Impaired renal function due to raised intraabdominal pressure

A 19-year-old male developed renal failure after a laparotomy for liver trauma (urinary output of 30 ml/h, plasma creatinine 220 mol/l). Surgical decompression of the abdomen was performed without any attempt at correcting the underlying pathology. This reduced the intraabdominal pressure (IAP) from 40 to 24 cm H₂O and resulted in a massive diuresis (530 ml/h). Twenty-four hours later the plasma creatinine peaked at 280 mol/l and then returned to within the normal range. This case report confirms that there is a direct relationship between IAP and renal function.     

From hysterical psychosis to Reactive Dissociative Psychosis

In this paper Reactive Dissociative Psychosis (RDP) is seen as a post-traumatic stress response and as a subcategory of Brief Reactive Psychosis (BRP). A review of the literature and the evolution of RDP from Hysteria and Hysterical Psychosis are given. Issue is taken with defining the duration of BRP as Brief. The authors argue that long-standing psychotic symptoms may be traumatically induced. The dissociative aspects of RDP as its key feature and the concomitant implications for accurate diagnosis are proposed. The usefulness of applying hypnosis in RDP treatment is summarized in a case study from Janet and detailed in a case from the authors' practice.This article was accepted for publication under the Editorship of Charles Charles R. Figley.     

Airway occlusion pressure (P0.1) — A useful predictor for the weaning outcome in patients with acute respiratory failure —

Twenty-five patients who required mechanical ventilatory support (MVS) after major surgery or severe burns were studied to determine whether airway occlusion pressure (P_0.1) is a clinically useful indicator to predict the success or failure of the weaning trial. A total of 33 weaning trials were attempted on these patients. Of the 33 trials, 24 were followed by successful weaning and 9 by failure. Although the success group, when compared with the failure group, had a lower respiratory rate (P 0.001), a lower minute ventilation (P 0.001), a higher maximal voluntary ventilation to minute ventilation ratio (P 0.01) and a higher forced vital capacity (P 0.05), no threshold values separated the success from the failure group. The alveolar-arterial P_{O 2} gradient, with an Fi _{O 2} of 1.0, in weaning success and failure showed no statistical difference. In contrast, all patients in the success group had a P_0.1 of less than 3.5cmH₂O and those in the failure group had a P_0.1 of greater than 3.5cmH₂O (P 0.001). We conclude that P_0.1 is a clinically superior indicator for discontinuing MVS in patients with acute respiratory failure.(Okamoto K, Sato T, Morioka T: Airway occlusion pressure (P_0.1)—A useful predictor for the weaning outcome in patients with acute respiratory failure—. J Anesth 4: 95–101, 1990)     

Evaluation of conventional weaning criteria in patients with acute respiratory failure

We evaluated the reliability of conventional weaning criteria from a ventilator during 33 weaning trials on 25 patients with acute respiratory failure (ARF). Of 13 criteria, a ratio of maximal voluntary ventilation to minute ventilation (MV) 2, a vital capacity 12ml·kg^–1, a spontaneous respiratory rate 25 breaths·min^–1, and a MV 10l·min^–1 appeared to be useful for predicting successful weaning outcome. However, even using those criteria, there were many falsely-negative cases. The alveolar-arterial P_{O 2} gradient 350mmHg at an Fi _{O 2} 1.0 was not useful as a predictor of weaning outcome. The present study demonstrates that conventional criteria are frequently inaccurate for predicting weaning outcomes and suggests that the use of some of these criteria may unnecessarily prolong the length of ventilator support. Since ventilation of most patients with poor oxygenation can be successfully discontinued by placing them on a continuous positive airway pressure system, these results suggest that the improvement of oxygenation is not an indispensable prerequisite for weaning from mechanical ventilators.(Okamoto K, Iwamasa H, Dogomori H, et al.: Evaluation of conventional weaning criteria in patients with acute respiratory failure. J Anesth 4: 213–218, 1990)     

Renal failure in haemorrhagic shock in dogs: Salutary effects of the calcium entry blocker felodipine

Summary The efficacy of felodipine, a dihydropyridine calcium entry blocker to restore renal function was investigated in Wiggers model of haemorrhagic shock. Mongrel dogs were anaesthetized with sodium pentobarbital and subjected to haemorrhagic shock by allowing the animals to bleed into a reservoir. After maintaining the hypotensive state (mean blood pressure 40–45 mm Hg) for a period of 150 min, the blood was reinfused and the recovery of the various parameters were monitored for an additional 120 min. These studies were conducted in three different groups of dogs: (A) Solvent control, (B) Felodipine 0.01 mol/kg i. v., administered 10 min prior to reinfusion of the blood, and (C) Felodipine 0.01 mol/kg i. v., administered prior to haemorrhage. In all the three groups arterial blood pressure returned to similar basal levels following reinfusion. Felodipine administration prior to haemorrhage or before reinfusion (Group B and C) resulted in a 80–95% recovery in the renal blood flow, 60–65% in the glomerular filtration rate, 15–300% in the urine volume and 80–100% in the urinary sodium and potassium excretions. In the vehicle-treated control group, despite a 45% recovery in the renal blood flow, renal function was not restored following reinfusion.The observations made in these studies suggest that felodipine, an arteriolar dilator which also possesses natriuretic properties, could be clinically useful in the treatment of renal failure in haemorrhagic shock. Prevention of cellular calcium overload during ischaemia and reperfusion by this dihydropyridine derivative, may account for its ability to preserve vascular as well as tubular function. Send offprint requests to B. S. Jandhyala at the above address     

