Papillary tumor of the pineal region: Case report and review of the literature

Papillary tumor of the pineal region is a rare neuroepithelial tumor characterized by papillary architecture and epithelial cytology, immunopositivity for cytokeratin and ependymal differentiation. It is considered grade II–III by the World Health Organization and was first described by Jouvet in 2003. We present a 34-year-old male with headaches, blurred vision and normal examination. Radiological study showed a nodulocystic lesion in the pineal region compatible with pineocytoma. Surgery was performed using an infratentorial supracerebellar approach, finding a cystic tumor in the quadrigeminal cistern which was completely resected. Histopathology reported a papillary tumor of the pineal region. The patient made good progress without adjuvant therapy, and after 57 months of follow-up he remained asymptomatic and free of recurrence. A review of the literature was performed to collect all the cases published with gross total resection and no complementary treatment. In conclusion, there is still much to be learned about the pathogenesis, prognosis and management of this tumor.     

依达拉奉联合硫辛酸治疗急性缺血性卒中的临床疗效观察

目的探讨依达拉奉联合硫辛酸治疗急性缺血性卒中的临床疗效。方法 76例急性缺血性卒中患者随机分为试验组和对照组,各38例。在均使用阿司匹林和阿托伐他汀的基础上,对照组予以依达拉奉静脉滴注,试验组则予以依达拉奉和硫辛酸静脉滴注。治疗2周后,对两组患者进行美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分,比较两组的评分差异。结果治疗后,两组患者NIHSS评分均有所改善,且试验组的改善优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论依达拉奉联合硫辛酸治疗较单纯依达拉奉治疗能改善急性缺血性卒中患者的事件功能缺损。     

EAE大鼠胸腺CD4~+ CD25~+ Foxp3~+ Treg细胞的动态变化及α-硫辛酸的干预作用

目的探讨实验性变态反应性脑脊髓炎(EAE)大鼠不同病程中胸腺CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg细胞变化情况及α-硫辛酸对EAE大鼠胸腺的干预作用。方法取不同时期对照组、自然病程EAE组及α-硫辛酸EAE组大鼠的胸腺组织做流式细胞学,动态检测CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg细胞的变化情况。结果 EAE组大鼠急性期、复发期CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg细胞较同时期对照组明显减少(P<0.05),缓解期有所上升;α-硫辛酸组与同期EAE组相比CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg细胞无明显变化;半年期三组大鼠胸腺CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg细胞都明显下降,各组间无统计学差异。结论 CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg细胞参与了EAE的发病,与病程的发展密切相关;α-硫辛酸对EAE大鼠的干预作用并非通过CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg细胞发挥其治疗作用;随着年龄的增长,胸腺不再是机体的主要免疫器官。     

A CTNNA3 compound heterozygous deletion implicates a role for αT-catenin in susceptibility to autism spectrum disorder

Background

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a highly heritable, neurodevelopmental condition showing extreme genetic heterogeneity. While it is well established that rare genetic variation, both de novo and inherited, plays an important role in ASD risk, recent studies also support a rare recessive contribution.

Methods

We identified a compound heterozygous deletion intersecting the CTNNA3 gene, encoding αT-catenin, in a proband with ASD and moderate intellectual disability. The deletion breakpoints were mapped at base-pair resolution, and segregation analysis was performed. We compared the frequency of CTNNA3 exonic deletions in 2,147 ASD cases from the Autism Genome Project (AGP) study versus the frequency in 6,639 controls. Western blot analysis was performed to get a quantitative characterisation of Ctnna3 expression during early brain development in mouse.

Results

The CTNNA3 compound heterozygous deletion includes a coding exon, leading to a putative frameshift and premature stop codon. Segregation analysis in the family showed that the unaffected sister is heterozygote for the deletion, having only inherited the paternal deletion. While the frequency of CTNNA3 exonic deletions is not significantly different between ASD cases and controls, no homozygous or compound heterozygous exonic deletions were found in a sample of over 6,000 controls. Expression analysis of Ctnna3 in the mouse cortex and hippocampus (P0-P90) provided support for its role in the early stage of brain development.

