Narrowing the embryologic window of the adriamycin-induced fetal rat model of esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula

We recently reported on a new fetal rat model of esophageal atresia (EA) with tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) induced by prenatal exposure to adriamycin (1.75 mg/kg i. p. injected daily to the pregnant dam from the 6th to 9th gestational days). With this treatment regime, many fetuses were resorbed and the number of associated malformations was very high. The present study demonstrates that similar doses of the drug administered only on the 8th and 9th gestational days allow higher fetal survival (9.7 3.9 vs. 6.8 4.7 fetuses per litter, P < 0.01) with a similar incidence of EA-TEF (41.2% vs. 56.4%, n. s.) and decreased occurence of associated anorectal and genitourinary malformations. Since this model is an instrument for further investigation of the disturbed cellular and morphogenetic events leading to EA and TEF, the narrowing of the embryologic window obtained by the present study will allow better focusing of the research on the critical period of time involved.     

Completely covered cloacal exstrophy: recognition of a new clinical sub-entity

A case showing many of the typical visceral features of cloacal exstrophy is reported. The patient had fn imperforate anus, a cecal-cloacal fistula, dehiscence of the pubiic symphysis, and lumbosacral spina bifida with synsingomyelia, but the lower abdominal wall was intact without any visceral extroversion. The pertinent literature was reviewed, and it was found that this case corresponded to t typical case of completely covered cloacal exstrophy. Only six cases, including the present one, have so far been reported in the literature. From a clinical viewpoint, it apparently occupies an intermediate position in the wide spectrum of cloacal anomalies between classical cloacal exstrophy and imperforate anus with recto-cloacal fistula, but anatomatically and embryologically it is definitely a variant of cloacal exstrophy. In other words, it looks like an imperforate anus with recto-cloacal exstrophy, but should be treated as a variant of loacal exstrophy. The anatomy, classification, embryology, diagnosis, and management of this peculiar surgical condition are discussed, and recognition of this entity is urged.     

全喉切除术后早期经口进食的临床观察

目的 :对喉癌、梨状窝癌行全喉切除术后早期经口进食进行可行性研究。方法 :42例行全喉切除术的患者 (其中喉癌 34例 ,梨状窝癌 8例 )随机分为两组 :观察组 2 1例 ,术后 48～ 72h经口进食 ;对照组 2 1例 ,按常规 10～ 12d经口进食。结果 :观察组咽瘘发生率为 4.8%(1/ 2 1) ,对照组为 9.5 %(2 / 2 1) ,两者差异无显著性意义(P >0 .0 5 ) ;观察组术后平均住院天数较对照组明显缩短。结论 :术前未行放疗的喉癌、梨状窝癌患者行全喉切除术后 48～ 72h经口进食是安全可行的。     

经直肠手术治疗女童后天性直肠前庭瘘91例

目的 总结经直肠修补女童后天性直肠前庭瘘的手术经验。方法 回顾性分析9l例经直肠修补后天性直肠前庭瘘患儿的临床资料。结果 术后痊愈85例，手术成功率93．4％。结论 经直肠修补女童直肠前庭瘘是简单、可靠的手术方法。     

小儿先天性动静脉瘘的诊治

目的 探讨对小儿先天性动静脉瘘(congenital arteriovenous fistula，CAVF)的诊断与治疗。方法 本组共收治15例CAVF患儿，男6例、女9例，年龄8～14岁。对全部患儿行多普勒超声，动脉造影或MRA检查。发现病变局限者5例，病变范围广泛性者10例，病变大多发生于四肢。动脉造影显示：动静脉之间出现瘘支；动脉分支多而紊乱，可呈碗蜒扭曲状，病变多为弥漫性；静脉象早期出现。对11例患儿行手术治疗，其中4例局限性病变者行病灶切除。对7例病变广泛者行1或多次减量手术，方法是沿动脉主干切除瘘支与病变组织，对分流量大又无法切除的病变组织予以缝扎，以减少分流量。对5例患儿行栓塞治疗(其中2例为术前栓塞治疗以减少手术出血)。1例未治疗。结果 随访1～6年。5例局限性患儿中3例治愈，2例病情控制。10例广泛性病变中，5例病情好转或控制，5例病情仍继续发展。结论 影像学检查是CAVF诊断与治疗的依据。CAVF治疗困难。尤其对广泛性病变者，无论手术或栓塞治疗疗效均欠理想。但对小儿CAVF应尽早治疗，这样可控制病情发展．防止并发症发生。     