实验性急性胰腺炎大鼠胰岛微血管的电镜观察

目的 :了解实验性急性胰腺炎大鼠早期胰岛微血管的超微结构变化 ,并探讨其与急性胰腺炎的关系。方法 :采用皮下注射超大剂量雨蛙素诱发大鼠急性水肿性胰腺炎 ,用扫描电镜和透射电镜观察急性胰腺炎早期胰岛微血管的形态和变化。结果 :①在透射电镜下 ,胰岛毛细血管内皮细胞肿胀 ,管腔狭窄、不规则 ,内皮细胞“窗孔”数量增加。②在扫描电镜下 ,胰岛毛细血管外形不规则 ,与外分泌部毛细血管之间的吻合明显减少 ;毛细血管表面可见铸型剂形成的泡状物。结论 :急性胰腺炎早期即有胰岛微血管损伤的表现 ,推测其与胰腺炎的进展密切相关。     

鲜中药治疗急性白血病76例

目的 中药治疗急性白血病可以提高其疗效及患的生活质量。方法 针对急性白血病阴液亏虚、热毒炽盛的主要病机,选用大剂量甘寒养阴鲜中药为主组方,随证加减,辨证论治。结果 鲜中药治疗难治性白血病76例,完全缓解37例（48.7%),部分缓解14例（18.4%),未缓解25例（32．9％）,总缓解率达67．1％,获缓解的病例中,服药时间最短30天,最长180天,平均60．7天。结论 养阴清热鲜中药为主治疗急性白血病,辨证与辨病相结合。可提高缓解率,延长存活期,减轻化疗毒副作用,提高生活质量。     

急诊冠状动脉内支架植入治疗急性心肌梗死——围术期死亡和近期预后的研究

为评价急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者急诊经皮冠状动脉腔内成形(PTCA)和冠状动脉内支架植入围术期死亡和近期预后的影响因素,通过对74例行急诊冠状动脉内支架植入的AMI,术后6个月内的临床随访和冠状动脉造影随访,进行多因素相关回归分析。结果表明,多支病变患者的糖尿病、高血压和高血脂的合并比例明显高于单支病变患者;总围术期内死亡率为5.4％,剔除合并心源性休克患者后,死亡率为1.4％;12例75岁以上的患者中,2例死于心源性休克,1例死于心脏破裂,5例心源性休克患者死亡3例;术中非致命性合并症的发生率在单支和多支病变组之间差异无显著性(P>0.05);多元回归分析表明血流动力学状态和患者的年龄是决定AMI患者围术期死亡的独立相关因素;多支病变患者术后6个月内心脏事件发生率明显高于单支病变组;术前和术后6个月内的患者左心室射血分数(LVEF)明显改善;而且单支和多支病变组之间术后6个月时的LVEF之间无显著性差异。     

血清Troponin I, CK-MBmass, Myoglobin在急性心肌梗塞诊断中的应用评价

为了解CTnI,CK-MBmass 和Mb指标对急性心肌梗塞(AMI)早期诊断、后期监测及预后判断的临床意义,采用微粒子化学发光法,对20例AMI患者、24例不稳定心绞痛(UA)患者、17例骨骼肌损伤(SM)患者和19例健康者(对照组)进行血清CTnI,CK-MBmass 和Mb的测定,并对AMI患者胸痛发生3～5小时,8～14小时,20～24小时,72小时和7天共五个时段进行了测定.结果:AMI患者发病早期CTnI,CK-MBmass 和Mb的阳性检出率分别为65%,70%,70%,CTnI在UA患者组和SM患者组中未检出.CTnI,CK-MBmass 和Mb测定值含量在AMI组中明显高于UA组和SM组,AMI患者组CTnI分别是UA组和SM组的84倍和91.63倍,CK-Mbmass分别是该二组的8.82倍和4.67倍, Mb分别是该二组的11.57倍和2.25倍,AMI组与UA组和SM组比较,有显著性差异(P＜0.001).AMI患者组中该三项指标的动态测定显示,在疾病发生早期(3～5小时)时,CTnI,CK-MBmass 和Mb都有显著性升高,随时间延长而逐渐升高,高峰值期均在8～14小时段,72 小时时Mb已基本回到正常.7天时血清中仍有CTnI的持续存在,但CK-MBmass已接近正常.以上显示,CTnI ,CK-MBmass 和Mb在早期诊断AMI时,都具有较高的敏感性,CTnI在AMI患者中的阳性检出率具有心肌特异性.CK-MBmass 和Mb在诊断心肌损伤时也具有较高的临床价值.但CTnI具有最长的窗口时间,在选择用于AMI的后期监护和愈后判断指标时,CTnI应是最佳的首选指标.     

扑热息痛所致狗急性肝功能衰竭时血浆5-羟色胺变化及肝脏血流动力学改变的实验研究

目的;通过扑热息痛所致急性肝功能衰竭的动物模型,以期探讨门静脉,肝静脉,腹主动脉,下腔静脉血浆５－羟色胺浓度变化和肝脏血流动力学改变。方法：成年杂种狗１２只,在戊巴比妥钠静脉麻醉下,作上腹正中切口,从门静脉,肝静脉,腹主动脉,下腔静脉各采血２ｍｌ,作血浆５－羟色胺含量检测,作楔形肝组织活检,关腹。