Citrate and recurrent idiopathic calcium urolithiasis

Summary In idiopathic recurrent calcium urolithiasis (RCU) in men (n=37) the metabolic effects of oral tripotassium citrate (PC) were investigated in a longitudinal field study. The patients were either normo- (n=22) or hypocitraturic (n=15). Laboratory examinations were performed before, and after 3, 6, and more than 12 months of medication. Acceptance of PC was poor, mainly because of the salty taste of the tablet preparation chosen, and a number of participants dropped out of the study. In the remaining participants, compliance was acceptable when evaluated on the basis of urinary potassium and undesired side effects did not occur. In the short term (up to 3 months), PC evoked compensated metabolic alkalosis (pH and citrate in urine increased; blood gases remained normal), a drop in urinary calcium, together with increasing oxaluria, hydroxyapatite supersaturation, and calcium phosphate crystalluria. In the long term (>12 months) PC urinary pH and citrate dissociated, in that pH returned to pretreatment baseline values, whereas citrate stayed at high levels. In normocitraturics but not in hypocitraturics, urinary urea and sodium in creased with PC. Hypocitraturics appeared to be less sensitive to the effects of PC, as reflected by the relatively small rise in urinary pH and citrate, and they maintained higher mean levels of indicators of bone metabolism (osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase, hydroxyproline) despite continuous administration of PC. It was concluded that although the PC tablet preparation was effective it may not be an ideal anti-stone drug treatment in the long term and that, especially in hypocitraturiecs, the intrinsic metabolic defect of RCU may not be sufficiently well controlled.     

Circadian rhythm of lithogenic substances in the urine

Summary After determination of the lithogenic and inhibitory substances in serum and urine of 18 healthy control subjects and 20 patients with calcium oxalate urolithiasis on an uncontrolled diet, the alteration of the parameters while taking a standard diet was investigated. After attainment of a steady state, the investigations were performed over 48h on 3-h aliquots of urine. Typical circadian rhythms were detected for all lithogenic parameters in the urine and normal ranges were established. This special investigation permits detection of peaks in the excretion of lithogenic substances which were masked in investigation of 24-h urine samples alone.     

Study of preclinical changes in workers exposed to inorganic mercury in chloralkali plants

Summary The aim of the present work was to clarify the question of preclinical changes of Hg intoxication (micromercurialism) in man. The study to detect these disorders was performed on 39 chloralkali plant workers who had been exposed to mercury for more than 7 years. The ambient air, urine and blood values of the last few years were determined in extensive measurements by various methods and related to one another. The average ambient air concentrations were clearly below the currently applicable threshold limit value (German MAK) of 0.1 mg/m³. For the purpose of clarifying the mentioned question of preclinical changes of intoxication, the exposed persons were subjected to psychomotor-function examinations and compared with a group of nonexposed persons. The blood pressure and pulse frequency values of both groups were also determined and compared with one another. No significant differences between the two groups of persons examined were detectable.Presented at the 18th Congress of the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Arbeitsmedizin in Frankfurt, 24th May 1978     

Nitric oxide and aneurysm formation in Kawasaki disease

The objective of this study is to show that nitric oxide plays a role in the development of coronary artery abnormalities in Kawasaki disease. We examined nitrite + nitrate, biopterin and neopterin in 316 urine samples of 34 patients with Kawasaki disease, those of 24 patients with other diseases, and those of 25 healthy children acting as a control group, because urinary nitrite + nitrate are reportedly useful as markers of nitric oxide generation in vivo , and pathways for neopterin-biopterin synthesis and nitric oxide generation are tightly coupled. In our study, the children with Kawasaki disease excreted more urinary nitrite + nitrate and neopterin than did the healthy control group children and excreted abnormally high quantities more often than did the patients with other diseases. Good relationships were found between the urinary nitrite + nitrate levels and the urinary biopterin levels, and between these biopterin levels and the urinary neopterin levels. Nitric oxide is therefore thought to be generated in abnormally high quantities, and to be closely related to the pathology of Kawasaki disease and to the development of coronary artery abnormalities. The role of nitric oxide in Kawasaki disease should be further studied to elucidate the pathophysiology of the disease and to aid in the development of new treatments.     

