腭咽闭合不全患者异常声学特点的分析研究

目的:应用VS99-CSL计算机语音声学频谱分析评估系统对病理性语音中的部分元音、辅音音频语图特点进一步分析研究,给予先天性腭咽闭合不全的诊断与治疗提供理论及临床支持。方法:采集单纯性先天腭咽闭合不全患者22例。评估咽成形术后及腭裂术后26例,上述患者针对咽腔情况视诊、blowing test测验及雾镜实验测试综合分析,对较难判断的病例可结合CT进行诊断,单元音:[a、o、e、i、ü]辅音;擦音[s、x]、塞擦[z、j、c、q]实施语音评估对其单元音共振峰和额外共振峰及辅音和元音节的频谱特点进行分析、同时比较各组空白间隙、冲直条、噪音乱纹的出现率,并设定正常对照组。结果:比较发现[a]的共振峰普遍残缺,而[iü]会出现额外附加共振峰,其共振峰均值F1咽成形术后较高,先天性腭咽闭合不全则低。擦音[s、x]、塞擦音[z、j、c、q]实施语图对频谱特点进行分析、同时比较各组空白间隙、冲直条、噪音乱纹的出现频率,嗓音起始时间(voice onsettime,VOT)以及语音清晰度,P<0.01说明正常对照组与病例组有显著性差异。结论:CSAS能客观评价腭咽闭合不全,其获得的语图及相关物理声学参量对腭咽闭合不全临床治诊疗提供理论依据。     

起搏器电池耗竭的心电图表现及临床意义

目的探讨起搏器电池耗竭的心电图表现及其临床意义。方法对23例临床证实起搏器电池耗竭患者的临床资料及心电图进行回顾性分析。结果起搏频率减慢或起搏频率不均6例;起搏频率奔放1例;感知功能异常6例;起搏功能异常3例;感知及起搏功能均异常4例;起搏方式改变3例。结论起搏器电池耗竭可以有多种心电图表现,但必须结合临床,要除外起搏器系统的机械故障及起搏器参数设置不当引起类似的心电图改变,对于证实起搏器电池耗竭的患者要及时更换起搏器。     

The use of cell salvage in women undergoing cesarean hysterectomy for abnormal placentation

BackgroundAlthough transfusion of autologous blood obtained from cell salvage has increased, its role in obstetric practice remains controversial. This case series reports the use of cell salvage in an attempt to avoid allogeneic transfusion in women undergoing cesarean hysterectomy for placenta accreta.MethodsThis prospective observational study, conducted in a large public maternity hospital, included 41 women with an antenatal diagnosis of placenta accreta, of whom 20 underwent cesarean hysterectomy and 15 received autologous blood after cell salvage. Intraoperative cell salvage was used for autologous blood transfusion, and salvaged blood was monitored for prewash and postfiltration squamous cells, fetal hemoglobin, and potassium concentration. Pre- and postoperative hemoglobin, platelet count and coagulation profile were compared.ResultsTwenty women underwent caesarean hysterectomy. Cell-salvaged blood was collected in 18 women and re infused in 15 women (83.3%). The mean volume of reinfused salvaged blood was 1476 ± 247 mL. Mean potassium concentrations (1.4 ± 1.2 versus 3.7 ± 0.42 mEq/L) and median squamous cell counts (0 [0–1] versus 8 [3–12]/high power field) were significantly lower postfiltration compared to prewash values. There were no instances of intraoperative or postoperative amniotic fluid embolism, hypotension, sepsis or coagulopathy. Of the 15 women who received autologous blood, 13 (86.7%) did not require allogeneic red blood cell transfusion.ConclusionsAutologous transfusion of salvaged blood can be used to minimize allogeneic transfusion in women undergoing cesarean hysterectomy for placenta accreta.     

破裂型椎间盘突出动物模型中自身免疫反应的实验研究

目的:从动物实验的角度探讨破裂型椎间盘突出动物模型中的自身免疫反应.方法:20只SD大鼠分为两组,实验组采用自体髓核移植于坐骨神经旁的方法建立破裂型椎间盘突出动物模型(坐骨神经痛模型);对照组大鼠手术方法同实验组,但不放置髓核.术前及术后1、2、3周时采用爬坡实验及后肢机械缩爪阈值测定评估大鼠造模前后后肢运动能力及痛觉过敏的变化.术后3周时处死动物应用透射比浊法检测大鼠血清中免疫球蛋白IgG、IgM的含量,ELISA法测定血清中TNF-α、IL-6、IL-12的含量;采用免疫组化染色观察移植髓核中抗原抗体复合物沉积情况;应用BCA蛋白定量法观察坐骨神经中磷脂酶A2(PLA2)的活性.结果:所有大鼠模型建立前爬坡试验结果均为Ⅳ级,造模后对照组爬坡试验仍为Ⅳ级,实验组在造模后1、2及3周时爬坡试验均为Ⅲ级.实验组大鼠造模后1、2、3周时的后肢机械缩爪阈值分别为67.2±8.4、41.3±5.2及40.7±5.3mmHg,较术前(90.4±5.0mmHg)及对照组明显降低(P＜0.01),出现较为明显的痛觉过敏.术后3周实验组大鼠血清中IgG含量4.98±0.96g/L及IgM含量1.45±0.37g/L较对照组(4.31±0.77g/L及0.79±0.35g/L)明显上升(P＜0.05);血清中TNF-α、IL-6、IL-12的含量(205.77±46.32pg/L,186.4±87.3pg/L,69.23±27.46pg/L)较对照组(11.01±2.53pg/L,85.0± 13.2pg/L,21.65±11.93pg/L)均明显升高(P＜0.05).实验组大鼠移植髓核中出现抗原抗体复合物阳性沉积,阳性率为80％,明显高于对照组(P＜0.01);其坐骨神经中PLA2活性为0.0766±0.0039μmoL/(min·L),较对照组0.0006±0.0010μmoL/(min·L)明显升高(P＜0.05).结论:破裂型椎间盘突出动物模型中存在着由移植髓核引起的全身及局部异常的自身免疫反应,这可能是导致其疼痛的主要原因.     