Conclusion

The finding of a rare compound heterozygous CTNNA3 exonic deletion segregating with ASD, the absence of CTNNA3 homozygous exonic deletions in controls and the high expression of Ctnna3 in both brain areas analysed implicate CTNNA3 in ASD susceptibility.     

P2X受体对豚鼠胃窦环行肌自发性收缩运动的影响

目的:探讨P2X受体激动剂α,β-methylene ATP (α,β-MeATP)对豚鼠胃窦环行肌运动的影响及其离子通道机制.方法:采用EWG/B豚鼠,制备去黏膜胃窦环行肌条(10×1.5 mm),并将其固定于恒温灌流槽内(37℃),用碳酸氢钠缓冲液连续灌流并通氧(950 mL/L O_2,50 mL/L CO_2).利用SMUP-E生物信号处理系统记录胃窦平滑肌自发性收缩活动,Ⅱ型胶原酶消化法分离豚鼠胃窦环行肌单细胞,传统全细胞膜片钳技术记录急性分离的胃窦平滑肌细胞膜电位和离子电流,包括钙激活钾电流、延迟整流型钾电流及电压依赖性钙电流.结果:嘌呤能P2X受体激动剂α,β-MeATP明显抑制豚鼠胃窦环行肌自发性收缩,并有明显的量效倚赖关系:5,10,20,40,100μmol/Lα,β-MeATP作用下,环行肌收缩幅度分别由对照组的100%下降到90%±2%.81%±4%,68%±4%,59%±7%和29%±4%(P<0.05).用神经阻断剂Tetrodotoxin (TTX)预处理后,α,β-MeATP对胃窦环行肌自发性收缩的抑制作用仍不受影响;在传统全细胞膜片钳电流钳模式下,500μmol/Lα,β-MeATP不影响细胞膜电位,也对两种外向钾电流,即延迟整流型钾电流和钙激活钾电流没有影响;不同浓度的α,β-MeATP对电压依赖性钙电流没有影响.结论:P2X受体激动剂抑制豚鼠胃窦环行肌自发性收缩,其作用机制不依赖内在神经,也不依赖细胞膜离子通道以及膜电位改变.     

两种常见缺失型α-地中海贫血快速检测技术的研究

目的：建立简便快速准确可推广使用的检测α－地中海贫血（α-Thal)右侧失型（－α^3.7)和左侧缺失型（－α^4.2)的聚合酶链反应（PCR）方法。方法：自行研究设计两组引物。优化PCR反应条件。PCR反应产物用1％琼脂糖凝胶电泳分离,溴化乙啶染色,UVP凝胶成像仪下观察记录电泳图谱。结果：运用引物A′、B′、C3进行PCR,出现1700bp扩增带表示－α^3.7,出现1900bp扩增带表示α－珠蛋白基因正常或为野生型。二条扩增带同时出现表示是－α^3.7缺失杂合子。无任何扩增带表示是是东南亚型缺失纯合子。运用引物G′、E、F′进行PCR,根据出现1580bp扩增带和1180bp扩增带可诊断为－α^4.2,还可区分杂合子与纯合子。结论：本研究设计的两组引物及优化的PCR条件,可以简便准确地检测出α－Thal标本中有无－α^4.2和－α^3.7。     

高通量酶免系统定量检测甲胎蛋白的临床应用评估

目的 对高通量酶免系统定量检测血清甲胎蛋白(alpha fetoprotein,AFP)进行临床应用评估.方法 收集肝癌、肝炎、肝硬化患者血清共184份,健康查体者血清200份.验证高通量酶免系统测定AFP的重复性和正确度,与电化学发光法(electrochemiluminescence immunoassay,ECLIA)结果进行比对,评价其临床应用价值.结果 高通量酶免系统测定4种浓度AFP的总变异系数(coefficient of variation,CV)分别为13.1％、13.7％、11.4％、10.3％,正确度能力比对试验(proficiency testing,PT)结果为100％,线性范围是(0.0 ～200.0)μg/L.高通量酶免系统和ECLIA检测结果呈直线相关(Y=1.14X+0.83,R2 =0.92),两方法检测标本的阳性率分别为67.39％和69.02％,差异无统计学意义(P =0.453).检测血清AFP诊断原发性肝癌的最佳临界值为195.7 μg/L.原发性肝癌与转移性肝癌患者的诊断界值为99.44μg/L,与肝炎肝硬化患者的诊断界值为379.15 μg/L.结论 高通量酶免系统测定血清AFP结果可靠、稳定,可用于筛查和诊断原发性肝癌.     

