人大肠癌细胞体外常温及温热环境中药物敏感性试验

用ＭＴＴ比色法对２０例大肠癌患者术后标本在常温及温热环境中进行体外药物敏感性试验，结果显示，某些药物在温热环境中，对癌细胞的杀伤作用有显著提高，此项试验为临床温热化疗法提供了理论依据。     

1999～2001年全国治疗药物监测室间质评结果

目的:通过开展室间质量评价活动提高临床实验室的检验结果质量。方法:每年向参加治疗药物监测(TDM)室间质量评价活动的单位发放质控品10个批号,测定项目包括茶碱、地高辛、苯妥英、苯巴比妥、卡马西平和环孢菌素A,实验室用常规方法测定并回报测定结果,经计算机软件对全部结果进行统计分析。结果:2001年参加TDM室间质评的实验室数为48家,测定结果的平均及格率分别为茶碱94.2％、地高辛82.6％、苯妥英83.8％、苯巴比妥88.4％、卡马西平94.2和环孢菌素A92.4％。1999～2001年全国TDM室间质评的年平均及格率分别为78.7％、84.7％和89.3％。不同测定方法的精密度分别为茶碱4.4％～14.2％、地高辛11.5％～21.9％、苯妥英8.5％～29.5％、苯巴比妥8.2％～13.9％、卡马西平10.8％～12.6％和环孢菌素A15.5％～16.6％。结论:多数参加TDM室间质评实验室的测定结果有较好的一致性,及格率逐年上升,但参加TDM室间质评的实验室数占开展TDM的实验室总数的比例较低,在不同的测定方法间还存在较大的差异。     

Frequency of adverse reactions to radiopharmaceuticals in Europe

A prospective survey was performed in 17 nuclear medicine departments during 1996 in an attempt to provide reliable data on the prevalence of adverse reactions to radiopharmaceuticals. All adverse events following radiopharmaceutical administration were recorded, irrespective of the severity or likelihood of causality, and subsequently analysed using an algorithm developed by Silberstein et al., designed to establish a cause-effect relationship. A prevalence of 11 events per 105 administrations was obtained (95% confidence limits 3.3–19.2). No serious of life-threatening events were reported. This rate is slightly higher than that obtained in a larger scale study in the United States (2.3 events per 105 administrations, 95% confidence limits 1.2–3.4). The difference may be due to the decision to include or exclude vasovagal events from the analysis, the way in which the algorithm was used and the comparative size and time scale of the two studies. The prevalence of adverse reactions is approximately 1000-fold than less that occurring with iodinated contrast media and drugs.     

中药饮片加工炮炙在临床中的意义

本文简述了中药炮炙的根据、原理、方法以及各种不同辅料和炮炙方法对饮片药性与作用的影响。说明不同的炮炙方法可以直接影响和改变中药的药性和作用,影响到临床疗效,因此,必须重视中药饮片的炮炙工作。以确保临床安全有效的用药。     

Comparative study of TRUE Test and Finn Chamber patch test techniques in Singapore

This is a report on a comparative study of the reactivity of TRUE Test and Finn Chamber patch test techniques. 413 patients attending a contact dermatitis clinic in Singapore were simultaneously patch tested with panels 1 and 2 of the TRUE Test standard series and with corresponding allergens (Hermal, Hamburg) using Finn Chambers. The left/right application of the TRUE Test and Finn Chambers was randomized. The concordance of positive patch test reactions to the 2 test techniques was studied. The number of patient with positive reactions was 38% and 42% for TRUE Test and Finn Chamber techniques, respectively (n.s.). The overall concordance of positive patch test reactions was 64% (209/328). 13% (42/328) of positive reactions appeared on TRUE Test only and 24% (77/328) on Finn Chamber only. When only relevant positive reactions were considered, the concordance rate was 67%; 11.6% of positive reactions appeared on TRUE Test only and 21% on Finn Chamber only. Positive reactions to p-phenylenediamine (PPD) and neomycin were more frequent with the Finn Chamber technique than with TRUE Test, i.e., false negative reactions to PPD and neomycin were more likely to occur with TRUE Test. It appeared that the TRUE Test and Finn Chamber techniques were comparable when used for patch testing. However false negative and false positive patch test reactions can occur when using either technique.     

Correlation between Cyclin A Gene Expression in Adult Patients with Acute Leukemia and Drug Resistance

Adultacuteleukemia (AL)isoneofthemostcommonmalignanttumorsofhematology .Withtherecentprogressinchemotherapyandsupportivether apy ,theremissionandsurvivalrateinALhavebeenmarkedlyimproved .However ,drugresistanceandrelapsearestillimportantfactorsaffectinglongsur vivalofthese patients .Theabnormalregulationofcellcycleisanotherfactorthatcannotbeignoredex ceptformultipledrugresistance (MDR) .WedetectcyclinA ,multidrugresistantgene (mdrl) ,topoiso meraseⅡα(TopⅡα)andbcl 2inadultpatientswithA…     

Immunological and respiratory reactions in workers exposed to organic dusts

The relationship of skin reactivity and serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels to the prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms and to ventilatory capacity is examined in workers exposed to different organic aerosols. The results from group of control workers similarly tested are also presented. Workers exposed to occupational allergens had positive skin tests more frequently than did controls, except for soy bean workers. Workers with positive skin tests to occupational allergens had a higher prevalence of almost all symptoms than those with negative skin tests although the differences did not always reach statistical significance. Workers with positive skin reactions in general had significantly higher serum IgE levels than did workers with negative skin reactions. There were across-shift reductions of ventilatory capacity in all groups of exposed workers, varying for forced vital capacity from 1.7% to 13.3%, for forced expiratory volume from 0.4%–21.9%, for maximum flow rates at 50% from 1.5% to 16.1% and for maximum flow rates at the last 25% of control vital capacity from 0% to 24.9%. There was, however, no correlation between acute and chronic lung function changes and skin reactivity or IgE values. Our data suggest that although exposure to organic aerosols may be associated with frequent immunologic reactions, these findings do not predict objective respiratory impairment.The research was supported in part by grant no. JBP 733 from the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md., USA, and by grant no. RO1 OHO-2593-04 from the National Institutes of Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Ga., USA     

Antisocial personality disorder, HIV risk behavior and retention in methadone maintenance therapy

In a sample of 55 consecutive methadone maintenance admissions to our clinic, 42% were diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) using the National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule NIMH DIS. Individuals with ASPD exhibited greater risk for HIV infection as defined by more sexual contacts, needle use and equipment sharing. Data at 1 year follow-up were obtained on this group of patients. The objective was to compare the ASPD and non-ASPD groups with regards to demographics, drug abuse history, outcome and retention in treatment. There were no significant differences between the groups on any demographic or treatment outcome variables. Survival analysis indicated that there were no group differences in treatment retention. In conclusion, although there were no differences in treatment outcome between ASPD and non-ASPD groups it is possible that ASPD patients who drop out of treatment will be at higher risk for contracting and spreading HIV within the IV drug using population. These data also suggest that in this population the diagnosis of ASPD using primarily behavioral traits as measured in the NIMH-DIS-III, has little utility in predicting treatment outcome.