中心静脉血氧饱和度监测在老年人急性左心衰病情评估中的应用研究

目的：探讨中心静脉血氧饱和度（ ScvO2）检测在老年人急性左心衰临床应用中是否可替代混合静脉血氧饱和度（ SvO2）监测。方法对42例老年急性左心衰患者进行监测,分析治疗前以及治疗后1 h、2 h、4 h的ScvO2、SvO2指标的参数变化情况,根据不同的预后结果对相关监测参数进行统计分析。结果无论患者是生存或是死亡,ScvO2与SvO2两者所代表的趋势是相同的。治疗前检测的ScvO2与SvO2差异无统计学意义（t＝0．867,P＞0．05）,治疗后4 h两者的变化趋势也有一致性,差异无统计学意义（t＝0．681,P＞0．05）。两者的相关系数r＝0．998,且为线性关系,证实两者监测具有相同的临床应用意义。结论综合考虑患者的创伤、并发症、费用等因素,可操作性更强的ScvO2可以用来替代SvO2对老年急性左心衰患者进行临床监测。     

1H-MRS检测正常中老年人纹状体和黑质代谢功能

目的探讨中老年人纹状体和黑质1 H-MRS各参数值正常参考范围。方法纳入健康中老年志愿者32名,采用单体素PRESS序列对纹状体、多体素PRESS序列对黑质进行1 H-MRS扫描,分析N-乙酰天门冬氨酸(NAA)、胆碱(Cho)和肌酸(Cr)含量及各参数比值。结果左右侧纹状体和黑质NAA/Cr、Cho/Cr、NAA/Cho、NAA/(Cho+Cr)差异均无统计学意义(P均0.05)。综合两侧结果,纹状体NAA/Cr、Cho/Cr、NAA/Cho、NAA/(Cho+Cr)均值及95%CI分别为1.39(1.33~1.45)、0.90(0.86~0.94)、1.58(1.50~1.66)、0.73(0.70~0.76);黑质上述比值均值及95%CI分别为2.36(1.85~2.87)、1.38(1.12~1.65)、1.70(1.59~1.81)、0.93(0.86~1.00);纹状体及黑质中NAA/(Cho+Cr)比值均最稳定。结论正常中老年人黑质和纹状体1 H-MRS各参数中,NAA/(Cho+Cr)比值最稳定,可为研究累及黑质和纹状体区域的疾病提供正常参照。     

牵引结合中药内服治疗高龄粉碎性股骨转子间骨折的临床效果

目的：探讨牵引结合中药内服治疗高龄粉碎性股骨转子间骨折的临床疗效。方法选取我院2012年4月—2014年4月收治的48例高龄粉碎性股骨转子间骨折患者,给予牵引与中药内服联合治疗,观察患者的临床效果及并发症发生情况。结果随访6~10个月,48例患者中优23例（47.9％）,良17例（35.4％）,可6例（12.5％）,差2例（4.2％）,优良率为83.3％（40/48）。在随访过程中,有4例（8.3％）患者发生并发症。结论高龄粉碎性股骨转子间骨折患者采用牵引联合中药内服治疗的疗效显著,且并发症发生率低。     

The effectiveness of a twice‐daily skin‐moisturising regimen for reducing the incidence of skin tears

A cluster randomised controlled trial was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of a twice‐daily moisturising regimen as compared to ‘usual’ skin care for reducing skin tear incidence. Aged care residents from 14 Western Australian facilities (980 beds) were invited to participate. The facilities were sorted into pairs and matched in terms of bed numbers and whether they provided high or low care. One facility from each matched pair was randomised to the intervention group. Consenting residents in an intervention facility received a twice‐daily application of a commercially available, standardised pH neutral, perfume‐free moisturiser on their extremities. Residents in the control facilities received ad hoc or no standardised skin‐moisturising regimen. Participant numbers were sufficient to detect a 5% difference in incidence rate between the two groups with 80% power and a significance level of P = 0·05, and the inter‐cluster correlation coefficient was 0·034. Data were collected over 6 months. A total of 1396 skin tears on 424 residents were recorded during the study. In the intervention group, the average monthly incidence rate was 5·76 per 1000 occupied bed days as compared to 10·57 in the control group. The application of moisturiser twice daily reduced the incidence of skin tears by almost 50% in residents living in aged care facilities.     

Braden量表诊断老年人压力性损伤的适用性和最佳界值的多中心研究

目的 探讨Braden量表诊断老年人压力性损伤的适用性和最佳界值,为临床正确使用Braden量表提供依据。方法 招募全国52所医疗机构,1 067名培训合格的护士每2～3人一组,采用目的 抽样法纳入60岁以上住院患者,检查其全身皮肤并收集相关资料,判断是否存在压力性损伤及其分期,同时采用Braden量表预测评分。使用统计软件分析老年人压力性损伤流行特征和Braden量表预测诊断压力性损伤受试者工作特征曲线下面积（area under the curve,AUC）、灵敏度、特异度和约登指数。结果 在33 769例有效资料中,压力性损伤总现患率为3.12%(1 054/33 769),其中医院获得性压力性损伤发生率为0.79%(267//33 769)。分层分析显示,Braden量表预测诊断不同年龄、性别、种族和不同医疗机构中老年患者压力性损伤的AUC为0.85～0.96,灵敏度和特异度分别为0.83～0.96和0.71～0.86。总分≤15、≤16、≤17、≤18、≤19、≤20分6个界值的AUC为0.67～0.82,灵敏度和特异度分别为0.67～0.84和0.54～0.68,约登指数为...     

Factors influencing acceptance of technology for aging in place: A systematic review

PurposeTo provide an overview of factors influencing the acceptance of electronic technologies that support aging in place by community-dwelling older adults. Since technology acceptance factors fluctuate over time, a distinction was made between factors in the pre-implementation stage and factors in the post-implementation stage.MethodsA systematic review of mixed studies. Seven major scientific databases (including MEDLINE, Scopus and CINAHL) were searched. Inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) original and peer-reviewed research, (2) qualitative, quantitative or mixed methods research, (3) research in which participants are community-dwelling older adults aged 60 years or older, and (4) research aimed at investigating factors that influence the intention to use or the actual use of electronic technology for aging in place. Three researchers each read the articles and extracted factors.ResultsSixteen out of 2841 articles were included. Most articles investigated acceptance of technology that enhances safety or provides social interaction. The majority of data was based on qualitative research investigating factors in the pre-implementation stage. Acceptance in this stage is influenced by 27 factors, divided into six themes: concerns regarding technology (e.g., high cost, privacy implications and usability factors); expected benefits of technology (e.g., increased safety and perceived usefulness); need for technology (e.g., perceived need and subjective health status); alternatives to technology (e.g., help by family or spouse), social influence (e.g., influence of family, friends and professional caregivers); and characteristics of older adults (e.g., desire to age in place). When comparing these results to qualitative results on post-implementation acceptance, our analysis showed that some factors are persistent while new factors also emerge. Quantitative results showed that a small number of variables have a significant influence in the pre-implementation stage. Fourteen out of the sixteen included articles did not use an existing technology acceptance framework or model.ConclusionsAcceptance of technology in the pre-implementation stage is influenced by multiple factors. However, post-implementation research on technology acceptance by community-dwelling older adults is scarce and most of the factors in this review have not been tested by using quantitative methods. Further research is needed to determine if and how the factors in this review are interrelated, and how they relate to existing models of technology acceptance.