钝针扣眼穿刺法在血液透析患者动静脉内瘘穿刺中的应用

目的探讨钝针扣眼穿刺法应用于血液透析患者动静脉内瘘穿刺中的效果。方法便利选取2012年6月至2014年10月在温州医科大学附属第一医院行动静脉内瘘维持性血液透析的160例患者为研究对象,根据随机对照原则将其分为对照组(区域穿刺组)和研究组(钝针扣眼穿刺组),比较两组患者的疼痛评分和并发症发生率。结果研究组患者的疼痛评分[(0.82±0.46)分]低于对照组[(3.72±1.08)分],血管狭窄、血栓形成、动脉瘤形成等并发症的发生率低于对照组,动静脉内瘘血流量高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论钝针扣眼穿刺法大大减轻了血液透析患者动静脉内瘘穿刺的痛苦,内瘘的血流量足,并发症发生率低,值得临床推广应用。     

Recurrent enteric gallstone obstruction

Small bowel gallstone obstruction may recur, most often within a few days after surgery, due to an overlooked intraenteric stone or subsequent passage of another gallstone via the cholecystoenteric fistula. In the case reported herein there was a 6-month interval. A critical review of the radiologic signs of gallstone ileus is presented.     

How does pouch construction for a final diagnosis of Crohn's disease compare with ileoproctostomy for established Crohn's proctocolitis?

PURPOSE: There is a difference of opinion concerning the role of ileal pouch-anal anastomosis in Crohn's disease, even in the absence of small-bowel or perianal disease. One view is that ileal pouch-anal anastomosis should never be entertained, the other is that ileal pouch-anal anastomosis, like ileoproctostomy, can be justified sometimes, because it allows young people a period of stoma-free life. The aim of this study was to examine the outcome of ileal pouch-anal anastomosis and to contrast it with ileoproctostomy in patients with Crohn's disease without small-bowel or perianal disease. METHODS: Ileal pouch-anal anastomosis was performed in 23 patients with Crohn's disease (12 of whom had evidence of Crohn's disease at the time of operation and 11 who were eventually found to have Crohn's disease as a result of complications) and ileoproctostomy in 35. Patients were matched for age, gender, follow-up, and medication, but all ileoproctostomy cases had relative rectal sparing. Thus, the groups were not comparable and the reasons for ileal pouch-anal anastomosis and ileoproctostomy were therefore quite different. RESULTS: The outcome in ileal pouch-anal anastomosis at a mean follow-up of 10.2 years was pouch excision, 11 (47.8 percent); proximal stoma, 1 (4.3 percent; patient preference); average small-bowel resection, 65 cm; persistent perineal sinus, 8 of 11 having pouch excision (73 percent); and mean time in hospital, 37 (range, 8–108) days. Of those in circuit having ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (n=12), 24-hour bowel frequency was 6, with no incontinence or urgency, but 6 (50 percent) were on medication. When ileal pouch-anal anastomosis was done for Crohn's disease in the resection specimen, only 4 of 12 (33 percent) were excised compared with 7 of 11 (64 percent) in whom the diagnosis was made as a result of complications. The outcome in ileoproctostomy at a mean follow-up of 10.9 years was rectal excision in 3 (8 percent), proximal stoma in 1 (3 percent), average small-bowel resection was 15 cm, persistent perineal sinus in 1 (3 percent), and time in hospital was 21 (range, 8–36) days. Of those in circuit (n=32), 24-hour bowel frequency was 5, 2 had incontinence, 3 had urgency, and 12 (36 percent) were taking medication. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that the overall outcome of ileal pouch-anal anastomosis is inferior to that of ileoproctostomy, especially if Crohn's disease was diagnosed as a result of complications. Nevertheless, the functional results of those with a successful outcome are comparable.Read at the meeting of The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons, Boston, Massachusetts, June 24 to 29, 2000.     

带膜支架治疗外伤性颈动脉海绵窦瘘(附12例报告)

目的 探讨带膜支架治疗外伤性颈动脉海绵窦瘘(TCCF)的方法、结果 和特点.方法 自2006年1月至2009年1月应用带膜支架治疗外伤性颈动脉海绵窦瘘患者12例,其中1例为双侧颈动脉海绵窦瘘,12例患者共置入13枚带膜支架.结果 所有患者均用带膜支架成功治疗.术后立即造影显示所有瘘口消失,颈内动脉保持通畅.随访6个月至2年(平均14.2个月),均未见复发,颈内动脉保持通畅,没有狭窄或闭塞.结论 带膜支架治疗TCCF方法简便,安全可靠,效果良好,是TCCF可供选择的一种治疗方法,但有其适应证和局限性.     

