淋球菌外膜蛋白Porin I多抗的黏附抑制作用研究

目的:研究兔抗淋球菌外膜蛋白Porin I(P I)的多克隆抗体阻断淋病奈瑟菌对泌尿生殖道上皮的黏附作用。方法:将自行构建表达的淋球菌GST-P I融合蛋白作为抗原免疫新西兰兔,获得兔抗P I蛋白的多抗血清,纯化后得到P I-IgG抗体。建立淋球菌感染BALB/c小鼠模型,并通过观察阴道黏膜改变、分泌物涂片、冲洗液培养及阴道组织病理变化评价兔抗P I-IgG抗体对淋球菌黏附的影响。结果:经1 m g/m l兔抗P I-IgG处理后3 h再接种淋球菌的BALB/c小鼠生殖道黏膜未见红肿及脓液,分泌物涂片及阴道冲洗液未检及淋球菌,阴道组织病理检查也未见炎症细胞浸润。而低于浓度1 m g/m l及长于3 h兔抗P I-IgG处理的小鼠阴道组织病理可检及炎症细胞,但其它检查结果阴性。结论:纯化的抗淋球菌GST-P I融合蛋白的多克隆抗体,能有效抑制淋病奈瑟菌对小鼠泌尿生殖道上皮的黏附与感染,阻断作用及持续时间与抗体浓度有关。     

致肾盂肾炎大肠埃希菌对细胞的粘附及侵袭

目的:研究致肾盂肾炎大肠埃希菌(UPEC)132对细胞的粘附和侵袭能力。方法:对比致病菌株UPEC132及无菌毛代表菌株E.coli K-12 p678-54对Vero、Ketr-3及EJ细胞的粘附率、粘附指数和侵袭指数。结果:E.coli K-12p678-54对此3种细胞无粘附无侵袭,而UPEC132对其有明显作用,可致细胞形态明显改变直至死亡。UPEC132对Vero、Ketr-3及EJ细胞的粘附率分别为(61.44±3.21)%、(55.22±4.09)%和(58.67±5.12)%,差别无统计学意义;对3种细胞的粘附指数分别为1.44±0.06、1.74±0.09和2.27±0.18,有显著性差异(P<0.05)。UPEC132对EJ和Ketr-3细胞的侵袭指数分别为(3.25±0.20)×10-3和(3.00±0.34)×10-3,两者之间无统计学差异,但均高于对Vero细胞的侵袭指数[(2.61±0.32)×10-3,P<0.05]。结论:UPEC132对Vero、Ketr-3、EJ细胞均有粘附和侵袭能力,其中对EJ细胞的粘附能力最强,侵袭力也较Vero细胞强,可利用该细胞深入研究UPEC132的毒力及致病机制。     

吸毒感染艾滋病患者高效抗逆转录病毒治疗依从性及相关因素研究

目的 探讨吸毒感染艾滋病患者高效抗逆转录病毒治疗(HAART)依从性及相关因素.方法 在2007年7～9月抽取湖南省衡阳、岳阳、郴州3个地区HAART治疗点,对接受国家免费HAART疗法的111名吸毒感染艾滋病患者进行调查,采用美国社区艾滋病临床研究抗逆转录病毒用药自陈式问卷(CPCRA),来评估抗病毒治疗服药依从性,并分别用抑郁自评量表、家庭关怀度指数问卷来评估患者抑郁症状和家庭功能状况.结果 本组患者服药平均依从水平为83%,有30人(28.8%)服药量在90%或以下,达不到服药量的要求,属于服药依从性差.抑郁标准评分为(60.81±13.03)分,有抑郁症状者占83.9%,而家庭功能良好者仅占30.6%.非条件Logistic回归分析显示抑郁程度(β=-0.48,P=0.024)和治疗时间(β=-1.11,P=0.036)对服药依从率有负性影响,而家庭功能(β=0.65,P=0.043)、脱毒时间(β=0.55,P=0.040)对服药依从率有正性的影响.结论 吸毒感染艾滋病患者HAART治疗依从水平偏低,应通过综合干预如治疗抑郁、帮助脱毒、提高家庭功能、定期评价依从性等来提高患者的服药依从性.     

Adherence, Internalization, and Persistence of Helicobacter pylori in Hepatocytes

Although Helicobacter pylori have been identified in the liver, the role of Helicobacter sp. in human liver diseases remains unclear. This study explored whether H. pylori were internalized and could persist in hepatocytes. The majority of an inoculum of H. pylori (1 x 10(7) colony forming units) adhered to hepatocytes. Using the gentamicin invasion assay we found that approximately 2% were internalized and persisted following passage for more than 2 months. Electron microscopy confirmed the presence of intracellular Helicobacter. The number of adherent or internalized H. pylori was significantly greater with hepatocytes than with gastric epithelial cells (P < 0.05) and was also dependent on cag pathogenicity island (PAI), VacA, OipA, or BabA status. Transmission electron microscopy was used to confirm adherence and invasion of H. pylori into hepatocytes. Internalization of H. pylori was inhibited by antibodies to beta1-integrin receptors, genistein, and cytochalasin D (P < 0.05) consistent with beta1-integrin acting as a surface receptor with additional requirements for tyrosine kinase phosphorylation and actin polymerization. In summary, H. pylori both adhered to and invaded into hepatocytes in vitro, depending on the virulent factors, and persisted within hepatocytes during subcultures. beta1-integrin is likely a receptor involved in internalization of H. pylori into hepatocytes.     