甲胎蛋白化学发光免疫定量检测试剂的研制与临床应用

目的研制肿瘤标志物甲胎蛋白化学发光免疫定量检测试剂并建立检测方法,进行初步的临床应用评价。,方法将甲胎蛋白单抗包被微孔板．以辣根过氧化物酶标记的甲胎蛋白抗体为二抗．结合鲁米诺化学发光底物系统．建立甲胎蛋白化学发光免疫定量检测方法。用甲胎蛋白检测试剂国家参考品分析所建立方法的准确性、灵敏度、稳定性和重复性等试剂性能．并与西门子公司的甲胎蛋白定量检测试剂同时检测临床血清样本350例,比较检测结果。结果所研制的试剂性能符合甲胎蛋白检测试剂国家参考品各项质量标准要求。批内变异系数4．1％。5.2％、批间变异系数4．7％;试剂盒置37℃考核3d,其稳定性良好。临床样本比对检测结果表明,两种方法相关性良好（相关系数r=0．9823,阴性符合率99．5％、阳性符合率98．7％,总符合率为99．1％,Kappa值为0．98,一致性强度为最强）。结论成功研制了快速、特异、敏感和稳定的甲胎蛋白化学发光免疫定量试剂并建立其检测方法适合临床检验推广应用。     

AFP和AFP异质体对405例原发性肝癌的诊断价值探讨

目的 探讨甲胎蛋白（AFP）和甲胎蛋白异质体（AFP Variants,AFP-V)对原发性肝癌（PHC）的诊断价值。方法 用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）和交叉免疫电泳、放射性自显影法分别检测AFP和小扁豆凝集素亲和性甲胎蛋白异质体（LCA－AFP－V）的血清含量。结果 405例PHC患者中，AFP阳性占75．8％，LCA－AFP－V阳性占54．3％；210例AFP低浓度阳性患者中，LCA－AFP－V阳性125例，而97例AFP高浓度阳性患者，有95例伴有异质体的升高；98例AFP阴性患者中，35例LCA－AFP－V阳性；223例非PHC中AFP阳性占42．2％，LCA－AFP－V阳性占25．6％。结论 单独应用AFP或AFP－V均有一定的局限性，两者联合使用将有助于提高原发性肝癌的检出率。     

血清磷脂酰肌醇蛋白聚糖3联合AFP—L3％诊断原发性肝癌价值

目的探讨血清磷脂酰肌醇蛋白聚糖3（Glypican3,GPC3）联合甲胎蛋白异质体（alpha{etoproteinvariants,AFP-L3）占甲胎蛋白（alphafetoprotein,AFP）的百分比（AFP—L3％）在原发性肝癌诊断中的价值。方法原发性肝癌患者43例为肝癌组,慢性肝炎患者43例为肝炎组,肝硬化患者43例为肝硬化组,体检健康者43例为对照组,分别采用ELISA法和亲和吸附法检测4组GPC3和AFP—L3水平,计算AFP—L3％,并比较分析。结果血清GPC3和AFP—L3％从高到低依次为肝癌组（（10．94士0．58）μg／L和（15．85±2．74）％）、肝硬化组（（5．56±0．49）μg／L和（10．72±2．65）％）、肝炎组（（2．73±0．46）μg／L和（9．57土2．59）％）、对照组（（1．15±0．42）μg／L和（9．08±2．55）％）,肝炎组与对照组AFP-L3％比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,其他各组间上述指标比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;与组织病理结果进行对照,AFP—L3％联合GPC3诊断原发性肝癌的符合率（81．40％）明显高于二者单独检测（48．84％、25．58％）（P〈0．01）。结论血清GPC3与AFP-L3％联合检测可提高原发性肝癌早期诊断准确率。