细胞周期调控因子P16INK4、P57kip2和K i67在肝癌中的表达及意义

目的：探讨细胞周期调控因子P16INK4、P57kip2和Ki67在肝癌中的表达水平及其意义。方法收集正常肝组织标本21例,肝细胞肝癌标本48例及对应的癌旁组织标本48例为研究对象,通过免疫组织化学和Western blot分析P16INK4、P57kip2和Ki67的表达水平。结果 P16INK4及 P57kip2蛋白肝癌组织中的表达与癌旁组织及正常肝脏组织比较显著降低,阳性率分别为49．3％和34．2％,K i67蛋白肝癌组织中的表达水平显著升高,其阳性率为91．7％,与癌旁组织及正常肝脏组织比较差异均有统计学意义（P＜0．05）,结果与Western blot结果一致;高、低分化组P57kip2、Ki67及P16INK4的表达水平比较差异均有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。结论 P16INK4、P57kip2表达降低及Ki67的高表达在肝细胞癌的发生、发展过程中可能有重要的作用。     

Ki-67 p53蛋白在乳腺癌病理组织中的表达及临床意义

目的：检测Ki-67、p53蛋白在乳腺癌病理组织中的表达情况,探讨其临床诊断意义。方法采用免疫组化法检测65例乳腺癌病理组织及12例乳腺良性病变中Ki-67、p53蛋白的表达情况。结果 Ki-67、p53蛋白在乳腺癌病理组织中的阳性表达率分别为90.77%,53.85%,在乳腺良性病变中阳性表达率分别为0%,0%,两者差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）;Ki-67、p53蛋白的阳性表达率与临床分期、有无淋巴结转移均密切相关（P<0.01）。结论联合检测Ki-67、p53蛋白的表达,对乳腺癌与良性病变的鉴别及预后判断具有重要的参考价值。     

67‐kDa Laminin receptor contributes to hypoxia‐induced migration and invasion of trophoblast‐like cells by mediating matrix metalloproteinase‐9

Insufficient trophoblast invasion often occurs in patients experiencing preeclampsia. The 67‐kDa laminin receptor (LR1) is a multifunctional protein that binds to laminin and interacts with the extracellular matrix. We recently demonstrated that LR1 is implicated in trophoblast migration and invasion. However, whether LR1 is involved in hypoxia‐mediated trophoblastic invasion remains unclear and requires further investigation. This study demonstrates that two trophoblast‐like cell lines (JEG3 and BeWo cells) cultured at 3% oxygen exerted enhanced migratory and invasive capabilities as compared with their counterparts exposed to 20% oxygen. LR1 expression was increased in hypoxic JEG3 cells but decreased after transfection with hypoxia‐inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF‐1α) specific siRNA. Moreover, shRNA targeting LR1 mRNA significantly inhibited hypoxia‐induced increase in matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐9 activity in JEG3 cells. Forced overexpression of LR1 augmented JEG3 cell migration and invasion, and enhanced MMP‐9 expression and activity. Additionally, the blockade of the MMP‐9 effect with its neutralizing antibody reduced LR1 elevation‐promoted trophoblastic invasion. In summary, this study demonstrates that LR1 contributes to hypoxia‐induced migration and invasion of trophoblast cells at least partly by mediating MMP‐9 in vitro.     

Effects of arginine-vasopression on regional blood volume distribution in supine humans

Summary In healthy humans, the increase in arterial blood pressure seen in patients with autonomic dysfunction in response to exogenous vasopressin (AVP) is abolished. We tested the hypothesis that redistribution of blood from the intra- to the extrathoracic vascular compartment might contribute to this buffer response. Regional distribution of^99mTc labeled autologous red cells was assessed in healthy supine volunteers (n=7) during arginine-vasopressin administration (1 ng·kg^–1 bolus i.v. followed by a 14-min infusion of 3 ng·kg^–1·min^–1), along with arterial and central venous pressures, and heart rate. Exogenous vasopressin increased plasma vasopressin concentration from 4.0±1.4 SEM to 91 pg·ml^–1±12. Thoracic counts increased slightly but significantly by 2.2%±0.9, while global abdominal counts remained unchanged. Most surprisingly, counts in the liver markedly increased (+8.1%±1.8, p=0.02), but significantly decreased in the spleen (–3.1%±1.4). Intestinal (–2.5%±2.4) and limb counts did not change significantly. Consistent with the increase in thoracic counts centralvenous pressure increased from 3.6 mm Hg±1 to 4.7±1 (p=0.02), while arterial pressure and heart rate did not change. All changes reversed towards baseline when vasopressin administration ceased. Thus, in humans with an intact autonomic system, vasopressin, at concentrations observed during hypotension, increases liver and, albeit to a small extent, also thoracic blood volume, but decreases splenic blood content. These results 1) are incompatible with the hypothesis that AVP induces a shift of blood from intra- to extrathoracic capacitance vessels, and 2) show that AVP increases rather than decreases central blood volume.     

Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica

Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica (TO) is a rare disorder with unknown aetiology. We report one case of TO in a patient with non-Hodgkin pulmonary lymphoma and benign epidermal and trichylemmal cysts on the periorbital region and scalp. To the authors' knowledge, the coincidence of these processes has never been described before. The case was evaluated with conventional X-ray, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, fibre-optic bronchoscopy with 2 months interval, histopathological evaluation, Tc-99 m MDP bone scintigraphy and microbiological studies including PCR testing of bronchial biopsy and lavage specimens for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Additionally, case reports of TO in the Turkish literature are summarized.     

Assessment of myocardial perfusion with thallium-201 scintigraphy in exercise-induced left bundle branch block: diagnostic value and clinical significance.

Myocardial perfusion scintigraphy with thallium-201 was performed in 33 subjects (mean age 45 years, range 28-61) with exercise-induced, rate-dependent left bundle branch block (LBBB) in order to assess both the value of Thallium-201 myocardial imaging for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD) and the pathogenesis (ischaemic or not) of the conduction defect. Of the 33 patients evaluated, 16 had chest pain suggestive of CAD and 17 were asymptomatic. None had a history of prior myocardial infarction or clinical and echocardiographic signs of heart disease. LBBB appeared at a heart rate ranging from 70 to 160 b.min-1. Eighteen patients showed repolarization abnormalities (ST segment depression with deep inverted T waves) compatible with ischaemia, after QRS normalization. Thallium-201 myocardial uptake was normal in 12 subjects; in the remaining 21, reversible Thallium-201 defects were demonstrated in the septum (18 patients), septum and apex (2), and septum and infero-apical wall (1). No patient had irreversible defects and all had normal coronary angiography, with negative ergonovine tests for coronary artery spasm. The patients were followed up for a mean of 43 months (range 16-80). One patient died from sudden death, but no cardiac event occurred in the other patients. In conclusion, exercise Thallium-201 myocardial scintigraphy showed a high prevalence (64%) of reversible perfusion defects in a group of patients with exercise-induced LBBB without any evidence of CAD at angiography or coronary spasm at ergonovine test. Moreover, follow-up showed a relatively low rate of major cardiac events.     

A “false positive” octreoscan in ileal Crohn’s disease

We present a case report of a patient with a suspicious ileal carcinoid tumour. Clinical examination as well as computer tomograghy （CT） scan suggested a tumour. Octeotride scan showed uptake in the same bowel loop reported as pathological in CT. The patient underwent surgery and biopsy which reported Crohn’s disease （CD）. The interest in the case is due to the fact that this is, to the best of our knowledge, the second report of Crohn’sdisease as a cause of false positive octeotride scan. Unfortunately, no somatostatin recptors could be found in the sample, so further studies should be performed.     

Liver regeneration is not altered in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) when compared to chronic hepatitis C infection with similar grade of inflammation

Fatty infiltration is associated with an increased incidence of complications and mortality after liver resection and transplantation. The aim of this study was to document the regenerative response in patients with hepatic steatosis and mild inflammatory activity (NASH) and to identify potential levels of impaired regeneration. Ki-67 immunostaining was similar in patients with NASH (ages 44.6 ± 15 years, labeling index, 0.4 ± 0.3%) when compared to patients with chronic hepatitis C infection (ages 50.7 ± 17 years, labeling index; 0.4 ± 0.7%). The labeling index was not increased in patients with a higher level of inflammation, a higher level of fibrosis, and a higher level of fat in either study group. In conclusion, liver regeneration is not altered in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, suggesting that the delayed postoperative liver failure seen in these patients may be related to another mechanism.     

Development and characterization of a 99mTc‐labeled Neuropeptide Y short analog with potential application in breast cancer imaging

The aim of this work was to develop and evaluate a ^99mTc‐labeled neuropeptide Y derivative with affinity toward Y1‐receptor. The selected amino acid sequence included nine amino acids derived from the C‐terminal portion of the NPY complemented with the addition of one cysteine‐mercaptoacetic acid moiety to bind the radiometal. Labeling was achieved through the preparation of a 3 + 1 nitrido complex. Physicochemical evaluation, cell uptake, internalization and externalization studies, and competitive assays were performed. Biodistribution experiments were carried out in normal and tumor‐bearing mice. A single product with radiochemical purity >90% and high stability was obtained. In vitro analysis showed specific cellular uptake, IC₅₀ of 73.2 nM, and a high internalization rate (80%). Biodistribution studies showed low blood and renal uptake and combined hepatobiliary and urinary elimination. Preliminary studies in mice bearing induced breast tumors rendered promising uptake values.