Optimizing insulin pump therapy: the potential advantages of using a structured diabetes management program

Use of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) therapy improves glycemic control, reduces hypoglycemia and increases treatment satisfaction in individuals with diabetes. As a number of patient- and clinician-related factors can hinder the effectiveness and optimal usage of CSII therapy, new approaches are needed to address these obstacles.

Ceriello and colleagues recently proposed a model of care that incorporates the collaborative use of structured SMBG into a formal approach to personalized diabetes management within all diabetes populations. We adapted this model for use in CSII-treated patients in order to enable the implementation of a workflow structure that enhances patient–physician communication and supports patients’ diabetes self-management skills.

We recognize that time constraints and current reimbursement policies pose significant challenges to healthcare providers integrating the Personalised Diabetes Management (PDM) process into clinical practice. We believe, however, that the time invested in modifying practice workflow and learning to apply the various steps of the PDM process will be offset by improved workflow and more effective patient consultations. This article describes how to implement PDM into clinical practice as a systematic, standardized process that can optimize CSII therapy.     

Effect of Port Composition on Tumor Cell Adherence

INTRODUCTION: We have reported previously on an in vitro model to examine tumor cell adherence to metal and plastic laparoscopic ports and to port sites through which they had been passed. This demonstrated that increased numbers of tumor cells were found both on metal ports compared with plastic ports and on the port sites through which metal ports had passed. In this study, the in vivo adherence of such cells to ports and port sites was investigated. METHODS: LIM 1215 tumor cells were injected under direct vision into the pelvises of 16 30-kg female pigs (range, 15–70 × 106 cells). A total of 12 ports were inserted through each anterior abdominal wall (6 metal and 6 plastic), and these were either left in situ for 30 minutes (nondisplaced) or were removed twice and replaced through the original wound (displaced). RESULTS: Increasing the tumor cell inoculum resulted in increased deposition of tumor cells on both ports (P = 0.002) and on the port sites (P = 0.017). Significantly more tumor cells adhered to metal ports than to plastic ports (P = 0.04), although this failed to reach significance for the sites through which metal ports had been passed (P = 0.066). Although displacement of ports did not increase the number of tumor cells that adhered to ports (P = 0.45), this did result in more tumor cells being deposited on the port sites (P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that minimizing the number of tumor cells within the abdominal cavity, using plastic ports, and securing ports to prevent inadvertent displacement would be expected to reduce the number of tumor cells deposited in port sites during operative laparoscopy. This may be beneficial in reducing the incidence of port-site metastases after laparoscopic surgery for gastrointestinal malignancies.     

乳腺癌相关淋巴水肿患者自我护理的研究进展

乳腺癌相关淋巴水肿患者自我护理是实现成功治疗的关键,但自我护理过程长且受多种因素的影响。该文介绍了乳腺癌相关淋巴水肿患者自我护理依从性的研究现状,分析了影响乳腺癌相关淋巴水肿患者自我护理依从性的因素,旨在为后续的研究提供参考。     

Understanding HIV-Related Pill Aversion as a Distinct Barrier to Medication Adherence

Abstract

Pill aversion, defined as difficulty swallowing pills without identifiable medical cause, is a poorly characterized barrier to sustained viral suppression for many HIV-infected persons. We aimed to quantify the frequency of self-reported pill aversion, characterize its symptoms, and measure the association between self-reported pill aversion and missing antiretroviral doses. This is a prospective, observational, exploratory survey study of English-speaking persons living with HIV (PLHIV) at a single urban tertiary outpatient clinic. Participants completed anonymous questionnaires about their experiences of swallowing antiretroviral pills. The primary outcome was skipping pills due to pill aversion symptoms. Of 384 participants, a quarter (25.5%) skipped pills due to pill aversion symptoms. Younger age, being Non-Hispanic Black or Hispanic, not being married or partnered, having public insurance, not being employed, having less than a college education, and having a mental health diagnosis were associated with skipping pills due to pill aversion. On multivariable regression analyses, PLHIV who skipped pills were more likely to report symptoms of gagging, nausea at the time of swallowing, and heavy feeling in the stomach, as well as being bothered by the taste, smell, and size of the pills. PLHIV who skipped pills were also more likely to report negative and fear-based emotions about pill-taking than PLHIV who did not skip pills due to pill aversion. HIV-related pill aversion may represent a significant and frequent barrier to adherence in an adult HIV population.     

1 + 1 = 3? The systematic development of a theoretical and evidence-based tailored multimedia intervention to improve medication adherence

Objective

To describe the development of a theoretical and evidence-based tailored multimedia intervention to improve medication intake behavior in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The intervention integrates interpersonal and technology-mediated strategies with the expectation that this will work synergistically.

Methods

The development followed the Medical Research Council's framework. Three literature reviews and three pre-tests among 84 IBD patients and eight nurses were conducted to guide the development of the intervention. A feasibility study was carried out among four nurses and 29 patients.

Results

The components include: (1) an online preparatory assessment (OPA); (2) tailored interpersonal communication; and (3) tailored text messaging. To support the development, the feasibility was tested. Results indicated that the OPA was comprehensive and could be a helpful tool for both patients and nurses to prepare for the consultation. The training was evaluated as being instructive and applicable with a mean mark of 8.5. Of the developed messages, 65.6% received positive evaluations and were used in the intervention.

Conclusion

By applying the framework, we were able to describe the logic behind the development of a tailored multimedia intervention to improve medication intake behavior.

Practice implications

This study could serve as a guide for the development of other health interventions.