糖代谢异常者血脂、hs-CRP的表达水平及其临床意义

目的：分析糖代谢异常者血脂、hs-CRP表达水平及临床意义。方法采用回顾性方法分析,选取该院自2012年10月—2014年10月期间口服糖耐量试验患者172例,将其分为对照组(正常糖耐量)、观察组(葡萄糖调节异常),两组各86例,比较两组的血脂各项指标及hs-CRP表达水平。结果观察组血脂水平及hs-CRP水平与对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且各项血脂指标、hs-CRP检出率高于对照组(<0.05)。结论高TG、高LDL-C 是糖代谢异常者血脂代谢的典型特征,联合CHO、HDL-C、hs-CRP各项指标可以评估糖尿病及其相关疾病患者的心血管受损情况,对于糖尿病合并冠心病患者的早期诊治、预后评价有重要意义。     

Prevalence of abnormal upper limb arterial anatomy and its correlation with access failure during transradial coronary angiography

ObjectiveThe study aimed at to find out prevalence of abnormal upper limb arterial anatomy and its correlation with access failure during transradial coronary angiography.MethodThis was a prospective observational study of 1512 patients who had undergone transradial coronary angiography (CAG). Angiographic assessment of upper limb arterial tree was performed when the angiographic guidewire or the diagnostic catheter followed an abnormal path or got stuck in its course.ResultsAbout 5.29% patients (80/1512) were noted to have abnormal upper limb arterial anatomy. The most common abnormality detected were radio-ulnar loop in 22 (1.46%) patients, tortuous upper limb arteries 19 (1.25%) and abnormal high origin of radial artery 10 (0.66%) patients. Access failure was encountered in 4.4% (67/1512) of total patients and 64.17% (43/67) access failure was due to abnormal upper limb arterial anatomy.ConclusionAbnormal upper limb arterial anatomy was the most common cause of access failure in transradial coronary angiography in this study.     

宫腔镜技术在异常子宫出血患者诊疗中的应用价值

目的:探讨异常子宫出血的常见原因和宫腔镜在异常子宫出血患者中的应用价值.方法:选取2012年1月～2012年12月期间因异常子宫出血在我院住院行宫腔镜手术的患者94例为研究对象,分析其宫腔镜检查、术前超声情况、术后病理以及宫腔镜治疗术后的效果.结果:94例异常子宫出血的病例,其中功能失调性子宫出血21例(22.34％),子宫内膜息肉29例(30.85％),子宫肌瘤27例(28.72％),宫颈管息肉10例(10.64％),宫内异物5例(5.32％),子宫内膜瘤样病变1例,子宫内膜癌1例.术前60例超声检查宫内异常回声,宫腔镜术后证实有器质性病变和异物的53例;术前34例超声检查宫内无异常回声,宫腔镜术后证实有器质性病变和异物的20例.异常子宫出血病因宫腔镜诊断阳性率77.66％,高于超声诊断(63.82％)(x2=4.34,P＜0.05).子宫肌瘤患者行宫腔镜电切后,异常子宫出血的症状全部改善,子宫内膜息肉和宫颈管息肉的患者行息肉电切术后,少部分患者症状改善不理想,需结合激素药物治疗.结论:功能失调性子宫出血、子宫内膜息肉、子宫肌瘤是异常子宫出血的常见原因,宫腔镜检查能明确其原因,宫腔镜电切术治疗子宫肌瘤效果好,治疗子宫内膜息肉后辅助药物治疗能达到满意的治疗效果,所以,宫腔镜技术应成为异常子宫出血的首选检查治疗方法.     

Deconstructing the Pharmacovigilance Hype Cycle

Data science is making increasing contributions to pharmacovigilance. Although the technical innovation of these works are indisputable, efficient progress in real-world pharmacovigilance signal detection may be hampered by corresponding technology life cycle effects, with a resulting tendency to conclude that, with large enough datasets and intricate algorithms, “the numbers speak for themselves,” discounting the importance of clinical and scientific judgment. A practical consequence is overzealous declarations regarding the safety or lack of safety of drugs. We describe these concerns through a critical discussion of key results and conclusions from case studies selected to illustrate these points.     

Mode of Onset of Malignant Ventricular Arrhythmias in Idiopathic Ventricular Fibrillation

Mode of Onset of Idiopathic VF. Introduction : The mode of onset of malignant ventricular arrhythmias (ventricular tachycardia [VT] or ventricular fibrillation [VF] has been well described in patients with organic heart disease and in patients with the long QT syndromes. Less is known about the mode of onset of VF in patients with out-of-hospital VF who have no evidence of organic heart disease or identifiable etiology.
Methods and Results : We reviewed the ECGs of all our patients with Idiopathic VF. Documentation of the onset of spontaneous arrhythmias was available for 22 VK episodes in 9 patients (6 men and 3 women; age 41 ± 16 years). In all instances, spontaneous VF followed a rapid polymorphic VT, which was initiated by premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) with very short coupling intervals. The PVC initiating VF had a coupling interval of 302 ± 52 msec and a prematurity index of 0.4 ± 0.07. These PVCs occurred within 40 msec of the peak of the preceding T wave. Pause-dependent arrhythmias were never observed.
Concltision : Cardiac arrest among patients with idiopathic VF has a very distinctive mode of onset. Documentation of a polymorphic VT that is not pause dependent is of diagnostic value.     

