Clearance of thallium-201 from the peripheral blood: Comparison of immediate and standard thallium-201 reinjection

As several reinjection procedures have shown encouraging results in terms of imaging, we investigated whether the kinetics of thallium-201 would differ between the standard stress-redistribution-reinjection approach and the stress-immediate reinjection approach. In 53 consecutive patients with undiagnosed chest pain, 75 MBq (2 mCi)²⁰¹Tl was injected at maximal exercise. In 26 of these patients (group I), 37 MBq (1 mCi)²⁰¹Tl was reinjected immediately after completing the exercise images (the immediate reinjection procedure) and in 27 patients (group II), 37 MBq (1 mCi)²⁰¹Tl was reinjected after completing 3-h redistribution images (the standard reinjection procedure). Mean peak²⁰¹Tl blood activity after exercise was 17.7±12.5 kBq/ml (4.8±3.4 mCi/ml) for group I versus 16.4±9.2 kBq/ml (4.4±2.5 mCi/ml) for group II (NS). The relative increase in²⁰¹Tl blood activity after reinjection of half the initial dose [37 MBq (1 mCi)] exceeded 50% of the initial peak in both groups. The relative amount of²⁰¹Tl delivered to the myocardium was assessed by the area under the curve after both exercise and reinjection, and was 117%±72% for group I and 112%±73% for group II (NS). Blood clearance of²⁰¹Tl was at least biexponential. Mean early decay constants (₁) after exercise and reinjection were 0.30±0.18 min^–1 and 0.22±0.046 min^–1 respectively for group I (T _1/2 2.3 min and 3.2 min respectively, NS), and 0.30±0.12 min^–1 and 0.24±0.07 min^–1 respectively for group II (T _1/2 2.3 min and 2.9 min respectively, NS). For both procedures no significant differences were found between ₁ after exercise and ₁ after injection. The mean late clearance (₂) from the blood was 0.032±0.056 min^–1 and 0.012±0.012 min^–1 respectively for group I (T _1/2 21.6 min and 57.7 min respectively, NS), and 0.036±0.030 min^–1 and 0.014±0.014 min^–1 respectively for group II (T _1/2 19.3 min and 49.5 min respectively, NS). Also, no significant differences were found between ₂ after exercise for both groups and between ₂ after reinjection for both groups. We conclude that reinjection of 37 MBq (1 mCi)²⁰¹Tl (half the initial dose) results in a relative increase in the initial peak and a relative increase in the amount of²⁰¹Tl delivered to the myocardium of more than 50% for both the standard and the immediate reinjection procedure. The clearance of²⁰¹Tl from the blood was not influenced by exercise or by the time of reinjection. Based on²⁰¹Tl kinetics as measured in the peripheral blood, there is no reason to postpone reinjection until 3–4 h following exercise.     

Gallium scintigraphy in Hansen's disease

Gallium 67 imaging was used in 12 patients with documented Hansen's disease undergoing treatment or not, in an attempt to determine the pattern of the disease. Diagnosis was confirmed by histopathology in all patients. The Mitsuda reaction was seen in all patients. Specific nuclear studies were performed when needed to evaluate particular organs better. Gallium 67 images show homogeneous, diffuse and moderate accumulation over the entire skin surface (except for the face) of untreated patients with multibacillary disease. The facial skin in these cases presented homogeneous, diffuse but very marked uptake of gallium. Internal organ involvement was variable. There was a very good correlation among clinical, scintigraphic, immunological and histopathological data. The pattern of the body skin (skin outlining) and facial skin (beard distribution) may be distinct for untreated patients with multibacillary leprosy.     

