重组人PTH(1-34)与依降钙素对绝经后女性骨质疏松患者骨代谢和血清SPARC的影响

目的 观察重组人甲状旁腺素(1-34)[ rhPTH(1-34)]和依降钙素对绝经后女性骨质疏松患者骨密度和骨代谢及血清富含半胱氨酸的酸性蛋白( SPARC)水平的影响.方法 124例绝经后女性骨质疏松症患者随机分为PTH组(n=89),给予rhPTH (1-34)200 U皮下注射每日一次和CT组(n=35),给予依降钙素20U肌肉注射每周一次,共12个月.于治疗前、治疗后6个月、12个月测定各组一般生化指标,腰椎L2-4、左股骨颈、大转子及Ward三角的骨密度、血清钙、磷水平.采用酶联免疫法(ELISA)测定血清骨碱性磷酸酶(BSAP)、富含半胱氨酸的酸性蛋白(SPARC)等骨代谢相关指标水平情况.结果 rhPTH治疗12个月后腰椎L2-4骨密度较基线增加了7.9％(P＜0.05);血清钙和BSAP水平12个月时较治疗前分别增加了8.3％和93.4％(均P＜0.05);血清SPARC水平12个月时较基线增加了12.6％(P＜0.05);与治疗前相比,依降钙素治疗12个月时腰椎L2-4骨密度增加了3.2％(P＜0.05);血清钙、BSAP和SPARC水平均无显著改变.结论 rhPTH (1-34)能显著促进骨合成代谢,其疗效优于依降钙素;血清SPARC水平的增加可能在rhPTH促进成骨过程中起重要作用.     

SLC34A3 intronic deletion in a new kindred with hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets with hypercalciuria

Objective: Hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets with hypercalciuria (HHRH) is an autosomal recessive form of hypophosphatemia with hyperphosphaturia, hypercalciuria, and hypercalcemia. In two reports on six affected kindreds with HHRH, the disease was mapped to chromosome 9q34, which contains the SLC34A3 gene that encodes the renal type 2c sodium-phosphate cotransporter. Our objective was to define the clinical course of these cases in a family with HHRH and to screen for SLC34A3 gene in order to determine whether these mutations are responsible for HHRH.Methods: After clinical and biochemical evaluations, the entire SLC34A3 gene was screened using PCR amplification followed by direct sequencing technique. In this paper, we describe a new kindred with HHRH and a case of progressive and complicated HHRH presenting at age 27 years.Results: We found 101-bp deletion in intron 9 of the SLC34A3 gene. The index patient was homozygous for this mutation which has been previously reported in a Caucasian population. This is the first report for presence of SLC34A3 intron 9 deletion in an Iranian population.Conclusions: These data showed that HHRH can be easily missed or underdiagnosed. Genetic evaluation of patients with familial hypercalciuria, hypophosphatemia and nephrolithiasis is needed for further information on the prevalence and management of this rare disorder. Conflict of interest:None declared.     

肾脏孤立性纤维瘤临床、影像学及病理诊断(附2例报告及文献复习)

目的:探讨肾孤立性纤维瘤的临床、影像学及病理特征,并进行诊断和鉴别诊断,提高对该肿瘤的诊断水平。方法:对2例肾孤立性纤维瘤进行临床症状,影像学资料以及病理分析,并结合文献讨论。结果:2例肿瘤均位于左肾,1例来源于肾实质,1例与左肾盂关系密切,临床、影像学诊断为左肾癌,均行左肾根治性切除术,肿瘤大体为球形或表面略分叶状的包块,边界清楚,包膜完整。镜下梭形细胞呈束状、旋涡状或不规则状排列,部分与胶原纤维混杂,部分呈血管外皮瘤样结构。细胞无明显异型,核分裂象未见。免疫组化示肿瘤细胞CD34及CD99阳性,S100,SMA,CKpan,P63,HMB45均为阴性,确诊为肾脏孤立性纤维瘤,2例均随访6个月无复发转移。结论:肾孤立性纤维瘤是一种少见的肾脏肿瘤,临床及影像学上易误诊为肾癌或肾盂癌,免疫组化CD34阳性表达是其病理学特征性表现,根治性切除及术后长期随访是治疗肿瘤的必要手段。     