预防肺泡胸膜漏临床分析（附110例恶性肺肿瘤肺叶切除）

目的 探讨恶性肺肿瘤行肺叶切除后影响住院时间的因素。方法 研究分析1995年11月至2002年10月我科收治的110例恶性肺肿瘤行肺叶切除患者的临床病理资料，相关因素数值化后，以Logistic回归分析得到对住院时间影响较大的因素。结果 术后并发症气胸和术前肺功能指标第一秒用力呼气量(FEVl)是较大的影响住院时间因素。结论 提高术前肺功能储备及预防术后气胸的发生是缩短住院时间的关键。     

祛瘀法治疗疮疡病的临床体会

运用祛瘀法为主，结合清热、化湿、养阴、理气法以及祛腐、生肌、拖线、灌注等内外合治法，治疗臁疮、窦瘘、脱疽、股肿等疮疡疾病，并附验案四则。     

胰十二指肠切除术近期合并症及技术改进

目的:探讨如何提高壶腹周围肿瘤的切除率以及降低胰十二指肠切除术后的主要并发症-胰漏的发生.方法:1995年3月～2000年12月本院行胰十二指肠术126例,除经典的手术步骤,作者对手术方法进行了改进,完整切除胰腺钩突,在门静脉与胰头粘连时应仔细分离,受到浸润时可合并门静脉侧壁或部分切除,胰肠端侧吻合时,将胰腺残端确切地套入空肠,并在吻合口两角危险区及前壁覆盖一束大网膜.结果:胰十二肠切除技术的改进,提高了切除率和生存率,而且并发症并未增加,本组患者1、3年生存率分别为71.4%、48.6%;胰肠端端吻合胰漏的发生率为4.8%,端侧吻合加吻合口周围附以带蒂大网膜无胰漏发生.结论:随着外科学的进步,胰十二指肠切除及合并门静脉部分切除已是安全有效的手术方式,胰肠端侧吻合加吻合口周围覆盖大网膜能有效地避免胰漏的发生.     

Successful Embolization of Coronary Arteriovenous Fistula Using an Interlocking Detachable Coil

Although the efficacy and feasibility of coil embolization of coronary arteriovenous fistulas have been reported, the procedure may be complicated by migration of the coil into peripheral vessels or pulmonary arteries. We report two cases of successful coil embolization of such lesions using an interlocking detachable coil. This system can provide safer and more effective coil embolization in patients with coronary arteriovenous fistula.     

The use of magnetic resonance imaging in the assessment of malignant vaginal fistulas

The objective of this study was to determine whether magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) could reliably demonstrate fistulas and any associated mass and to see whether these findings were beneficial in the management of the fistula. Twelve consecutive patients presenting with suspected vaginal fistulas were examined prospectively with MRI, using a combination of sequences, for the presence, extent and configuration of fistulas and any associated mass. Comparison was made with CT when available. All patients underwent examination under anesthesia (EUA) and the findings compared. Of the 12 women presenting, seven had vesico-vaginal fistulas (VVF) and seven had recto-vaginal fistulas (RVF). Four women had both types of fistulas. The underlying pathology was cervical cancer (seven cases), colonic cancer (three cases), breast cancer (one case) and ovarian cancer (one case). Vaginal fistulas were unequivocally seen on MRI in eight of 10 cases with fistulas. In the two cases with a difference between the MRI and EUA findings, the MRI was interpreted as showing more than was found at EUA. In the seven women with VVF, MRI detected five of the cases. In the seven women with RVF, MRI detected all seven cases. Magnetic resonance imaging was correct in determining the presence of recurrent disease in the pelvis when an associated mass was seen (seven cases). Computer-assisted tomography was compared in 10 cases and in six cases, the results were comparable and in four cases, more information was obtained from the MRI. Magnetic resonance imaging appears to be accurate in detecting and defining complex gynecologic fistulas and should be considered the investigation of choice to aid the planning of restorative, salvage or palliative surgery.