio vaccine, and 230 adolescents received the same or another booster vaccine (Tdap1, SSI, Denmark).Pre-vaccination antibody concentrations against pertussis antigens were significantly higher at 15 than 5 years of age, probably due to natural boosting between the studies. Tdap5 induced comparable anti-PT concentrations at both ages, but antibody responses were significantly higher to filamentous haemagglutinin, pertactin and fimbriae 2/3 in adolescents. As expected, a higher amount of PT (Tdap1, 20 μg) induced a stronger anti-PT response than a lower amount (Tdap5, 2.5 μg).The frequency of adverse events was low and there were no serious adverse reactions. All local reactions had an early onset and a short duration. A large swelling or redness of more than half of the upper arm circumference was reported in 8/475 5-year-olds and in 6/230 15-year-olds. Children vaccinated with Tdap5 reported more moderate pain in adolescence than at preschool age, whereas itching was only reported in preschool children.Sweden introduced DTaP vaccines in 1996 after a 17-year hiatus with no general pertussis vaccination and pertussis was still endemic at the time of the studies. The frequency of adverse events was nevertheless low in both preschool children and adolescents and antibody responses were adequate. These studies document immunogenicity and reactogenicity in a trial cohort consecutively vaccinated with acellular pertussis vaccines from infancy to adolescence.The adolescent study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov on 26 March 2009 (NCT00870350).     

Integrative modeling of multi‐platform genomic data under the framework of mediation analysis

Given the availability of genomic data, there have been emerging interests in integrating multi‐platform data. Here, we propose to model genetics (single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)), epigenetics (DNA methylation), and gene expression data as a biological process to delineate phenotypic traits under the framework of causal mediation modeling. We propose a regression model for the joint effect of SNPs, methylation, gene expression, and their nonlinear interactions on the outcome and develop a variance component score test for any arbitrary set of regression coefficients. The test statistic under the null follows a mixture of chi‐square distributions, which can be approximated using a characteristic function inversion method or a perturbation procedure. We construct tests for candidate models determined by different combinations of SNPs, DNA methylation, gene expression, and interactions and further propose an omnibus test to accommodate different models. We then study three path‐specific effects: the direct effect of SNPs on the outcome, the effect mediated through expression, and the effect through methylation. We characterize correspondences between the three path‐specific effects and coefficients in the regression model, which are influenced by causal relations among SNPs, DNA methylation, and gene expression. We illustrate the utility of our method in two genomic studies and numerical simulation studies. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.