Interleukin newcomers creating new numbers in rheumatology: IL-34 to IL-38

The development of innovative technologies is steadily increasing the body of knowledge on molecules involved in physiological functions. Thus, several interleukins (ILs) have been identified and characterized in the past few years. Here, we detail the structural and functional characteristics of IL-34 to IL-38 with special attention to their involvement in inflammatory joint disease. IL-34 chiefly increases osteoclast activation and proliferation and therefore, it plays a direct role in bone destruction as seen in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Regulatory T-cells (Tregs) express IL-35, which therefore exerts anti-inflammatory effects by restoring Treg suppressive capabilities and by inhibiting the Th17 pathway. IL-37 has anti-inflammatory effects mediated by a negative feedback loop that decreases the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. IL-36 belongs to the IL-1 family and has three different forms. Although this cytokine has been chiefly studied in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis, it also exerts pro-inflammatory effects in RA. The specific IL-36 antagonist, IL-36Ra binds to the IL-36 receptor, thereby, preventing signal transduction. Finally, IL-38 is a recently identified cytokine whose effect may resemble that of IL-36Ra as it binds to the IL-36 receptor and inhibits its effects, particularly the Th17-response. Although the exact roles for these cytokines awaits elucidation, the current improvements in our knowledge of the mechanisms that regulate chronic inflammatory conditions, such as RA may lead to the identification of new treatment targets.     

Common genetic coagulation variants are not associated with ischemic stroke in a case-control study

Abstract

Objective: Abnormalities in the coagulation pathway are often included in the diagnostic work-up of stroke patients, especially in young adults with cryptogenic stroke.

Methods: Three common genetic variants within the coagulation cascade were investigated in 500 control subjects and in 167 patients with ischemic stroke defined by TOAST subclassification. Analysed variants were factor V Leiden, prothrombin 20210G→A and factor XIII Val34Leu.

Results: The factor V Leiden mutation was over-represented in patients with cardioembolic stroke for trend, whereas the prothrombin 20210G→A variant and the factor XIII polymorphism Val34Leu were not associated with stroke of any subtype. The three polymorphisms showed no association with stroke in subgroups of patients defined by age (<40, 40–49, 50–59, ≥60 years).

Discussion: This study suggests that the analysis of prothrombin 20210G→A and factor XIII Val34Leu is not a useful diagnostic procedure in the work-up of ischemic stroke.     

MicroRNA-mediated suppression of P-glycoprotein by quantum dots in lung cancer cells

The interactions between adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette (ABC) transporters and nano-sized materials are attracting increasing attention, due to their great potential in overcoming the multidrug resistance (MDR) phenomena in cancer treatment. However, the inner mechanisms involved in the interactions are largely unknown. In this study, two commercial quantum dots (QDs), CdSe/ZnS-MPA and CdSe/ZnS-GSH, were tested for their interactions with P-glycoprotein (P-gp), as well as the relating mechanisms in lung cancer (A549) cells. Both QDs significantly suppressed the gene and protein expressions of P-gp in A549 cells. To explain this, the gene expressions of nine relating microRNAs (miRNAs) were evaluated. The results indicated a shared up-regulation of miR-34b and miR-185 by both QDs. Furthermore, mimics and inhibitors of miR-34b and miR-185 significantly enhanced and suppressed the gene and protein expressions of P-gp, respectively, confirming the modulatory function of these two miRNAs on P-gp. Interestingly, expressions of both miRNAs were suppressed during treatment with Cd²⁺ and doxorubicin, which induced the expression of P-gp, indicating the universality of these miRNAs-related mechanisms. Thus, as miR-34b and miR-185 participated in the suppression of P-gp functions in A549 cells they could be interesting targets for the treatment of lung cancer.