Non-diabetic urine glucose in idiopathic membranous nephropathy

This study aims to analyze the characteristics of idiopathic membranous nephropathy (iMN) with nondiabetic urine glucose during the follow-up. We retrospectively analyzed the data of 1313 patients who were diagnosed iMN. The prevalence of nondiabetic urine glucose during follow-up was 10.89%. There were significant differences between the patients with nondiabetic urine glucose and those without urine glucose in gender, hypertension ratio, proteinuria, N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase, retinol binding protein, serum albumin, serum creatinine (Scr), cholesterol, triglyceride and positive anti-phospholipase A2 receptor antibody ratio, glomerular sclerosis ratio, acute and chronic tubular injury lesion at baseline. To exclude the influence of the baseline proteinuria and Scr, case control sampling of urine glucose negative patients was applied according to gender, baseline proteinuria and Scr. The proteinuria nonremission (NR) ratio was 45.83 versus 12.50% of the urine glucose positive group and case control group. Partial remission (PR) ratio of the two groups was 36.46 versus 23.96% and complete remission (CR) ratio was 19.79% versus 63.54%, respectively. Patients with urine glucose had higher risk of 50% estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) reduction. Cox regression showed that urine glucose and baseline Scr were risk factors of 50% reduction of eGFR. Urine glucose remission ratio of the patients with proteinuria NR, PR, and CR was 13.33, 56.25, and 94.73% (p < 0.005). Patients who got urine glucose remission also had better renal survival. In conclusion, non-diabetic urine glucose was closely related to proteinuria. It could be applied as a tubular injury marker to predict renal function.     

高效毛细管电泳法检测尿液中痕量纤维蛋白肽A、B

目的 建立高效毛细管电泳测定尿液中反应体内微血栓形成的特异分子标志物纤维蛋白肽A(FPA)和纤维蛋白肽B(FPB)的方法.方法 采用25 cm×50 μm涂层毛细管柱,0.1 mol/L pH2.5的磷酸缓冲液,27.58 kPa压力进样,190nm紫外检测.用比FPB多一个酪氨酸的合成肽(FPB-Tyr)作内标,加内标后的尿样用Sep-Pak C18柱预处理.结果 采用本法,尿样中的FPA、FPB和内标可在16min内得到很好的分离,三者的迁移时间分别为:7.28、14.31、15.22min;将内标和一系列浓度的FPA、FPB标准品加入空白尿样,用Sep-Pak C18柱预处理后,毛细管电泳进样分析,在FPA和FPB浓度为0-40 mg/L的范围内,用FPA(FPB)同内标的校正峰面积比值对添加的相应的FPA(FPB)浓度得到校正工作曲线,线性关系良好,R均>0.99.未预处理的尿样中FPA、FPB的最低检出浓度分别为30μg/L、40μg/L(信噪比为3:1);本法FPA和FPB测定的日内、日间精密度好,平均回收率高.结论 本方法可靠,特异性好,可为开展纤维蛋白肽类及其它的痕量肽类分析提供参考.     

柳珊瑚酸与N-环己基柳珊瑚酰胺对大鼠和猫尿量、呼吸和血压的影响(英文)

目的:比较柳珊瑚酸(suberogorgin,Sub)与N-环己基柳珊瑚酰胺(N-cyclohexyl suberogorgamide,N-CS)的药理作用。方法:大鼠和麻醉猫给予水负荷和Sub或N-CS后记录其尿量,并测定尿Na~ ,K~ 浓度;猫实验中Sub和N-CS采用等毒性剂量(1/50 LD_(50))。结果:Sub 0.4 mg·kg(-1)和N-CS 1.5mg·kg~(-1)iv分别使猫尿量减少63％和增加25％,这种作用维持9h以上。Sub和N-CS均明显提高猫呼吸频率和潮气量,但对血压无明显影响。Sub 1.3mg·kg~(-1)和N-CS 3.2mg·kg~(-1)ip分别使大鼠尿量减少48％和增加14％,并有明显的排Na~ ,K~ 作用。结论:Sub具抗利尿作用而N-CS却具利尿利用。     

微白蛋白尿与危重患者预后

微白蛋白尿被认为是反映全身毛细血管渗透性增加的一个重要指标.目前,已经发现许多常见的内科疾病如:糖尿病、肾脏疾病和心血管疾病,都会出现微白蛋白尿,且有文献报道微白蛋白尿与危重患者的预后相关.本文就微白蛋白尿与危重患者预后的关系、预测危重患者疾病严重程度的价值进行简要综述.     

The circumferential obstetric fistula: characteristics, management and outcomes

Obstetric vesicovaginal fistula is a tragic injury that is widespread in any country where access to emergency obstetric care is limited. More and more people are now interested in treating and caring for these women, but little is known about surgical management, and most operators have developed their own methods through years of experience. One of the more challenging cases to get a functional repair is in those women who have a circumferential defect in the bladder/urethra. This article analyses a series of 77 consecutive circumferential obstetric fistula cases operated in the Barhirdar Hamlin Fistula Centre by the author.