Long-Term Follow-Up in Patients With Stable Angina and Unobstructed Coronary Arteries Undergoing Intracoronary Acetylcholine Testing

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the prognosis of a large cohort of patients with stable angina and unobstructed coronaries undergoing acetylcholine spasm testing.BackgroundCoronary artery spasm can be found in up to 60% of patients with symptoms of myocardial ischemia despite unobstructed coronary arteries.MethodsConsecutive symptomatic patients with unobstructed coronary arteries undergoing acetylcholine testing to detect epicardial or microvascular coronary spasm were prospectively enrolled. After a median follow-up period of 7.2 years (6.5 to 7.9 years), data regarding mortality, nonfatal myocardial infarction, stroke, repeat coronary angiography, recurrent symptoms, and quality of life were obtained in 736 patients (57% women, mean age 62 ± 12 years).ResultsIn total, 55 deaths (7.5%), 8 nonfatal myocardial infarctions (1.4%), and 12 strokes (2.2%) occurred during the follow-up period. Recurrent symptoms were reported by 64% of patients, and repeat coronary angiography was performed in 12% of cases. Multivariate analysis revealed epicardial spasm as a predictor of nonfatal myocardial infarction (hazard ratio: 14.469; 95% confidence interval: 1.735 to 120.646) and repeat angiography (hazard ratio: 1.703; 95% confidence interval: 1.062 to 2.732), whereas patients with microvascular spasm more often had recurrent angina at follow-up (hazard ratio: 1.311; 95% confidence interval: 1.013 to 1.697).ConclusionsIn this long-term follow-up study, the overall prognosis of patients with coronary spasm was favorable. Patients with epicardial spasm were at increased risk for myocardial infarction and repeat angiography, while microvascular spasm was associated with recurrent angina. Acetylcholine testing may help identify patients at increased risk for adverse cardiac events among this overall low-risk population.     

Correlación entre la expresión del receptor dopaminérgico D2 y presencia de movimientos involuntarios anormales (MIA) en un modelo de disquinesia en ratas Wistar hemiparkinsonizadas

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterised by motor alterations, which are commonly treated with L-DOPA. However, long-term L-DOPA use may cause dyskinesia. Although the pathogenic mechanism of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia is unclear, the condition has been associated with alterations in dopamine receptors, among which D2 receptors (D2R) have received little attention. This study aims to: (i) develop and standardise an experimental model of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in rats with hemiparkinsonism; and (ii) evaluate the correlation between D2R expression and presence of abnormal involuntary movements (AIM). We allocated 21 male Wistar rats into 3 groups: intact controls, lesioned rats (with neurotoxin 6-OHDA), and dyskinetic rats (injected with L-DOPA for 19 days). Sensorimotor impairment was assessed with behavioural tests. Dyskinetic rats gradually developed AIMs during the treatment period; front leg AIMs were more severe and locomotor AIMs less severe (P < .05). All AIMs were significantly evident from day 5 and persisted until the last day of injection. D2R density was greater in the striatum and the medial anterior brain of the lesioned and dyskinetic rats than in those of controls. Our results suggest an association between D2R expression and locomotor AIMs. We conclude that RD2 is involved in L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia.     

Stimulus transformation into motor action: Dynamic graph analysis reveals a posterior‐to‐anterior shift in brain network communication of older subjects

Cognitive performance slows down with increasing age. This includes cognitive processes that are essential for the performance of a motor act, such as the slowing down in response to an external stimulus. The objective of this study was to identify aging‐associated functional changes in the brain networks that are involved in the transformation of external stimuli into motor action. To investigate this topic, we employed dynamic graphs based on phase‐locking of Electroencephalography signals recorded from healthy younger and older subjects while performing a simple visually‐cued finger‐tapping task. The network analysis yielded specific age‐related network structures varying in time in the low frequencies (2–7 Hz), which are closely connected to stimulus processing, movement initiation and execution in both age groups. The networks in older subjects, however, contained several additional, particularly interhemispheric, connections and showed an overall increased coupling density. Cluster analyses revealed reduced variability of the subnetworks in older subjects, particularly during movement preparation. In younger subjects, occipital, parietal, sensorimotor and central regions were—temporally arranged in this order—heavily involved in hub nodes. Whereas in older subjects, a hub in frontal regions preceded the noticeably delayed occurrence of sensorimotor hubs, indicating different neural information processing in older subjects. All observed changes in brain network organization, which are based on neural synchronization in the low frequencies, provide a possible neural mechanism underlying previous fMRI data, which report an overactivation, especially in the prefrontal and pre‐motor areas, associated with a loss of hemispheric lateralization in older subjects.