γ-闪烁扫描法确定替硝唑结肠释放片人体内释药部位的研究

 目的确定替硝唑结肠释放片在人体内释药部位。方法以氧化钐为标记物，利用γ-闪烁扫描技术对替硝唑结肠释放片在人体内的释药部位进行跟踪监测。结果替硝唑结肠释放片在2名志愿者胃肠道内的崩解部位均为升结肠,药片崩解时间为7～8 h。结论替硝唑结肠释放片在人体胃肠道内具有结肠定位释药效果,达到了预期的设计目的。     

补肾活血合剂对自发性高血压大鼠血管损害的保护作用

通过使用补肾活血合剂后对SHR和Wistar大鼠血压、主动脉及主动脉中膜平滑肌细胞碱性成纤维细胞生长因子 (bFGF)和Ki- 6 7阳性表达的观察 ,探讨了补肾活血合剂在降低血压、改善高血压血管损害中的作用机制 ,提示补肾活血合剂所调控的生长因子 (bFGF、Ki- 6 7)与血管损害的特异性有关。     

表皮生长因子受体EGFR和Ki67在非小细胞肺癌中的表达及其相关性研究

目的 :探讨表皮生长因子受体 (epi dermalgrowthfactorreceptor ,EGFR)和Ki67在非小细胞肺癌 (non smallcelllungcancer,NSCLC)中的表达及其与NSCLC发生、发展及预后的关系。方法 :对经随访资料完整的术后NSCLC组织标本 60例、癌旁组织 2 0例和肺正常组织 5例 ,采用SP免疫组化法检测EGFR和Ki67。对术后辅助性化疗 3 6例 ,分析疗效与EGFR和Ki67表达的关系。结果 :NSCLC中EGFR表达阳性率为 65 % ,阳性细胞的棕黄色颗粒位于细胞质 ;Ki67表达阳性率为 81 67% ,阳性细胞的棕黄色颗粒位于细胞核 ;2 0例癌旁组织及 5例正常肺组织未见阳性染色细胞。癌组织EGFR和Ki67表达与癌旁组织相比差异有统计学意义 ,P <0 0 1。NSCLC中EGFR和Ki67阳性表达与年龄、性别、吸烟与否、肿瘤细胞的病理类型差异无统计学意义 ,P >0 0 5 ;与肿瘤大小、病理分级、淋巴结转移和TNM分期密切相关 ,P <0 0 5。EGFR和Ki67表达阳性者 3年生存率分别为19 86%和 3 1 3 3 % ,低于阴性表达 70 11%和90 91% ,P <0 0 5 ;接受术后辅助性化疗的患者 ,EGFR和Ki67阳性表达复发转移率分别为 70 3 7%和 62 5 0 % ,高于阴性表达 11 11%和 0 ,P <0 0 5。结论 :EGFR和Ki67在NSCLC中的异常或过度表达与肿瘤发生、发展密切相关 ,两者表达具有协同作     

检测食管癌标本中PCNA和p16及Ki-67的临床意义

对西京医院进行根治性放疗的食管鳞状细胞癌患者 64例 ,照射剂量DT64～ 70Gy ,进行前瞻性研究 ,对其治疗前活检标本进行SP免疫组化染色 ,计数其阳性细胞数 ,并计算阳性率 ,观察其阳性率与食管癌放疗疗效及预后的关系。结果PCNA阳性率 5 1%～ 67 1% ,中央值 3 2 0 % ,PCNA阳性率 >40 %者较低于此值者预后明显差。p16在低分化癌中较高分化癌阳性表达率低 ,且随着病期的进展阳性表达率降低 ,P <0 0 5 ;Ki 67与近期疗效及预后未见明显差异。初步研究结果提示 ,PCNA阳性率是判断放疗疗效有意义的指标 ,且与p16联合检测对食管鳞癌放疗前恶性程度评定和预后估计有重要意义     