覆膜支架治疗颈内动脉假性动脉瘤合并海绵窦瘘一例报告并文献复习

目的 报告1例使用覆膜支架治愈颈内动脉假性动脉瘤合并颈内动脉海绵窦瘘(CCF).方法 患者因外伤后右侧上睑下垂、眼肌麻痹、眼球突出、结膜水肿2周来院,血管造影显示:右侧颈内动脉海绵窦假性动脉瘤合并CCF,患者接受覆膜支架介入治疗.结果 Jostent球囊扩张支架置于动脉瘤颈部,经反复扩张后动脉瘤和CCF均不显影.术后患者恢复良好.结论 尽管Jostent覆膜支架用于颅内血管病的治疗仍然存在一些问题,但为颈内动脉海绵窦动脉瘤和CCF的介入治疗提供了一种有效的方法 .     

颅内静脉窦血栓形成后硬脑膜动静脉瘘(附5例报告)

目的探讨硬脑膜动静脉瘘(DAVF)与静脉窦血栓形成发生的关系,以及其临床表现和治疗方法。方法回顾性分析2005年9月至2009年8月收治的5例继发于或伴发颅内静脉窦血栓形成的DAVF患者的临床资料。结果 5例患者中,3例表现为颅内出血,2例表现为突眼和结膜红肿。3例经开颅手术及1例经血管内介入栓塞治疗,术后均恢复良好;另1例未行外科处理,神经功能障碍呈进行性加重。结论静脉窦血栓形成可继发DAVF,但部分患者先期难以明确静脉窦血栓形成,而表现为DAVF伴静脉窦血栓性闭塞;颅内静脉窦血栓形成后继发的DAVF易发生颅内出血,应积极行血管内栓塞或开颅手术治疗。     

多普勒超声对老年人下肢自发性动静脉瘘的诊断价值

目的探讨老年人下肢自发性动静脉瘘的多普勒超声特点及其诊断价值。方法回顾性分析经数字减影血管造影技术诊断为自发性动静脉瘘的15例下肢动脉粥样硬化老年患者,通过彩色多普勒超声观察伴行动静脉之间有无瘘口和分流血流,并对血流频谱进行分析。结果 15例自发性动静脉瘘患者最后经手术证实均患有下肢动脉粥样硬化13例,其中(1)二维超声显示10例相邻动静脉之间存在瘘口,与13例术后结果比较,诊断符合率76.9%。(2)彩色多普勒(CDFI)显示12例相邻动静脉(或瘘口)局部出现"五彩镶嵌"血流,脉冲多普勒(PW)于瘘口处探及高速低阻动脉血流,与术后结果比较诊断符合率92.3%(12/13)。结论彩色多普勒超声方便、快捷、无创,可作为老年人下肢自发性动静脉瘘首选检查方法。     

Management of recto-vaginal fistulas after prosthetic reinforcement treatment for pelvic organ prolapse

AIM: To communicate our findings on successful treat-ment of recto-vaginal fistulas (RVFs) after prosthetic reinforcement surgery of pelvic organ prolapse (POP). METHODS: A retrospective single center study between 1998 and 2008 was performed. A total of 80 patients with RVF were identified, of which five patients (6%), with a mean age of 65 years (range: 52-73), had undergone previous surgery for POP with pros-thetic reinforcement. RESULTS: All patients complained about ongoing vaginal infections and febri...     

Cost-benefit comparison of hemodialysis access creation in a developing country and North American centres

OBJECTIVE:

It has been suggested that vascular access operations should only be performed in high-volume centres to ensure good outcomes. Vascular access operations have been routinely performed in the Cayman Islands since 2005. However, with an estimated population of 45,000 persons, only a small number of patients require vascular access in any given interval. A cost-benefit analysis of this practice was performed.

METHODS:

All patients who had vascular access operations over four years were retrospectively identified. Two groups were defined – the local group, who had operations performed by surgeons in the Cayman Islands, and the offshore group, who were transferred off the island and had operations overseas. Cumulative cost, morbidity, patency and failure rates were compared. Significance was considered present with a two-tailed P≤0.05.

RESULTS:

There were 14 patients in the local group and 22 in the offshore group. The mean cost of access creation was 6.9 times greater in the offshore group (US$26,883.36 versus US$3,913.33; P<0.001). The likelihood of the use of arteriovenous grafts was significantly greater in the offshore group (P=0.04). When therapeutic outcomes were compared, there were no differences in primary or secondary failure, primary or secondary patency, or overall access-specific morbidity.

CONCLUSIONS:

In the present setting, vascular access creation exceeded all the goals set by the National Kidney Foundation Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative and the Fistula First Breakthrough Initiative. Compared with overseas centres, this is being achieved at a significantly lower cost, with a greater likelihood of native fistula use and similar therapeutic outcomes.