黏膜方对IgA肾病大鼠异常糖基化IgA1及肾间质纤维化的干预及机制研究

目的:研究血清和肾组织中的异常糖基化IgA1水平与IgA肾病的间质纤维化程度的相关性;阐明黏膜方治疗IgA肾病的作用机制。方法:采用口服牛血清白蛋白、四氯化碳皮下注射和尾静脉注射脂多糖免疫复合法建立IgA肾病大鼠模型,随机分为正常组、模型组、中药组(黏膜方)及西药组(福辛普利钠)、中西医结合组(黏膜方+福辛普利),观察治疗后各组血清和肾组织异常糖基化的IgA1水平、血清IgA-纤维连接蛋白(IgA-FN)、肾组织转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)和α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)及其mRNA的表达量。结果:血清IgA-FN,中药组及中西医结合组低于模型组(P<0.001);血清异常糖基化IgA1量,中药组及西药组均低于模型组(P<0.05);肾组织中的异常糖基化IgA1水平,模型组高于正常组(P<0.05),各治疗组低于模型组(P<0.05);肾组织中TGF-β1mRNA及蛋白表达量模型组均显著高于正常组(P<0.01),各治疗组TGF-β1mRNA及蛋白表达均低于模型组(P<0.05);模型组α-SMAmRNA高于正常组(P<0.05),各治疗组低于模型组(P<0.001),模型组α-SMA蛋白表达阳性面积高于正常组(P<0.001),中西医结合组和西药组阳性面积低于模型组(P<0.05);肾组织α-SMAmRNA及蛋白表达与血清及肾组织中异常糖基化IgA1呈正相关(P<0.005);肾组织TGF-β1mRNA与血清及肾组织异常糖基化IgA1呈正相关(P<0.005)。结论:血清中异常糖基化IgA1与肾间质纤维化程度密切相关,黏膜方能减轻实验性IgAN大鼠血清及肾脏异常糖基化的IgA1水平,改善肾间质纤维化。     

Acute limbic encephalitis with focal hyperperfusion on single photon emission computed tomography

Here we report an 11-year-old boy with acute encephalopathy with neuropsychiatric symptoms. The patient had mildly decreased consciousness, delirious behavior, and affective changes next day of fever onset. Hematologic, biochemical, and metabolic examinations were unremarkable. CSF analysis revealed cell counts of 278 cells/mm³ and a protein level of 87 mg/dL. Although MRI revealed no abnormal findings, an increase in regional cerebral blood flow was present in the bilateral frontal lobes, mesial temporal lobes, and basal ganglia on single photon emission computed tomography. The measurement of the concentrations of biomarkers such as cytokines in the patient’s serum and cerebrospinal fluid revealed elevated levels of IL-4 and TNF-α in the cerebrospinal fluid. Immunohistochemical studies applying control human brain sections did not demonstrate the presence of autoantibodies. We considered that innate immunity rather than autoantibody response may have contributed to the neuropsychiatric symptoms of our patient. These results suggest heterogeneity of patients with acute encephalopathy with neuropsychiatric symptoms.     

糖尿病前期周围神经病的神经电生理研究

目的 探讨神经电生理(神经传导、F波及皮肤交感反应)检查对糖尿病前期周围神经病的诊断价值。方法 选取100例糖尿病前期患者、50例糖尿病患者及50例健康志愿者,糖尿病前期患者又分为糖耐量异常及空腹血糖受损组,分别为55例及45例; 对上述对象进行四肢神经传导(Nerve conduction studies, NCS)、F波、皮肤交感反应(Skin sympathetic response,SSR)检查。结果(1)糖耐量异常组正中神经感觉动作电位(Sensory nerve active potential,SNAP)、胫后和腓总神经SNAP及感觉传导速度(Sensory nerve conduction velocity,SCV)均低于正常对照组及空腹血糖受损组,空腹血糖受损组腓总神经SNAP、胫后神经SCV均低于正常对照组(P均<0.05);(2)空腹血糖受损组、糖耐量异常组上肢及下肢SSR波幅均低于正常对照组(P均<0.05),糖耐量异常组下肢SSR波幅低于空腹血糖受损组(P均<0.05);(3)糖耐量异常组F波、感觉神经NCS,SSR异常的比例多于正常对照组,空腹血糖受损组SSR异常比例多于正常对照组,糖耐量异常组感觉神经NCS异常的比例多于空腹血糖受损组(P均<0.05)。结论 糖尿病前期患者存在周围有髓鞘大感觉神经纤维及无髓鞘小神经纤维损害,其中糖耐量异常患者周围神经损害重于空腹血糖受损患者,电生理检查以感觉神经NCS及SSR异常为主,利用神经电生理技术利于其周围神经损害的早期诊断。