Ki67在鼻咽癌中的表达及意义

 目的　观察Ki6 7在鼻咽癌中的表达及其与鼻咽癌生物学行为和预后的关系。方法　应用SP免疫组化染色法检测鼻咽癌患者放疗前活检组织石蜡标本中Ki6 7在鼻咽癌中的表达情况。结果　 5 6例鼻咽癌标本中 ,Ki6 7阳性表达范围为 0～ 31% ,其中高表达者 16例 ,低表达者 4 0例 (含 14例阴性 )。Ki6 7高表达者 ,对射线敏感 ,预后较好 ;反之 ,对射线不敏感 ,预后较差。结论　Ki6 7可作为评估鼻咽癌患者放射敏感性、预测预后的独立指标之一。     

膀胱移行细胞癌中环氧化酶-2和Ki67表达的相互关系及其临床意义

 目的研究环氧化酶2(COX2)和Ki67表达与膀胱移行细胞癌的生长、分化、转移及预后的关系,探讨膀胱癌中COX2和细胞增殖的关系。方法采用免疫组化SABC法和SP法,检测54例膀胱癌、29例癌旁组织和10例正常膀胱粘膜中COX2和Ki67的表达,并结合临床病理资料进行分析。结果膀胱癌中COX2阳性表达率为81.48%,Ki67标记指数为(17.79±9.80)%,均显著高于癌旁组织及正常膀胱粘膜;COX2表达强度和Ki67标记指数均与膀胱癌分化、临床分期、淋巴转移相关;COX2表达异常病例Ki67标记指数亦有增高趋势,二者呈正相关。结论COX2表达上调在膀胱肿瘤的发生发展中有重要意义,其高表达与膀胱肿瘤的分化、生长及转移相关;COX2的高表达可能有助于增加膀胱癌细胞增殖活性。     

GGF及Ki67表达与听神经瘤细胞增殖相关性的探讨

目的:分析听神经胶质生长因子(GGF)、Ki67抗原与听神经瘤间的相关性,进一步探讨听神经瘤发生的分子机制.方法:回顾性分析49例听神经瘤,计算其生长速率,GGF、Ki67免疫组织化学方法分析细胞增殖相关性及GGF对细胞培养的作用观察.卡方检验及相关分析研究生长速率与GGF、Ki67表达之间的相关性.结果:听神经瘤GGF、Ki67表达均与生长速率呈显著正相关,听神经瘤组中GGF、Ki67标记指数之间也有显著相关性,持续应用GGF可促进培养的听神经瘤细胞生长产生组织形态学变化.结论:GGF与听神经瘤的异常增生有关,其表达率与听神经瘤的生长呈正相关.Ki67抗原可提示肿瘤的增殖活性,GGF与Ki67抗原联合可对术后听神经瘤的生长作出预测.     

结直肠癌组织中Survivin表达与细胞增殖的关系

目的 :探讨结直肠癌组织中Survivin表达的临床病理学意义及其与癌细胞增殖的关系。方法 :免疫组织化学染色方法 (SP法 )检测 10 6例结直肠癌组织中Survivin、Ki 6 7、P5 3的表达 ,分析Survivin表达与Ki 6 7增殖指数、P5 3表达及各临床病理因素的关系。结果 :Survivin阳性表达结直肠癌的Ki 6 7增殖指数 (4 1.31%± 19.83% )明显高于Survivin阴性者 (2 6 .2 1%± 2 0 .36 % ) ,Survivin表达与肿瘤细胞增殖呈正相关 (P <0 .0 5 )。Survivin表达与P5 3表达无显著相关。Survivin在结直肠癌组织中的表达率为 6 4 .2 % (6 8/10 6例 ) ,癌旁形态学正常的结直肠粘膜未见Survivin表达 ;Survivin在中高分化结直肠癌表达阳性率 72 .4 % (6 3/87例 ) ,明显高于低分化结直肠癌 (2 6 .3% ,5 /19例 ) ,P <0 .0 5。此外 ,Survivin表达与患者性别、肿瘤位置、浸润深度、淋巴结转移、远处转移以及Dukes’分期无显著相关 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :凋亡抑制蛋白Survivin在结直肠癌组织中阳性表达率为 6 4 .2 % ,与细胞分化程度有关 ,可促进结直肠癌细胞的增殖